II. GREEK EXCAVATION. By J. P. Droop, M.A. III. ITALIAN EXCAVATION. By Thomas Ashby, M.A., D.Litt., Director of the British School at Rome 31 V. SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, AND MINOR ARTS. By VI. NUMISMATICS. By George Macdonald, M.A., LL.D. 51 VIII. LATIN INSCRIPTIONS. By G. L. Cheesman, M.A., Fellow IX. PAPYRI. By Arthur S. Hunt, M.A., D.Litt., LL.D., X. GREEK PALAEOGRAPHY AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM. By T. W. Allen, M.A., Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford. XI. LATIN PALAEOGRAPHY AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM. By 93 XII. GRAMMAR, LEXICOGRAPHY, AND METRIC. By E. A. Sonnenschein, M.A., D.Litt., Professor of Latin in the XIII. GREEK HISTORY. BY M. O. B. Caspari, M.A., Reader in Ancient History at University College, London XIV. ROMAN HISTORY. By F. E. Adcock, M.A., Fellow of XV. GREEK RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY. By L. R. Farnell, M.A., D.Litt., Rector of Exeter College, Oxford; University Lecturer in Classical Archaeology. XVI. ROMAN RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY. By W. Warde Fowler, M.A., D.Litt., Fellow of Lincoln College, XIX. LATIN LITERATURE. By E. Harrison, M.A., and C. E. Stuart, M.A., Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge . 167 XXI. HELLENISTIC GREEK. By J. H. Moulton, M.A., D.Litt., D.D., Greenwood Professor of Hellenistic Greek in the THE YEAR'S WORK IN CLASSICAL STUDIES I PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY THE past year has not been fruitful either of discovery or of discussions. As usual, subjects are dealt with here in regional order from West to East. Spain.-J. Dechelette describes the extensive excavations of the Marquis of Cerralbo, at Torralba, Aguilar de Anquita, and other sites; including over three thousand incinerations, probably of the fourth and later centuries, under Greek influence, but without actual Greek imports.1 A Spanish bracelet of gold, published by S. Reinach, presents close similarities to the headgear of the 'Lady of Elche,' confirming the higher date for the latter.2 On the Iberian pottery of Eastern Spain, see the report of P. Paris to the German Archaeological Institute covering the years 1910-12.3 Sardinia, Malta, etc.-D. Mackenzie revisited Sardinia in 1909, and now prints his study of its dolmens and nuraghe, with general conclusions as to their relative age and sequence.4 The interpretation of megalithic monuments advanced by G. Elliot Smith has provoked 1 Comptes rendus, 1912, pp. 433-43. 2 Rev. Arch. lxi., p. 375, pls. i., ii. 5 3 Jahrbuch, xxvii. ; Anzeiger, pp. 403-68. 4 B.S.R. vi. 1913, p. 127. 5 The Ancient Egyptians, London, 1912 (noted last year). A 1 considerable discussion. T. E. Peet publishes a critical résumé of recent theories, and contributes also to the archaeological side of the enquiry.2 A survey of all recent excavations in Malta and Gozo is now given by T. Ashby, R. N. Bradley, T. E. Peet, and N. Tagliaferro. Sufficient material has been accumulated to permit generalisation as to the probable uses of each type. The large buildings, like Hagiar Kim, are not funerary, but probably sanctuaries. Peet's section on the pottery carries classification further than before, and notes parallels with early vases from Sicily. Tagliaferro adds much detail as to the wares found on each site. The small objects now in the Valetta Museum are copiously illustrated.3 The Maltese part of R. N. Bradley's independent book summarises archaeological results; the rest is speculative and ill-advised. Punic Remains.-The Punic necropolis of Predio Ibba, near Cagliari, excavated in 1908, is published now in full by A. Taramelli. It begins in much the same period as Tharros, but runs on later into the fifth and fourth centuries. Among the finds are interesting jewellery and orientalising scarab-seals (figs. 60-75), passing on into barbarised Hellenic types (figs. 76-78).5 Other Punic tombs, from the North African coast, near Thapsus, have been published by D. Anziani. The same writer describes also a large amphora from the Bordj Djedid cemetery at Carthage." Italy. Quickly following the last volume of his monumental Civilisation Primitive en Italie, the veteran Oscar Montelius restates in fuller form his system of dating prehistoric objects from Italian sites. Though occasionally modified by recent discovery, his dates remain for the most 1 Liverpool Annals and Anthropology, v., pp. 112–28. 2 Rough Stone Monuments and their Builders, London, 1912. Compare his paper on Egyptian influence in the Mediterranean, B.S.A. xvii., pp. 250-63. 3 B.S.R. vi., pp. 1-126. 5 Mon. Ant. xxi., i. A, pp. 45-234. 7 Comptes rendus, 1912, pp. 341-44. 4 Malta and the Mediterranean Race. 6 Mélanges, xxxii., pp. 245-303. |