5-2-18.

m.c.

PREFACE

TO THE SECOND EDITION

THIS edition of Juvenal's Satires, originally published in 1883, was intended for the higher Forms in Schools, and also for students at the Universities. The Notes, while taking account of any grammatical difficulties or peculiarities, deal more especially with the historical, social, and personal allusions with which every Satire, and almost every line, is crowded. These explanations, to be consistent with the size and scope of the book, have been briefly given; but as the latest and best authorities have been consulted, it is hoped that the information contained in them will be sufficient to make the text clear and intelligible, and also to excite some interest in young scholars for the social life at Rome under the early Empire. References to other classical authors are from want of space sparingly introduced, and are mainly confined to Horace, Martial, and Pliny. With regard to Martial, indeed, the light which he and Juvenal mutually throw upon one another is so instructive as to have justified, had space permitted, many more references than are given.

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The new edition claims to be an improvement upon the former one in several respects. In the first place, the Introduction has been completely rewritten. It now contains a somewhat elaborate discussion and criticism of the data for reconstructing Juvenal's life, which it is hoped will not be without interest. It also more briefly discusses the question as to Juvenal's place as a moralist, and how far his Satires really reflect the life of his times; while his rhetorical and declamatory tendencies are treated of in connection with Ribbeck's ingenious but hypercritical theory. Further, an account, which it is hoped will be found useful, has been given of the MSS. of Juvenal, and especially of the importance of P. and the so-called Florilegium Sangallense. An apparatus criticus, containing all the more important differences of reading, has also been inserted at the bottom of each page. With regard to the text itself, this edition may fairly claim to be the only one published in England which contains all the recent improvements which during the last few years have been made owing to the labours of Beer and Bücheler. An idea of the number and value of these improvements will be gained from the list given on page lxiii.

The Notes, too, have been submitted to a careful revision; many additional references have been given; and while the more difficult passages have received fuller treatment in the light of recent suggestions, about 20 pages of fresh matter have been inserted.

The general result of the changes made in this edition will be, it is hoped, that while the book will

be not less useful than before for Schools and for candidates for Pass-Examinations, it will be found also a useful help in preparing for Honour Moderation at Oxford, most of the new matter having been incorporated from Lectures given to candidates for this School. The best men will, it need hardly be said, read Professor Mayor's admirable commentary, to which every smaller and less ambitious edition must be indebted at every turn, but to the large number who cannot spare so much time as that involves on a single book, it is hoped that this edition will now give all the needful assistance.

Lists of the principal authorities used will be found in their proper places in the Introduction on pages lv and lxii.

OXFORD, February 1890.

E. G. H.