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Yet in this deep suspicion rest thou not
Contented, unless she assure thee so,
Who betwixt truth and mind infuses light:
I know not if thou take me right; I mean
Beatrice. Her thou shalt behold above,
Upon this mountain's crown, fair seat of joy."
Then I "Sir! let us mend our speed; for now
I tire not as before: and lo! the hill

Stretches its shadow far." He answered thus:
"Our progress with this day shall be as much
As we may now dispatch; but otherwise
Than thou supposest is the truth.

For there

Thou canst not be, ere thou once more behold
Him back returning, who behind the steep
Is now so hidden, that, as erst, his beam
Thou dost not break. But lo! a spirit there
Stands solitary, and toward us looks:
It will instruct us in the speediest way."
We soon approached it. O thou Lombard spirit!
How didst thou stand, in high abstracted mood,
Scarce moving with slow dignity thine eyes.

It spoke not aught, but let us onward pass,
Eying us as a lion on his watch.

But Virgil, with entreaty mild, advanced,
Requesting it to show the best ascent.

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It answer to his question none returned;

But of our country and our kind of life

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Demanded. When my courteous guide began,

"Mantua," the shadow, in itself absorbed,

Rose towards us from the place in which it stood,

And cried, "Mantuan! I am thy countryman,

Sordello." Each the other then embraced.

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Ah, slavish Italy! thou inn of grief!

Vessel without a pilot in loud storm!
Lady no longer of fair provinces,

But brothel-house impure! this gentle spirit,
Even from the pleasant sound of his dear land
Was prompt to greet a fellow citizen

With such glad cheer: while now thy living ones

52. Since the Poets are going from east to west, the mountain could stand between them and the sun (thus "stretching its shadow far") only toward evening.

55. Dante thought he could reach the summit before night. We shall see that it took several days to do this.

57. The sun.

"A guisa di leon quando si posa."

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On his watch is not a good translation of si posa = lies at rest, couches.

75. A troubadour who flourished in the first half of the thirteenth century. Dante praises him in the De Vulg. Eloq. i. 15, for abandoning the dialect of his native province: "qui tantus eloquentiæ vir existens non solum in poetando, sed quo

66. The original is a line of impressive modolibet loquendo, patrium vulgare deseruit." beauty,

82. Cf. Milton,

In thee abide not without war; and one
Malicious gnaws another; ay, of those
Whom the same wall and the same moat contains.
Seek, wretched one! around thy sea-coasts wide;
Then homeward to thy bosom turn; and mark,
If any part of thee sweet peace enjoy.
What boots it, that thy reins Justinian's hand
Refitted, if thy saddle be unprest?

Naught doth he now but aggravate thy shame.
Ah, people! thou obedient still shouldst live,
And in the saddle let thy Cæsar sit,

If well thou marked'st that which God commands.

From having lost correction of the spur,

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Look how that beast to felness hath relapsed,

Since to the bridle thou hast set thine hand,

O German Albert! who abandon'st her

That is grown savage and unmanageable,

When thou shouldst clasp her flanks with forked heels.

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Who carest for naught! those sunk in grief, and these
With dire suspicion racked. Come, cruel one!

Come, and behold the oppression of the nobles,
And mark their injuries; and thou mayst see
What safety Santafiore can supply.

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101. Allusion to the murder of Albert by his nephew, John, surnamed the parricide, in 1308.

103. Thy successor = Henry VII. of Luxembourg. From him the Poet hoped for the deliverance of Italy, but having come to Italy and having been crowned in Rome in 1312, the emperor died the following year, thus putting an end to Dante's hopes.

104. Sire= Rudolph, who likewise had neglected to visit Italy.

107. The Poet mentions certain families at feud with each other, as a sample of the condition of things in all parts of Italy. The Capulets and Montagues lived in Verona; the Filippeschi and Monaldi in Orvieto.

113. Santafiore is a county in the Maremma of Siena. According to some, Dante alludes to the country here infested with robbers; according to others, he refers to the Counts of Santafiore, who in the year 1300 suffered serious losses.

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Thanks to thy people, who so wisely speed.

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Many have justice in their heart, that long
Waiteth for counsel to direct the bow,
Or ere it dart unto its aim: but thine
Have it on their lip's edge. Many refuse
To bear the common burdens: readier thine
Answer uncalled, and cry, "Behold I stoop!'
Make thyself glad, for thou hast reason now,
Thou wealthy! thou at peace! thou wisdom-fraught!
Facts best will witness if I speak the truth.
Athens and Lacedæmon, who of old
Enacted laws, for civil arts renowned,
Made little progress in improving life

Towards thee, who usest such nice subtlety,
That to the middle of November scarce
Reaches the thread thou in October weavest.

How many times within thy memory,

Customs, and laws, and coins, and offices

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Have been by thee renewed, and people changed.
If thou remember'st well and canst see clear,
Thou wilt perceive thyself like a sick wretch,
Who finds no rest upon her down, but oft
Shifting her side, short respite seeks from pain.

120. The original, "O sommo Giove," illustrates the strange mingling of mythology with Christianity in the Divine Comedy.

127. Marcellus was consul at the outbreak of war between Pompey and Cæsar, and chief opponent of the latter.

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time for deliberation and making laws: not so Florence.

135. Many people refuse to assume the public offices, when asked; the Florentines are eager to obtain them.

145. The laws and statutes made in October 129. The following passage is full of bitterest are already overturned in November. All this irony.

132. The inhabitants of other cities have desire for justice in their hearts, but take

refers to the constant change of laws, parties, and magistrates, which existed in Florence more than in any other city in Italy.

CANTO VII.

ARGUMENT.

The approach of night hindering further ascent, Sordello conducts our Poets apart to an eminence, from whence they behold a pleasant recess, in form of a flowery valley, scooped out of the mountain; where are many famous spirits, and among them the Emperor Rudolph, Ottocar, King of Bohemia, Philip III. of France, Henry of Navarre, Peter III. of Aragon, Charles I. of Naples, Henry III. of England, and William, Marquis of Montferrat.

AFTER their courteous greetings joyfully

Seven times exchanged, Sordello backward drew
Exclaiming, "Who are ye?"

"Before this mount

By spirits worthy of ascent to God

Was sought, my bones had by Octavius' care
Been buried. I am Virgil; for no sin
Deprived of heaven, except for lack of faith."
So answered him in few my gentle guide.

As one, who ought before him suddenly
Beholding, whence his wonder riseth, cries,
"It is, yet is not," wavering in belief;
Such he appeared; then downward bent his eyes,
And, drawing near with reverential step,
Caught him, where one of mean estate might clasp
His lord. "Glory of Latium!" he exclaimed,
"In whom our tongue its utmost power displayed;
Boast of my honored birth-place! what desert
Of mine, what favor, rather, undeserved,
Shows thee to me? If I to hear that voice
Am worthy, say if from below thou comest,
And from what cloister's pale.".
Of that sad region," he replied, “thus far
Am I arrived, by heavenly influence led:
And with such aid I come. Not for my doing,
But for not doing, have I lost the sight

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Through every orb

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Of that high Sun, whom thou desirest, and who

By me too late was known. There is a place
There underneath, not made by torments sad,
But by dun shades alone; where mourning's voice
Sounds not of anguish sharp, but breathes in sighs.

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2. Seven is here used for many, a definite body had been transported by order of Augustus number for an indefinite.

3. Before the death and resurrection of Christ none were saved; hence Purgatory was still uninhabited by the souls of those who should purge away their sins on its terraces.

5. Virgil had died at Brundisium, and his

to Naples.

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Followed them all. But, if thou know'st, and canst,
Direct us how we soonest may arrive,

Where Purgatory its true beginning takes."

He answered thus: "We have no certain place
Assigned us upwards I may go, or round.
Far as I can, I join thee for thy guide.
But thou beholdest now how day declines;
And upwards to proceed by night, our power
Excels therefore it may be well to choose
A place of pleasant sojourn. To the right
Some spirits sit apart retired. If thou
Consentest, I to these will lead thy steps:

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And thou wilt know them, not without delight."

"How chances this?" was answered: "whoso wished

To ascend by night, would he be thence debarred

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By other, or through his own weakness fail?"

The good Sordello then, along the ground
Trailing his finger, spoke: “Only this line
Thou shalt not overpass, soon as the sun
Hath disappeared; not that aught else impedes
Thy going upwards, save the shades of night.
These, with the want of power, perplex the will.
With them thou haply mightst return beneath,
Or to and fro around the mountain's side
Wander, while day is in the horizon shut."

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My master straight, as wondering at his speech,
Exclaimed: "Then lead us quickly, where thou sayst
That, while we stay, we may enjoy delight."

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A little space we were removed from thence,
When I perceived the mountain hollowed out,
Even as large valleys hollowed out on earth.

"That way," the escorting spirit cried, "we go,
Where in a bosom the high bank recedes :
And thou await renewal of the day."

Betwixt the steep and plain, a crooked path
Led us traverse into the ridge's side,

Where more than half the sloping edge expires.

31. Unbaptized infants.

34. Faith, Hope, and Charity.

35. The four cardinal virtues, — Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance.

38. The gate of Purgatory proper. Dante and Virgil are still in Antepurgatory.

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cannot make a single step toward holiness, without the aid of the sun of righteousness, or illuminating grace. It is easy enough, however, to fall back to sin.

61. Virgil wonders, because, being a pagan, he cannot understand God's provisions for the

54. The allegory here is evident. The soul purgation of sin in man.

P

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