Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments
Concern exists over human-generated increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases and their potential consequences to society. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 finds that global temperatures have increased by 0.8ºC since 1850 and that climate warming is now 'unequivocal'. While the human imprint is becoming increasingly apparent, Earth's climate has shifted dramatically and frequently during the last few million years, alternating between ice ages, when vast glaciers covered Northern Europe and much of North America, and interglacials--warm periods much like today. Farther back in geologic time, climates have differed even more from the present. Thus, to fully understand the unusual changes of the 20th century and possible future trends, these must be placed in a longer-term context extending beyond the period of instrumental records. The Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, a companion volume to the recently-published Encyclopedia of World Climatology, provides the reader with an entry point to the rapidly expanding field of paleoclimatology--the study of climates of the past. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, paleoclimatology integrates information from a broad array of disciplines in the geosciences, ranging from stratigraphy, geomorphology, glaciology, paleoecology, paleobotany to geochemistry and geophysics, among others. The encyclopedia offers 230 informative articles written by over 200 well known international experts on numerous subjects, ranging from classical geological evidence to the latest research. The volume is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings, black-white and color photographs. Articles are arranged alphabetically, with extensive bibliographies and cross-references. Volume Editor: Vivien Gornitz is a Senior Research Scientist, Center for Climate Systems Research Columbia University and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. She holds a B.A. from Barnard College and a Ph.D. from Columbia University. Her research interests include global sea level rise--past, present, and future, coastal hazards, climatic implications of land cover transformations, and planetary geology, including Mars. In addition to numerous scientific publications, she has edited Geology of the Planet Mars (Benchmark Papers in Geology, v. 48, Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., 1979) and has contributed articles to several of the encyclopedias in the Earth Sciences Series. She was a Contributing Author for the IPCC in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2007
Springer eBooks
Encyclopedia
xxiv, 1047 pages : illustrations (some color), maps (some color) ; 29 cm
9781402045516, 1402045514
244314674
Printed edition:
Aerosols (mineral) / Ina Tegen
Albedo feedbacks / Andrew A. Lacis
Alkenones / Mark Pagani
Animal proxies, invertebrates / Robert R. Gaines and Mary L. Droser
Animal proxies
vertebrates / Thomas H. Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich
Antarctic bottom water and climate change / Stan Jacobs
Antarctic cold reversal / Vincent I. Morgan
Antarctica glaciation history / Kathy Licht
Antarctic sea ice history, Late quaternary / Xavier Crosta
Archean environments / William H. Peck and John W. Valley
Arctic sea ice / Anne de Vernal
Arid climates and indicators / Andrew Goudie
Astronomical theory of climate change / Andrè Berger
Atmospheric circulation during the last glacial maximum / David Rind
Atmospheric evolution, Earth / James Farquhar
Atmospheric evolution, Mars / David C. Catling
Atmospheric evolution, Venus / Bruce Fegley, Jr
Banded iron formations and the early atmosphere / Bruce M. Simonson and Alan J. Kaufman
Basal ice / Peter G. Knight
Beachrock / Ian D. Goodwin
Beetles as Quaternary and late tertiary climate indicators / G. Russell Coope
Beryllium-10 / Jërg Beer
Binge/purge model of ice sheet dynamics / Martin J. Siegert
Bolide impacts and climate / Michael R. Rampino
Bølling-Allerød interstadial / Wim Z. Hoek
Borehole climatology / Hugo Beltrami and Daniela Nitoiu Carbon cycle / Abraham Lerman
Carbon dioxide and methane, Quaternary variations / Bernard Stauffer
Carbon dioxide, dissolved (ocean) / Richard E. Zeebe and Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow
Carbon isotope variations over geologic time / Jan Veizer
Carbon isotopes, stable / Steven W. Leavitt
Carbonate compensation depth / Torsten Bickert
Carbonates, cool water / Jonathan Clarke
Carbonates, warm water / Dan Bosence
Cenozoic climate change / James D. Wright
Cirques / Peter G. Knight
CLAMP / Robert A. Spicer
CLIMAP / James D. Hays
Climate change, causes / Thomas J. Crowley
Climate forcing / Andrew A. Lacis
Climate variability, last 1000 years / Michael E. Mann
Coal beds, origin and climate / C. Blaine Cecil and Sandra G. Neuzil
Coastal environments / Robert W. Dalrymple and Kyungsik Choi
Coccoliths / Jeremy R. Young
COHMAP / Thompson Webb III
Continental sediments / Marc S. Hendrix
Corals and coral reefs / John E. N. Veron
Cordilleran ice sheet / John J. Clague
Cosmogenic radionuclides /Jürg Beer
Cretaceous warm climates / Erle G. Kauffman and Claudia C. Johnson
Cretaceous/Tertiary (K-T) boundary impact / Elisabetta Pierazzo
Cryosphere / Philippe Huybrechts
Cyclic sedimentation (cyclothems) / Allen W. Archer
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles / Irene A. Mogensen
Dating, amino acid geochronology / Gifford H. Miller
Dating, biostratigraphic methods / Peter M. Sadler
Dating, dendrochronology / Brendan M. Buckley
Dating, fission tracks / John I. Garver
Dating, luminescence techniques / Glenn W. Berger
Dating, magnetostratigraphy
Dating, radiometric methods / Chris M. Hall
Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) / William W. Hay
Deltaic sediments, climate records / Steven L. Goodbreed, Jr
Dendroclimatology
Desert varnish as paleoclimate proxy / Ronald I. Dorn
Deuterium, deuterium excess / Gilles Delaygue
Diamicton / John Menzies
Diatoms / Amy Leventer
Dinoflagellates / Anne de Vernal
Dole effect / George Hoffman
Drumlins / Peter G. Knight
Duricrusts / David J. Nash
Dust transport, Quaternary / Karen E. Kohfeld and Ina Tegen Early Paleozoic climates (Cambrian-Devonian) / Arthur J. Boucot
Earth laws and paleoclimatology / Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) and Vivien Gornitz
Eccentricity / Marie-France Loutre
Eemian (Sangamonian) interglacial / Ulrich C. Müller
Electrical conductivity / Kendrick Taylor
Eolian dust, marine sediments / David K. Rea
Eolian sediments and processes / Daniel R. Muhs
Eolianite / David B. Loope
Eskers / Peter G. Knight
Evaporites / Stefano Lugli
Evolution and climate change / David A.T. Harper
Faint Young Sun paradox / James Farquhar
Flood basalts, climatic implications / Andrew D. Saunders
Foraminifera / Harry J. Dowsett
Geochemical proxies (non-isotopic) / Matthew J. Higginson
Glacial erratic / Patrick M. Colgan
Glacial eustasy / Stephen F. Pekar
Glacial geomorphology / John Menzies
Glacial isostasy / Kurt Lambeck
Glacial megalakes / Victor R. Baker
Glacial sediments / Douglas I. Benn
Glaciations, pre-Quaternary / Emmanuelle Arnaud and I. Peter Martini
Glaciations, Quaternary / Shawn J. Marshall
Glaciofluvial sediments / Douglas Benn
Glaciomarine sediments / Kathy Licht
Glendonite/ikaite / Ian P. Swainson
"Greenhouse" (warm) climates / Darren R. Gröcke
Heat transports, oceanic and atmospheric / Dan Seidov
Heinrich events / Sidney Hemming
History of Paleoclimatology / Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased)
History of Paleoclimatology
biographies / Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased) and Vivien Gornitz
Holocene climates / Neil Roberts
Holocene treeline fluctuations / Mel A. Reasoner and Willy Tinner
Human evolution and climate change / Gaily M. Ashley
Hypsithermal / Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased)
Ice cores, Antarctica and Greenland / Dominique Raynaud and Frédéric Parrenin
Ice cores, mountain glaciers / Lonnie G. Thompson
"Icehouse" (cold) climates / Paul K. Link
Ice-rafted debris (IRD) / Julian A. Dowdeswell
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) / Manik Talwani
Interstadials / Wom Z. Hoek
Iron and climate change / David Archer
Isotopic fractionation / Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow and Richard E. Zeebe Kames / Peter G. Knight
Kettles / Peter G. Knight
Lacustrine sediments / Bernd Zolitschka and Dirk Enters
Lake level fluctuations / Mark B. Abbott and Lesleigh Anderson
Last glacial maximum / David Q Bowen
Last glacial termination / Didier Paillard
Late Paleozoic paleoclimates / Anne Raymond and Christopher R. Scotese
Late Quaternary megafloods / Victor R. Baker
Late Quaternary-Holocene vegetation modeling / Jed O. Kaplan
Laterite / Michael Widdowson
Laurentide ice sheet / Arthur S. Dyke
Little ice age / Drew T. Shindell
Loess deposits / Konstantin G. Dlussky
Marine biogenic sediments / Wolfgang H. Berger and Gerold Wefer
Marine carbon geochemistry / David Archer
Marine clay minerals / Alastair Riffell
Mars: water and past climates / Phillip R. Christensen
Mass extinctions: role of climate / Garland R. Upchurch, Jr
Maunder minimum / Drew T. Shindell
Medieval warm period / Rhodes W. Fairbridge (deceased)
Mesozoic climates / Gregory D. Price
Messinian salinity crisis / Stefano Lugli
Methane hydrates, carbon cycling, and environmental change / Gerard R. Dickens and Clayton Forswall
Mid-Pliocene warming / Mark A. Chandler
Millennial climate variability / Gerard Bond (deceased)
Mineral indicators of past climates / Vivien Gornitz
Monsoons, Pre-Quaternary / Pinxian Wang and Qianyu Li
Monsoons, Quaternary / Anil K. Gupta
Moraines / Peter G. Knight
Mountain glaciers / Lonnie G. Thompson
Mountain uplift and climate change
Nearest-living-relative method / Volker Mosbrugger
Neogene climates / Carin Andersson
Nitrogen isotopes / Julian P. Sachs
North Atlantic deep water and climate change / Thomas M. Marchitto, Jr
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) records / Heidi M. Cullen
Obliquity / Marie-France Loutre Ocean anoxic events / Bradley Sagement
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) / Joanne C. Reuss
Ocean paleocirculation / Roger Francois
Ocean paleoproductivity / Adina Payton
Ocean paleotemperatures Mara Weinelt
Organic geochemical proxies / Philip A. Meyers
Ostracodes / Thomas M. Cronin
Outwash plains / Peter G. Knight
Oxygen isotopes / Gilles Delaygue PAGES / Keith Alverson and Christoph Kull
Paleobotany / Elizabeth A. Kowalski and David L. Dilcher
Paleocean modeling / Matthew Huber
Paleoceanography / Katrin J. Meisser, Alvaro Montenegro, and Chris Avis
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum / Gavin A. Schmidt
Paleoclimate modeling, Pre-quaternary / Christopher J. Poulsen
Paleoclimate modeling quaternary / Robert J. Oglesby and Kirk A. Maasch
Paleoclimate proxies, an introduction / Vivien Gornitz
Paleo-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) records / Michael K. Gagan
Paleogene climates / Donald R. Prothero
Paleohydrology / Françoise Gasse
Paleolimnology / Philip Barker
Paleo-ocean pH / Martin R. Palmer
Paleo-precipitation indicators / Paul A. Baker
Paleosols-pre-Quaternary / Steven G. Driese
Paleosols-Quaternary / Tatiana D. Morozova and Andrei A. Velichko
Paleotemperatures, proxy reconstructions / Thomas M. Cronin
Paleotempestology, the sedimentary record of intense hurricanes / Jeffrey P. Donnelly
Palynology / Margaret Kneller and Sarah Fowell
Patterned ground / Matthew R. Bennett .- Periglacial geomorphology / Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë
Phosphorite / Yehoshua Kolodny
Phosphorus cycle / Gabriel M. Filippelli
Pingo / Matthew R. Bennett
Plate tectonics and climate change / Robert M. DeConto
Pleistocene climates / David Q. Bowen
Pliocene climates / Alan M. Haywood
PIMP / Vivien Gornitz
Pollen analysis / Margaret Kneller
Potassium-Argon/argon-argon dating / Chris M. Hall
Precession, Climate / Marie-France Loutre
Pre-Quaternary Milankovitch cycles and climate variability / Paul E. Olsen and Jessica H. Whiteside
Proglacial lacustrine sediments / Wibjörn Karlén
Proterozoic climates / Grant M. Young
Quaternary climate transitions and cycles / Mark Maslin
Quaternary vegetation distribution / John Jack W. Williams
Radiocarbon dating R. Ervin Taylor
Radiolaria / Adolfo Molina-Cruz (deceased) and Kjell R. Bjørklund
Red beds / Nathan D. Sheldon
Roche moutonnée / Matthew R. Bennett Sapropels (organic-rich muds) / Kay-Christian Emeis
Scandinavian ice sheet / Jan Mangerud
Sea level change, last 250 million years / Kenneth G. Miller
Sea level change, Post-glacial / Vivien Gornitz
Sea level change, Quaternary / John M. Chappell
Sea level indicators / Michael S. Kearney
Sedimentary indicators of climate change / Joseph P. Smoot
Snowball earth hypothesis / Grant M. Young
SPECMAP / Franck C. Bassinot
Speleothems / Yemane Asmeron
Stable isotope analysis / Germán Mora
Strontium isotopes / Ján Veizer
Sulfur isotopes / Harald Strauss and Ján Veizer
Sun-climate connections / Peter F. Almasi and Gerard Bond (deceased)
Tephrochronology / Andrew J. Dugmore and Anthony Newton
The 8200 year BP event / Allegra N. LeGrande
Thermohaline circulation / Andrew J. Weaver and Oleg A. Saenko
Till and Tillites / Douglas I. Benn
Time series analysis of paleoclimate data / David J. Thomson
Transfer functions / Stephen Juggins
Triassic-Jurassic climates / Gregory J. Retallack
Uranium-series dating / Yemane Asmeron
Varved sediments / Matti Saarnisto and Antti E.K. Ojala
Volcanic eruptions and climate change / Richard B. Stothers
Weathering and climate / Louis A. Derry
Wisconsinan (Weichselian, Wurm) glaciation / John T. Andrews Younger Dryas / Dorothy M. Peteet
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