CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA: A DICTIONARY OF UNIVERSAL KNOWLEDGE FOR THE PEOPLE. ILLUSTRATED. AMERICAN REVISED EDITION. IN TEN VOLUMES. VOL. IX. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & Co. 1883. Then he nie with sinkers complete is ready, it is ettle maret er he ste, Inwered gendy into met town 100 or 100 fathoms before Is then let go, and the passing of arts 30-athnims mark is timed and recorded in a inter carmen cantain all the particulars of the anding Fr Viliam Kanson, FRS, has invented wate↑ feep-ses sunding housing piano wire in ↑ eminen ines, which promises to obriste fbe sent diffenity in deep-sea sounding. four ver teen sundings are on record, but it is ient hat he feepest veil-authenticated one was stoned Capain Sares, of H.M.S. Challenger, about 30 miles to the rived of the Virgin iams, fe feadh being 3873 fathoms, or nearly 4 metinately, not thinking that so near the a great 1 depth would be found, caly 3 cwts. liters ver net the wound quantity for such exeventh being 4 evts; this weight with a onenine took in hour and twelve minutes to reach the he swertainment of the sinkers reachhe ottom fepends upon the time intervals, it amateri fat the line les free to run with this wis ake sions 43 seconds running out the 30 fartrons, and the time increases as nearly as slative sends for each successive 100 fathoms; i vien fie interval is prolonged beyond this te mer has reached the bottom, and it is he weight of the line in the water that causes mut from on board the ship. On this thest 50 fathoms ran out at the rate of 2 unds per 100 fathomus. * of the average depth of the North Atlantic -be had from the fact that of 108 soundThe the Challenger 48 were between 1000 boms, 56 between 2000 and 3000, whilst 4 exceeded 3000. men, to sip or sup) is a well-known tained either from flesh and vegetatables alone. When finely chopped hatchers' meat) is lixiviated with osed to pressure, there is left a onsisting of muscular fibres, of ssue, and of vessels and nerves. municates no flavour to water tbe masticated, and as Lieeject it.' The cold water cent, of the dry chopped contains all the savory ter of the flesh, and is he presence of a little lood. On gradually observed that the unt from 2 to 14 s old or young) hen the temaring-matter emperature of a pale it must SOUTANE-SOUTH. versal than it was thirty years since. It is strictly required to be worn under the sacred vestments by a priest administering the sacraments, or otherwise officiating publicly. of the roasted flesh of the animal employed. In order to obtain the strongest and best-flavoured soup, chopped flesh should be slowly heated to boiling with an equal weight of water; the boiling should only be continued for a few minutes (for prolonged boiling SOUR-SOP (Anona muricata), a West Indian only gives rise to the formation of gelatin), and the fruit tree, of the same genus with the Custard Apsoup should be then strained off from the solid resi-ple (q. v.). The tree does not attain a large size, but due. If, as a matter of economy, it is desirable that the meat should be left in an eatable state (which is not the case with soup made according to the preceding directions), the joint or mass of flesh should be set on the fire with cold water, which should be gently heated to boiling; the flesh thus undergoes a loss of soluble and savoury matter, while the soup ecomes richer in them. The thinner the piece of sh is, the greater is the loss which it experiences. up is the medicine of the convalescent, and as a ns of restoring the exhausted strength, it cannot placed by any article of the Pharmacopoeia. Its ing and restoring action on the appetite, on the ve organs, the colour, and the general appearthe sick, is most striking. the preceding observations on the chemistry Sour-sop (Anona muricata.) 'p, asparagus-soup; while for fish- is much branched and very ornamental. The fruit is minutes. Stir it well to the whole fluid 1 oz. t. His SOUTH, ROBERT, D.D., the son of a London merchant, was born at Hackney in 1633. earlier education he received at Westminster School, of which Dr Busby was then master; and in 1651, he became a student at Christchurch, Oxford. In 1655 and 1657 successively, he took his degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts; he was ordained in 1658; and in 1660, he was appointed University Orator. In this function he was fortunate enough to please the Lord Chancellor Clarendon on his installation as Chancellor of Oxford, and in reward of his complimentary periods, S. was made his domestic chaplain. In 1663, he took his degree as Doctor of Divinity; the same year saw him promoted to a prebendary stall at Westminster; and in 1670, he became a canon of Christchurch, Oxford. In 1677, Laurence Hyde, son of the Chancellor, being sent to Poland as ambassador, he was accomtane, Lat. tala panied thither by S., who had been his tutor, and o the ankles'), was the object of his warm regard. Shortly after d Italy to the his return, the rectory of Islip, in Oxfordshire, was nonly with a conferred upon him, and he was made chaplain-inatholic eccle- ordinary to Charles II. He might readily now have ostume is in become a bishop, but through this and the succeedthe priestly ing reign, he steadily continued to decline the offers f the cler- of higher preferment pressed upon him. It is not designs of James II., tending to a Roman Catholio in holy revival, he regarded with deep disapproval and "eceived alarm; but so strong was his sense of the duty of ncil of submission to the reigning monarch, that he declined that all share in the conspiracy to oust him in favour of re of the Prince and Princess of Orange. When, howlour ever, the Revolution was accomplished, he gave in ni- his adhesion to it. But, to his honour, he refused to a profit in the way of preferment, by the deprivation y of such of the higher dignitaries of the church as could not conscientiously go along with him in recognition of the new order of things. A stanch The |