From slavery to freedom : a history of African Americans

Print version:

1. Land of Their Ancestors. Ghana. Mali. Songhay. Other States

2. The African Way of Life. Political Institutions. Economic Life. Social Organization. Religion. The Arts. The Transplantation of African Culture

3. The Slave Trade and the New World. European and Asian Interests. Africans in the New World. The Big Business of Slave Trading. One-Way Passage. Colonial Enterprise in the Caribbean. The Plantation System. Slavery in Mainland Latin America

4. Colonial Slavery. Virginia and Maryland. The Carolinas and Georgia. The Middle Colonies. Blacks in Colonial New England

5. That All May Be Free. Slavery and the Revolutionary Philosophy. Blacks Fighting for American Independence. The Movement to Manumit Slaves. The Conservative Reaction

6. Blacks in the New Republic. The Black Population in 1790. Slavery and the Industrial Revolution. Trouble in the Caribbean. The Closing of the Slave Trade. The Search for Independence

7. Blacks and Manifest Destiny. Frontier Influences. Black Pioneers in the Westward March. The War of 1812. Emergence of the Cotton Kingdom. The Domestic Slave Trade. Persistence of the African Trade

8. That Peculiar Institution. Scope and Extent. The Slave Codes. Plantation Scene. Nonagricultural Pursuits. Social Considerations. The Slave's Reaction to Bondage

9. Quasi-Free Blacks. American Anomaly. Economic and Social Development. The Struggle in the North and West. Colonization

10. Slavery and Intersectional Strife. The North Attacks. Black Abolitionists. The Underground Railroad. The South Strikes Back. Stress and Strain in the 1850s

11. Civil War. Uncertain Federal Policy. Moving toward Freedom. Confederate Policy. Blacks Fighting for the Union. Victory!

12. The Effort to Attain Peace. Reconstruction and the Nation. Conflicting Policies. Relief and Rehabilitation. Economic Adjustment. Political Currents

13. Losing the Peace. The Struggle for Domination. The Overthrow of Reconstruction. The Movement for Disfranchisement. The Triumph of White Supremacy

14. Philanthropy and Self-Help. Northern Philanthropy and African-American Education. The Age of Booker T. Washington. Struggles in the Economic Sphere. Social and Cultural Growth

15. The Color Line. The New American Imperialism. America's Empire of Darker Peoples. Urban Problems. The Pattern of Violence. New Solutions for Old Problems

16. In Pursuit of Democracy. World War I. The Enlistment of African Americans. Service Overseas. On the Home Front

17. Democracy Escapes. The Reaction. The Voice of Protest Rises

18. The Harlem Renaissance and the Politics of African-American Culture. Socioeconomic Problems and African-American Literature. Harlem, the Seat and Center. The Circle Widens

19. The New Deal. Depression. Political Regeneration. Roosevelt's "Black Cabinet" Government Agencies and Relief for Blacks. Black Labor and the Unions

20. The American Dilemma. Trends in Education. Opportunities for Self-Expression. The World of African Americans. One World or Two?

21. Fighting for the Four Freedoms. Arsenal of Democracy. Blacks in the Service. The Home Fires. The United Nations and Human Welfare

22. African Americans in the Cold War Era. Progress. Reaction. Urbanization and Its Consequences. Writers and Artists in Later Years. Heard and Seen by Millions

23. The Black Revolution. The Road to Revolution. The Beginnings. Marching for Freedom. The Illusion of Equality. Revolution at High Tide. Balance Sheet of the Revolution

24. New Forms of Activism. The Reagan Years. A New Economic and Political Thrust. The Bush Quadrennium. Stirrings. African Americans and the World. "On the Pulse of Morning"

App. The Emancipation Proclamation

App. Fair Employment Executive Order

App. Government's Responsibility: Securing the Rights

App. Brown v. Board of Education

App. John F. Kennedy: Special Message to the Congress on Civil Rights

App. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

App. The Voting Rights Act of 1965