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ing, the most exquifite tortures; and the common people of all countries are delighted with nothing fo much as bull-baitings, prize-fightings, executions, and all fpectacles of cruelty and horror. Though civilization may in fome degree abate this native ferocity, it can never quite extirpate it: the most polished are not ashamed to be pleafed with fcenes of little lefs barbarity, and, to the difgrace of human nature, to dignify them with the name of fports. They arm cocks with artificial weapons, which nature had kindly denied to their malevolence, and, with fhouts of applause and thu ph, fee them plunge them into each other's hearts: they view with delight the trembling deer and defencelefs hare, flying for hours in the utmolt agonies of terror and defpair, and at laft, inking under fatigue, devoured by their mercile's purfuers: they fee with joy the beautiful pheafant and harmless partridge drop from their flight, weltering in their blood, or perhaps perifhing with wourds and hunger, under the cover of fome friendly thicket to which they have in vain retreated for fafety: they triumph over the unfufpecting fith, whom they have decoyed by an infidicus pretence of feeding, and drag him from his native element by a hook fixed to and tearing out his entrails: and, to add to all this, they fpare neither labour nor expence to preferve and propagate thefe innocent animals, for no other end but to multiply the objects of their perfecution.

What name should we bestow on a fuperior being, whofe whole endeavours were employed, and whofe whole pleasure confilted, in terrifying, enfaring, tormenting, and deftroying mankind? whofe fuperior faculties were exerted in fomenting animofities among it them, in contriving engines of deftruction, and inciting them to ufe them in maiming and murdering each other? whofe power over them was employed in auiting the rapacious, deceiving the fimple, and cpprefling the innocent? who, without provocation or advantage, fhould continue from day to day, void of all pity and remorfe, thus to torment mankind for diversion, and at the fame time endeavour with his utmost care to preferve their lives, and to propagate their fpecies, in order to increase the number of victims devoted to his malevolence, and be delighted in proportion to the miferies he occañoned I fay, what name deteftable e..ough could we find for fuch a being yet, if we impartially confider the cafe,

and our intermediate fituation, we mak acknowledge, that, with regard to inferior animals, just fuch a being is a sportsman. Jenyni.

157. On the Duties of School Bey:, fræ

the pious and judicious ROLLIN." Quinctilian fays, that he has included almost all the duty of scholars in this one piece of advice which he gives them, to love thofe who teach them, as they love the fciences which they learn of them; and to look upon them as fathers, from whom they derive not the life of the body, but that inftruction which is in a manner the life of the foul. Indeed this fentiment of affection and refpect fuffices to make them apt to learn during the time of their ftudies, and full of gratitude all the ref of their lives. It seems to me to include a great part of what is to be expected from them.

Docility, which confifts in fubmitting to directions, in readily receiving the in tions of their mafters, and reducing the to practice, is properly the virtue of fcho lars, as that of mafters is to teach we The one can do nothing without the other; and as it is not fufficient for a labourer fow the feed, unless the earth, after having opened its bofom to receive it, in a m ner hatches, warms, and moiftens it; likewife the whole fruit of inftruction depends upon a good correspondence between the masters and the scholars.

Gratitude for those who have labour! in our education, is the character of honeft man, and the mark of a gord heart. Who is there among us, fays C cero, that has been inftructed with care, that is not highly delighted with fight, or even the bare remembrance a his preceptors, mafters, and the pace where he was taught and brought Seneca exhorts young men to preferve ways a great refpect for their mailers, whole care they are indebted for the mendment of their faults, and for by imbibed fentiments of honour and prot Their exactnefs and feverity difplat fometimes at an age when we are not in condition to judge of the obligation t owe to them; but when years have ripe ed our understanding and judgment, then difcern that what made us di them, I mean admonitions, reprinaces and a fevere exactnefs in refraining paffions of an imprudent and inconfiderat age, is exprefsly the very thing w fhould make us efteem and love them

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Thus we fee that Marcus Aurelius, one of the wifeft and moft illuftrious emperors that Rome ever had, thanked the gods for two things efpecially-for his having had excellent tutors himself, and that he had found the like for his children.

Quinctilian, after having noted the different characters of the mind in children, draws, in a few words, the image of what he judged to be a perfect fcholar; and certainly it is a very amiable one: "For my part," fays he, "I like a child who is encouraged by commendation, is animated by a fenfe of glory, and weeps when he is outdone. A noble emulation will always keep him in exercife, a reprimand will touch him to the quick, and honour will serve instead of a fpur. We need not fear that fuch a scholar will ever give himself up to fullenness." Mihi ille detur puer, quem laus excitet, quem gloria juvet, qui virtus fleat. Hic erit alendus ambitu: hunc mordebit objurgatio: hunc honor excitabit: in hoc defidiam nunquam vere

bor.

How great a value foever Quinctilian fets upon the talents of the mind, he esteems thofe of the heart far beyond them, and looks upon the others as of no value without them. In the fame chapter from whence I took the preceding words, he declares, he should never have a good opinion of a child, who placed his ftudy in occafioning laughter, by mimicking the behaviour, mien, and faults of others; and he presently gives an admirable reason for it: "A child," fays he, "cannot be truly ingenious, in my opinion, unlefs he be good and virtuous; otherwife, I fhould ra. ther choose to have him dull and heavy than of a bad difpofition." Non dabit fpem bonæ indolis, qui hoc imitandi ftudio petit, ut rideatur. Nam probus quoque imprimis erit ille vere ingeniofus: alioqui non pejus duxerim tardi effe ingenii, quam mali.

He difplays to us all thefe talents in the eldeft of his two children, whofe character he draws, and whofe death he laments in fo eloquent and pathetic a ftrain, in the beautiful preface to his fixth book. I fhall beg leave to infert here a small extract of it, which will not be ufelefs to the boys, as they will find it a model which fuits well with their age and condition.

After having mentioned his younger fon, who died at five years old, and defcribed the graces and beauties of his countenance, the prettiness of his expreflions, the vivacity of his understanding, which began to

fhine through the veil of childhood; "I had ftill left me, fays he, my fon Quinctilian, in whom I placed all my pleasure and all my hopes, and comfort enough I might have found in him: for, having now entered into his tenth year, he did not produce only bloffoms like his younger brother, but fruits already formed, and beyond the power of difappointment.-I have much experience; but I never faw in any child, I do not fay only fo many excellent difpofitions for the fciences, nor fo much taste, as his mafters know, but fo much probity, fweetnefs, good-nature, gentleness, and inclination to please and oblige, as I difcerned in him.

"Besides this, he had all the advantages of nature, a charming voice, a pleafing countenance, and a furprising facility in pronouncing well the two languages, as if he had been equally born for both of them.

"But all this was no more than hopes. I fet a greater value upon his admirable virtues, his equality of temper, his refolution, the courage with which he bore up against fear and pain; for, how were his phyficians aftonished at his patience under a distemper of eight months continuance, when at the point of death he comforted me himself, and bade me not to weep for him! and delirious as he fometimes was at his laft moments, his tongue ran of nothing elfe but learning and the fciences: O vain and deceitful hopes !" &c.

Are there many boys amongst us, of whom we can truly fay fo much to their advantage, as Quinctilian fays here of his fon? What a fhame would it be for them, if, born and brought up in a Chriftian country, they had not even the virtues of Pagan children! I make no fcruple to repeat them here again-docility, obedience, refpect for their mafters, or rather a degree of affection, and the fource of an eternal gratitude; zeal for study, and a wonderful thirst after the fciences, joined to an abhorrence of vice and irregularity; an admirable fund of probity, goodness, gentlenefs, civility, and liberality; as alto patience, courage, and greatnefs of foul in the courfe of a long ficknefs. What then was wanting to all thefe virtues -That which alone could render them truly worthy the name, and must be in a manner the foul of them, and conftitute their whole value, the precious gift of faith and piety; the faving knowledge of a Mediator; a fincere defire of pleafing God, and referring all our actions to him.

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APPEN

APPENDIX.

To accustom young People to the innocent and agreeable Employment of obferving Nature, it was judged proper to infert the following, as affording them an ufeful MODEL, and much valuable Information.

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4. WOOD LARK, 69.2. Alauda arborea, fings. Elder tree, 461. Sambucus nigra, f.

12. ROOKS, 39.3. Corvus frugilegus, begin to pair.

GEESE, 136.1. Anas, anjer, begin to lay.

WAGTAIL WHITE, 75.1. Motacilla alba, appears.

The wagtail is faid by Willughby to remain with us all the year in the fevereft weather. It feems to me to fhift its quarters at least, if it does not go out of England. However, it is certainly a bird of paffage in fome countries, if we can believe Aldrovandus, the author of the Swedish Calen dar, and the author of the treatife De Migrationibus Avium. Linnaeus observes, S. N. Art. Motacilla, that most birds which live upon infects, and not grains, migrate.

16. THRUSH.

February

16. THRUSH, 64.2. Turdus muficus, fings.

• CHAFFINCH, 88. Fringilla calebs, fings.

20. Thermometer, 11. Higheft this month. Thermometer,- 2. Lowest this month.

22. PARTRIDGES, 57. Tetrao perdix, begin to pair. Hafel tree, 439. Corylus avellana, F.

25. Gooseberry bush, 1484. H. Ribes groffularia, 1. both young plants.
Currant, red, 456.1. Ribes rubrum, 1.

Thermometer from the 19th to the 25th, between 0 and - 1 with fnow.
Wind during the latter half of the month between E. and N.

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20. Vernal equinox.

21. Grafs, fcurvy, 302.1. Cochlearia officinalis, F. Afp, 446.3. Populus tremula, F.

26. Speedwell, germander, 279.4. Veronica agreftis, F. Alder, 442. Alnus betula, F.

28. Violet, fweet, 364.2. Viola odorata, F.

Parfnep, cow, 205. Heracleum phondylium, E.
Pilewort, 296. Ranunculus ficaria, F.
Thermometer, 25.50. Higheft this month.
29. Cherry tree, 463. Prunus cerafus, B.
Currant bufh, 456.1. Ribes rubrum, B.
Primrofe, 284.1. Primula veris, F.
Yew tree, 445. Taxus baccata, F.
Elder, water, 460. Viburnum opulus, B.
Thorn, haw, 453.3. Crataegus oxyacantha, B.
Larch tree, 1405. H. Pinus larix, B.
Hornbeam, 451. Carpinus offrya, B.
Tanfy, 188. Tanacetum vulgare, E.

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Linnæus fays, that the female chaffinch goes to Italy alone, through Holland; and that the male in the fpring, changing its note, foretells the fummer: and Gefner, ornithol. p. 388. fays that the female chaffinch difappears in Switzerland in the winter, but not the male.

Pliny, nat. hift. lib. 11. S. 5. fays, that bees do not come out of their hives before May 11. and feems to blame Ariftotle for laying that they come out in the beginning of spring, i, e. March 12.

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1. Apricot,

April

1. Apricot, 1533. H. Prunus Armeniaca, F.
Narciffus, pale, 371.2. Narciffus pfeudonar.
3. Holly, 466.1. Ilex aquifolium, f.
Bramble, 467.1. Rubus fruticofus, L.
Rafberry bufh, 467.4. Rubus idaeus, L.
Currants, red, 456. Ribes rubrum, F.
Dandelion, 170.1. Leontodon taraxicum, E.
Cleavers, 225. Galium aparine, E.

4. Lauruftinus, 1690. H. Viburnum tinus, F.
APPLE TREE, 451.1,2. Pyrus malus, B.
Orpine, 269.1. Sedum telephium, B.
Briar, 454.1. Rofa canina, L.

6. Gooseberry, 1489. H. Ribes groffularia, f.
Maple, 470.2. Acer campestre, B.

Peach, 1515. H. Amygdalus Perfica, L. et F.
Apricot, 1533. H. Malus Armeniaca, L.
Plum tree, 462. Prunus præcox, L.
Pear tree, 452. Pyrus communis, B.

* SWALLOW, 71.2. Hirundo urbica, return?.
7. Filberd, 439. Corylus avellana, L.
Salix, L.

Sallow

Alder, 442.1. Betula alnus, 1.
Lilac, 1763. Syringa vulgaris, 1.
Oak, 440.1. Quercus, robur, f.

Willow, weeping, Salix Babylonica, b.
8. Juniper, 444. Juniperus communis, b.
9. Lilac, 1763. Syringa vulgaris, b.

Sycamore, 470. Acer pfeudoplatanus, L.
Wormwood, 188.1. Artemifia abfinthium, E.
+ NIGHTINGALE, 78. Motacilla lufcinia, fings.
Auricula, 1082. H. Primula auricula, b.

10. Bay, 1688. H. Laurus nobilis, L.

Hornbeam, 451. Carpinus betulus, b.
Willow, white, 447.1. Salix alba, b.
BEES about the male fallows.

Feverfew, 187.1. Matricaria Parthenium, E.
Dandelion, 170.1. Leontodon taraxicum, E.
Hound's tongue, 226.1. Cynogloffum officinale, E.
Elm, 468. Ulmus, campestris, I.

ANEMONE, wood, 259. Anemone nemorofa, F.
Jack in the hedge, 291. Eryfimum alliaria, E.
Quince tree, 1452. H. Pyrus cydonia, L.

11. Elder, water, 460. Viburnum opulus, L.

* According to Ptolemy, swallows return to Egypt about the latter end of January.
+ From morn 'till eve, 'tis mufic all around;

Nor doft thou, Philomel, difdain to join,
Even in the mid-day glare, and aid the quire.
But thy fweet fong calls for an hour apart,
When folemn Night beneath his canopy,
Enrich'd with ftars, by Silence and by Sleep
Attended, fits and nods in awful state;
Or when the Moon in her refulgent car,
Triumphant rides amidst the filver clouds,
Tinging them as the paffes, and with rays
Of mildeft luftre gilds the fcene below;

While zephyrs bland breathe thro' the thickening made,
With breath fo gentle, and fo foft, that e'en
The poplar's trembling leaf forgets to move,
And mimic with its found the vernal shower;
Then let me fit, and liften to thy ftrains, &c.

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11. Alder,

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