tribes. Of the number enrolled, 22 attend Kansas University and 275 take fulltime vocational work. In developing our educational program the special vocational needs of Indians have been kept uppermost, and courses have been based on employment opportunities, both for men and women, in trades, agriculture and business, as well as in regular high school work. Effort is made to select students who will profit by higher education. Those selected have been permitted to live at Haskell and attend the University of Kansas. In general the opportunities at Haskell are intended to help a few Indian youths with a type of preparation for their work that they would not ordinarily receive in their own communities, either in Indian or public schools. Attention is invited to the following comparison: Repairs and improvements, $24,000.-For 1935 a reduction of $7,000 under the base amount allowed for 1934 was made in this fund. This plant, established in 1884, consists of 93 stone, frame, and brick structures, with 994 acres of land in the school campus, farm, and garden. The total valuation is approximately $936,000. There are many items that should receive attention during the next fiscal year, involving sums ranging from $140 to $3,800. Not more than $19,000 will be available for repair purposes when the salary of the superintendent and drayage expenses are deducted. This plant is so large, and many of the buildings are so old, that a liberal repair fund is most important. Printing equipment, $6,500.-For many years Congress has included in the annual appropriation for Haskell authority to print a school paper. The school maintains a printing plant authorized by the Joint Committee on Printing for issuing the paper and otherwise giving instruction to students in printing. instruction thus provided is of great value as a vocation and as a means of training in English, spelling, journalism, and other subject matter. The The equipment in this plant is old and obsolete, only a very few pieces of machinery having been purchased in the last 12 or 15 years. Some of it was transferred to Haskell from the old Carlisle Boarding School at the time of the closing of that school in 1919. It will be readily recognized that if an adequate Vocational training program in printing is to be carried out, it is necessary that the students be familiar with modern printing equipment. At present these students are greatly handicapped, because of the existing obsolete equipment with which they are required to work, in their efforts to secure jobs in commercial concerns in competition with white graduates of schools where equipment is up-to-date. The following equipment and replacements are the minimum requirements at this time: New Chandler and Price 39-inch automatic power paper cutter.. $2, 200 6, 140 One no. 15115 Hamilton steel platen pressroom cabinet complete with 1 no. 15684 imposing surface.. 2 no. 15116 Hamilton steel cylinder press roller cabinets. 1 new 12 by 18 Chandler and Price 4-roller craftsman press. 1 new Miehle vertical press_ Total... Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, $3,000.-This fund, derived from the sale of school products, is used to supplement any appropriation available for school use. 190 210 760 2,500 12, 000 Mr. DODD. We are asking for $6,500 for the purchase of printing equipment at this school. We conduct a course in printing there, and we have been using some old machinery that has passed its usefulness. Unless we can replace a portion of that equipment this year, we will be compelled to close down our printing department. The amount that we actually need for the new equipment there is $12,000. The Budget has allowed us for the first year $6,500. Mr. LAMBERTSON. Is it true that the Haskell Institute is your highest Indian educational institution? Or the school where you give them more advanced training than anywhere else? Mr. FICKINGER. That is probably true, if you include with that the commercial department, which we have there. Mr. LAMBERTSON. Do you give 2 years of college work at Chilocco? Mr. FICKINGER. No, sir. Mr. LAMBERTSON. But you do have at Haskell, do you not? Mr. FICKINGER. No, sir. We do not any college work at Haskell. We have a special commercial course at Haskell, which is over and above the twelfth grade or the 4-year high-school course, but it does not constitute a college course. It is the equivalent of a business-college course. Mr. LAMBERTSON. I thought it was conducted on the line of a junior college. Mr. FICKINGER. No, sir. Mr. LAMBERTSON. It used to be a 4-year course? Mr. FICKINGER. They used to have a junior college course there several years ago. Mr. LAMBERTSON. Does the Department pay for the tuition of these Indians who go to Kansas University and other universities? Mr. FICKINGER. Yes, sir; out of the reimbursable loan fund. PIPESTONE, MINN., SCHOOL Mr. JOHNSON. The next item is for Pipestone, Minn., $113,750. Mr. DODD. The justification in support of this item is as follows: Support, $97,750 (increase, $8,125).-This estimate is based on 300 pupils at $305 per capita plus $50 additional for 125 pupils above the sixth grade. The appropriation for 1934 was for 325 pupils; but as an economy measure, and in carrying forward the policy of reducing numbers in boarding schools, only 290 were carried; a further reduction of 40 was made for 1935, and this reduction was continued in 1936. In 1937 the enrollment was increased to 275. This is the only nonreservation school in Minnesota, and the enrollment is about one-half from reservations in the State, with the remainder coming chiefly from the Sisseton and Yankton Reservations in South Dakota, and a few from other nearby reservations. Enrollment is confined largely to orphans and a few institutional cases. Grades 1 to 9 are maintained. All-day schooling is provided for the first six grades, and three-fourths of a day academic instruction for the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades, with one-fourth of a day for vocational instruction. Very little production work is done by the students, as most of them are small and unable to perform heavy manual labor. The school has a very productive garden, which in normal growing seasons provides an abundance of fresh vegetables for students and fodder for the school dairy. All of the products raised on the school farm are consumed at the school. The 648.2 acres comprising the school reserve are divided as follows: Field crops. Garden... Pasture.. acres. 215 .__do____ 25 .__do___ 200 School campus, school and farm buildings, roads, and waste land..do... 208 2 The school maintains a splendid herd of Holsteins and supplies a quart of whole milk to each child in school, as well as an average of 25 patients at the general hospital. Extra milk is also provided for all underweight children both at the school and the general hospital. The reduction applied in 1934 to this school was continued through 1936. The superintendent reported the necessity of rejecting applications from many needy pupils children who had been recommended for institutional care by social workers and others, and funds were allowed for an additional 25 pupils in 1937. Further studies indicate that provision should be made for at least 25 additional institutional cases from the Minnesota area-children who this year could not be provided for. This request should not be construed as an attempt to build up the boarding school enrollment. It is an effort to provide suitable educational opportunities for a group of children now denied these opportunities. The following comparative statement is offered: Repairs and improvements, $16,000 (increase, $1,000).-The Pipestone School was established in 1892. The farm and campus consists of 648.2 acres and the school plant of 42 buildings, the real property being valued at $536,000. This includes a health unit consisting of a general hospital, nurses' quarters, and garage valued at $85,000. Each year it is essential that an extensive repair program be carried on for the preservation of the school plant. These repairs include the painting of buildings both inside and out, the repair and painting of roofs and gutters, and the overhauling of the lighting, water, steam, and sewer systems. The dormitory buildings are old and constant repairs are required to floors, woodwork, and plaster. Each year it is necessary, owing to the number of years that the central heating plant has been in operation and to the chemical action of the water on the flues and interior of the boilers, that a complete overhauling be given this plant so as to place it in proper condition to carry the heavy load that is imposed upon it during the cold winter months. While no major items are proposed for 1938, the age and condition of this plant requires careful planning of the repair program, and even then much needed work has to be postponed from year to year. On the basis of the $16,000 requested for 1938, not more than $12,000 will be available for actual repair work after deducting the superintendent's salary and drayage costs. Student labor cannot be used to any great extent because of the age of the majority of pupils enrolled. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, $3,000.-This money is received from various sources and is used for purchase and repair of farm machinery and for other school purposes, chiefly in connection with the school farm and dairy. Mr. DODD. In this estimate we are providing for an increase of 25 pupils at $305 per capita, and 10 more pupils in the upper grades at $50 each. This is one of the schools that takes care of a number of young children, orphans, or semiorphans, that require institutional care. We have the capacity there, and there is need for providing for these children. We are also asking for a $1,000 increase in the repairs and improvements fund. We are unable to keep many of these old buildings in proper repair, and we have made an increase in the estimate for that purpose. CARSON CITY, NEV., SCHOOL Mr. JOHNSON. The next item is for 525 pupils at Carson City, Nev., $186,500. Mr. DODD. We submit the following justification in support of that item: Support, $168,500.-This estimate is based on 525 pupils at $290, plus $50 for 325 pupils above the sixth grade. This provides for the same number of pupils as authorized for 1937. The work covers elementary grades from the first through the sixth, the three junior high-school grades, and a full senior high-school course. The enrollment at this school, the only one of its kind operated by the Govern ment within the State, is drawn from Nevada reservations; the Sacramento and Hoopa Valley jurisdictions, California; and from other reservations in nearby States. This was formerly a school with only 10 grades and an extremely limited voca tional program. There was little or no contact between the school and the Indian communities in which the children are almost certain to pass their adult lives. A reorganization of the program has added the eleventh and twelfth grades. It places strong emphasis on vocational work of a practical character, designed to fit these young people for successful and happy futures in the rural communities from which they come and to which most of them will return. The program at this school is not to turn out skilled tradesmen, but to give girls all kinds of practical help in relation to home making, infant care, and child training: and the boys a sufficient knowledge of carpentry and other building trades so that they can do construction work on their own ranches and have enough knowledge of mechanics to understand farm machinery, its use, its care, and its repair, and a thorough acquaintance with various branches of agricultural activities. The average daily attendance at this school was seriously interrupted by a fire that completely destroyed the boys' dormitory in February 1935, thus necessitating the return to their homes of a number of the pupils, while temporary facilities were provided for others in an old abandoned school, Through an allotment of Public Works funds new dormitory facilities have been constructed and will be occupied as soon as completely furnished. The following comparative statement is submitted: Repairs and improvements, $18,000 (increase $1,000).-The area of school land is 683 acres, and there are 58 separate buildings. The plant has an approximate valuation of $430,000. A number of the buildings are of substantial stone construction, but there still remain some old frame structures. General maintenance, including repairs and upkeep of water, sewer, light, heating systems, requires a considerable outlay each year. After deducting the superintendent's salary and drayage charges, less than $12,000 remains for maintenance of the plant. The old buildings must continue to be used and occupied, and are therefore in need of a great deal of repair and remodeling. The frame structures are a constant source of worry because of the fire hazard. Some of the wiring has been changed in recent years, but all of it should be. That is only one of the many things that should be done, all of which come out of this fund. Water, sewer, and steam mains are also in need of constant maintenance, and sections of each should be replaced. The poor condition of the steam mains makes it difficult to heat some of the buildings during cold weather. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, $300.-This fund, derived from the sale of school products, will be used to purchase band and athletic equipment and to supplement other available funds for operation and maintenance of this institution. Physical improvements.-At the present time a gymnasium and quarters for personnel are being erected. These improvements were made possible through funds allotted to the Indian Service by the Public Works Administration. The water supply is also being improved through the drilling of a deep well and erection of a tank for storage purposes. Mr. DODD. We are asking for an increase of $1,000 in the repair and improvement fund. Here, again, many of the buildings are very old, and they are in constant need of repair. We have to take care of the most urgent items of repair as they occur from year to year. One of the most urgent and outstanding things at this time is the rehabilitation of the electric-wiring system. It has been condemned as unsafe, and yet we are not able to go in and make the repairs that are necessary. Another item that has been urged upon us most urgently by the superintendent of the school, and by others, is the total lack of office space. There is nothing in this budget for expanding the office. Nevertheless, there is a need for that expansion. ALBUQUERQUE, N. MEX., SCHOOL Mr. JOHNSON. The next item is for the Albuquerque School in New Mexico, $228,000. Mr. DODD. The following justification is submitted in support of this item: Support, $204,000. This estimate is based on 600 pupils at $340 per capita, including the $50 differential. All pupils will be in the upper grades. The appropriation for 1934 was based on 800 pupils. To meet required reductions only 725 were enrolled. The further reduction in numbers for 1935 was possible by reason of day-school construction in connection with the Public Works program. New day and high schools were authorized for several pueblos. The Taos, Zuni, and Isleta high schools are now in use, and increased high school and vocational facilities are anticipated on reservations from which the Albuquerque School has been drawing its students. It is felt that an authorized enrollment of 600 pupils will be entirely adequate for 1938. As the facilities mentioned above are developed further reduction in the Albuquerque Boarding School may be justified. Three-fourths of the pupils are enrolled from the Navajo Reservation and nearby pueblos, the remainder coming from the Hopi, Apacke, and other tribes of New Mexico and Arizona. With the expansion upward of day school facilities for pueblo children close to their own villages, the work of the Albuquerque School has become of higher grades, with specialization in suitable vocations. Instruction in agriculture, building, mechanical and other trades is offered for boys in the senior high school. Girls in the senior high school have work in home economics, and preliminary training is offered for those who desire to enter hospital training classes. There are also special courses for girls desiring to fit themselves as matrons, seamstresses, and cooks in the Indian Service. Navajo girls are taught blanket weaving and Pueblo girls pottery, embroidery, and weaving. The following comparison of attendance and appropriations is offered: |