...Renaissance (1873). There Pater emphasizes, especially in the beginning, the notion of a Renaissance in the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries, a Renaissance "within the middle age itself" (1095). Wilde's cosmopolitanism shows the influence of...

...indulgences and privileges pertaining to the negotium crucis;3 1 For a general survey of crusading activities at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries, seeJ.SC Riley-Smith, The Crusades. A Short History (London 1987), 109-45. 2 H. Roscher, Papst Innocenz...

...Cherub circle which identify it as a separate and independent school within Jewish religious thought at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century. To summarize briefly, four main subjects emerge: 1 ) A new concept of Divine Glory, the Kavod,...

...cases, the structure of the composition still resembled a frieze. But, in comparison with painting at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century, the composition showed signs of further development, becoming more varied. The figures were...

...occurred in the thirteenth century, rooted in later medieval literature's renewed interest in women. At the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century. Minnesang and troubadour lyric were at their peak in Germany and France. Even women troubadours,...

...regards all but its moral content (ie, the commandments). This subject was much studied in the schools at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries, by Peter Lombard and William of Auvergne among others. It is in four parts, the first of which examines...

...its focus one part of the extensive programme of manuscript annotation carried out by a scribe active at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century. The work of this scribe in annotating one Latin and two Old English versions of Gregory's...

...evangelists are actually placed at the two side-arms ot the cross, not at its four ends. 3 He actually lived at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries. 4 Scholars now hold that the Antioch chalice is to be dated a few centuries later than this, and hence...

...had "Guilds" of their own in particular profession, which gave them certain special privileges. Thus, at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries, there appeared in north-east Armenia a certain social stability deriving mainly from international...

...wool cloths."'1 The relative scarcity of commercial exchanges between Pisa and the Crown of Aragon, at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century is underlined by a naval incident that happened in 1204. On 2 June, a Pisan ship was pursuing...