proviso that each one would be individually justified prior to the time that construction was undertaken, and there was a further proviso that all of the projects would not exceed $15 million in total construction costs.

Senator ELLENDER. You mean the entire number of 35?
Colonel STARBIRD. The entire number, of about 35, sir.

LOCAL CONTRIBUTION

Senator DwORSHAK. Is there a local contribution involved in these? Colonel STARBIRD. There is local cooperation involved here. It is in the form of the normal four elements of cooperation as required at present for local protection projects.

In the case of the Teton River project, that is estimated as $6,800, plus an anual $6,600 for maintenance and operation.

In the case of the Portneuf project, the estimated cost to local interests is $338,000 for the work they will undertake, exclusive of maintenance and operation.

Senator DWORSHAK. What is the total cost of that project then? Colonel STARBIRD. The total cost of the Portneuf project is $1,186,000.

Senator ELLENDER. I wonder if you would be good enough to do for the projects you are asking planning funds for, what you did for the others here, separate them?

In other words, you have two projects there. It would have been easy to mark out what the two projects are, what it will cost, and so forth, rather than leave it as we have it there, all together, with the total overall cost of $15 million.

Colonel STARBIRD. I will insert that detail in the record, sir. (The information referred to follows:)

The allocation of $75,000 for advance engineering and design in fiscal year 1955 on the project, Columbia River local protection is broken down to units as follows:

Senator ELLENDER. You say now that out of the $75,000 you are asking, that $35,000 is going to be used for further study?

Colonel STARBIRD. For investigation of other projects, to establish their economic justification.

Senator DwORSHAK. You have not as yet selected them?
Colonel STARBIRD. We do not have them all finally selected, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. You have 35. You have selected 35 already; have you not?

Colonel STARBIRD. The 35 is the total number of projects, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. But they are not all to be built unless they can be justified?

Colonel STARBIRD. That is correct, sir, absolutely.

Senator ELLENDER. All right.

General CHORPENING. That was the particular arrangement in the authorization in this case.

Senator ELLENDER. That is a peculiar way, I might say, to get authorization for projects. I thought that before Congress authorized a project that each project had to be thoroughly described, a costbenefit ratio had to be established and everything else. Here we have 35 separate projects and we are told that you must make a further study as to whether or not they are justified. Is that right?

General CHORPENING. That is correct.

Senator ELLENDER. And the total cost cannot exceed $15 million. General CHORPENING. That is correct.

Senator DwORSHAK. This program will cover a good many years. Approximately how many years will this $15 million program cover? Colonel STARBIRD. I cannot give you the exact answer to that, sir. Senator DWORSHAK. At the rate you are going it would take 15 or

20 years.

Colonel STARBIRD. We have not started construction yet, sir. This is an authorization of 1950. We are still in the planning stage on it. Senator DwORSHAK. What happens, Colonel, if the local interests are unable or unwilling to provide the participating funds for a project like this?

Colonel STARBIRD. In this case, the participation is in the form of work that they are to achieve themselves. If they do not give us satisfactory assurances prior to the time the project is to be initiated for construction, we, of course, will not initiate construction.

Senator DwORSHAK. Do you have a written agreement on that? Colonel STARBIRD. We get a written agreement prior to the time that we go into construction.

Senator ELLENDER. Which are the two projects that you have decided now are feasible?

Colonel STARBIRD. The Portneuf project and the Teton River project.

Senator ELLENDER. Which other 2 or 3 will you study further?
Colonel STARBIRD. I will insert that in the record, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. All right.

(The information referred to follows:)

It is planned at present that funds in the amount of $35,000 allocated for justification reports would be utilized for economic studies on the following locations:

Kendrick, Potlatch River, Idaho

Little Wood River, Carey, Idaho

Malheur levees and channel, Malheur River, Oreg.

Blackfoot River, Idaho

Fouchet River levees, Washington

Senator DwORSHAK. What is the nature of the Teton River floodcontrol project?

Colonel STARBIRD. The Teton project, sir, is one in the lower reaches of the Teton River. That river is a north branch of the Snake River. There is an extensive area there where the river overflows nearly every year an area of agriculture and a small area of urban land. The work itself will involve the stabilization of the flow of the streams concerned.

Senator DWORSHIAK. What is the next project?

SOUTH BELOIT, ROCK RIVER, ILL.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project, sir, is the South Beloit project. It is a local protection project in the State of Illinois, just south of the Wisconsin line. We have had no funds appropriated on this project to date.

The amount recommended for fiscal 1955 is $10,000. This will bring this very small project to a status where it is ready for construction.

The benefit-to-cost ratio of this project is 5.1 to 1.

SNY BASIN, ILL.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project is the Sny Basin project, sir. It is a project to protect an extensive agricultural area and area of small communities along the east bank of the Mississippi River.

The project has had appropriated for planning $518,700 to date. The amount recommended for fiscal year 1955 is $60,000. The project has a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.75 to 1. The sum recommended in 1955 will bring the project to a construction status.

Senator ELLENDER. What will that consist of? Will it consist of reservoirs?

Colonel STARBIRD. This is largely a system for carrying water, which originates in the highlands above, and to safely carry that water through this area, whereas up until this time a large part of it has been impounded in the rich agricultural and the urban areas for extended periods of time.

LEVEE CHANNELS

Senator ELLENDER. Will you build levees to confine it?

Colonel STARBIRD. We will build leveed channels to carry the water of the streams which flow in from the upland area through the developed area and into the Mississippi. In addition, we will install certain pumping plants which will operate to remove waters the leveed channels cannot handle.

Senator ELLENDER. Would these be in the nature of drainage canals! Canals through farmlands?

Colonel STARBIRD. They are more flood-control canals than drainage canals, sir. We usually think of drainage as being the canals to carry off the water from particular lands, that ponds as a result of water falling on that land.

In this case the project is largely one to take water, that falls in the upland area and now flows down into the developed area, safely through this agricultural area and into the Mississippi River.

Senator ELLENDER. What would be the local contribution there? Colonel STARBIRD. The local contribution here is in the form of the work given to comply with the four normal assurances. The estimated cost to local interests is $1,688,000, exclusive of maintenance and operation.

GREENFIELD BAYOU LEVEE, INDIANA

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project is the Greenfield Bayou levee project on the Wabash River, sir. No planning has been done on this project to date.

Twenty thousand dollars is recommended for fiscal year 1955. This will not bring the project to construction status. About $35,000 more will be needed in later years. The project has a benefit-to-cost ratio of 3.7 to 1.

It is basically a project for the improvement and extension of existing levees, to give protection to an agricultural area of slightly over 11,000 acres.

Local interests will furnish the normal cooperation in this case. Senator ELLENDER. What is the local contribution?

Colonel STARBIRD. It is a contribution in the form of the normal work to be achieved by them. It has an estimated cost of $265,000. Senator ELLENDER. This is more or less levee improvement? Colonel STARBIRD. This is levee improvement and extension, sir.

MANSFIELD RESERVOIR, IND.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project is a reservoir project on the Wabash River. It is the first of the reservoirs on that river. The Wabash is a river that has extensive downstream improvements, and the downstream improvement is based on securing certain upstream control. This reservoir has had $45,500 in planning funds to date; $70,000 additional are recommended for fiscal year 1955, which will bring the project to construction status. The project has a benefitcost ratio of 1.4 to 1.

Senator DwORSHAK. What is the local contribution?

Colonel STARBIRD. There is none in this case. This is a flood-control reservoir project and a local contribution is not required in connection with such projects.

Senator ELLENDER. This is strictly for flood control?

Colonel STARBIRD. This is strictly a flood-control reservoir.

BUCKHORN RESERVOIR, KY.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project, sir, is also a reservoir project, the Buckhorn Reservoir on the Kentucky River. This reservoir has had no funds for planning appropriated to date.

Forty thousand dollars are recommended for fiscal year 1955. Approximately $150,000 additional will be needed to bring the project to construction status.

The project has a benefit to cost ratio of 1.3 to 1. It is purely a flood-control reservoir, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. Are there any local contributions required? Colonel STARBIRD. There are no local contributions required, sir.

JACKSON CUTOFF PROJECT, KENTUCKY

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project is the Jackson Cutoff project, a very small cutoff opposite the city of Jackson on the Kentucky River. This project has had $1,900 appropriated to date; $12,000 additional are recommended for fiscal year 1955, which will bring the project to construction status. The project has a benefit to cost ratio of 1.5 to 1. The normal local assurance is called for in this case. Senator ELLENDER. That is a levee project, is it not?

Colonel STARBIRD. No, sir; it is the excavation of a cutoff channel which will cut off an extensive loop in the river which is opposite the city of Jackson.

BUFFUMVILLE RESERVOIR, MASS.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project is a reservoir project, the Buffumville Reservoir, in Massachusetts. It is one of seven authorized reservoirs on the Thames River. Only one of the seven has been constructed to date. The project has had appropirated for planning $114,700. Twenty-five thousand dollars additional is recommended for fiscal year 1955. Approximately $55,000 will be needed in later years to complete planning and bring the project to construction status. The project has a benefit to cost ratio of 1.5 to 1. It is a flood-control reservoir.

Senator DWORSHAK. Is there any local cooperation on this project? Colonel STARBIRD. No local contribution, sir.

POMME DE TERRE RESERVOIR, Mo.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next project is the Pomme de Terre Reservoir, on the Pomme de Terre River, a tributary of the Osage, in Missouri.

The project has had appropriated to date $529,500 for planning. The amount recommended for fiscal year 1955 is $15,000, which will bring the project to construction status.

The project has a benefit to cost ratio of 1.29 to 1. It is a floodcontrol reservoir with no local contribution.

Senator DwORSHAK. Have we had disasterous floods on that? Colonel STARBIRD. We have had repeated flooding. At the city of Hermitage, for example, there have been 58 floods in 32 years.

In the flood of 1943, a large hydroelectric plant, the Bagnell plant on the Osage River, was badly threatened, and emergency measures had to be taken to keep the plant in operation.

The project will give protection not only to the Osage, but downstream on the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers.

BILLINGS, MONT.

Colonel STARBIRD. The next is a small local protection project in Billings, Mont. It is a project that has had no funds appropriated to date. Twenty-five thousand dollars are recommended for fiscal year 1955, and an additional sum of approximately that amount will be necessary to bring the project to construction status.

The project has a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.35 to 1. The assurances in this case would provide for the normal cooperation, which has an estimated cost of $291,900, to local interests.

Senator DwORSHAK. On what river is that?

Colonel STARBIRD. It is on the Yellowstone River, although it protects against flows in that river and flows from tributary streams that enter the Yellowstone through the city of Billings.