44.5 Anegam. Ranchería; United States Indian Service well on bank of main arroyo of the valley, 1.5 miles east of the village. On account of this well there is now permanent water, and people will be found here at all seasons of the year. Go south between represos. 46.5 Santa Rosa. Summer ranchería; United States Indian Service well on west bank of main arroyo of valley, half a mile east of village. On account of this well there is now permanent water, and people will be found here at all seasons of the year.

47.0 Fork. Keep to right due south in center of Santa Rosa Valley; road to left goes southeast through summer ranchería of Akchin; 19 miles to Cobabi. As Santa Rosa is one of the oldest and most important Papago settlements there are doubtless many other roads not shown on the map.

60.0 Reverse fork. Road from Covered Wells comes in on right. This is part of Pozo Blanco route of Tucson-Yuma road. (See p. 277.) It is possible to go to Horseshoe (Quijotoa post office), where there is a well and store, by taking this road and turning to the left about 3 miles out; the total distance is 5.5 miles. Horseshoe is the center of present mining activity in the Quijotoa Mountains, and roads lead to all the principal mines and prospects. These roads are not shown on the map. 61.0 Sikulhimakt, represo and some houses. Keep straight on south. A road goes southeast to Cobabi. This is part of the Pozo Blanco route of the Tucson-Yuma road. (See p. 277.) A road goes west to Horseshoe (5.5 miles).

67.0 Kvitatk. Summer ranchería; no permanent water. This is the more eastern of two rancherías near the abandoned well and ruined pumping plant of the old Weldon mine. The western ranchería is called, in Papago, "Vainomkux," which is translated roughly as "Iron Pipe." The whole locality is sometimes called "Pumphouse." From each ranchería there is a road to San Antone, winter ranchería, with three wells, on the site of the abandoned mining camp of Quijotoa. This place lies at the foot of the mountains between South Mountain and Ben Nevis Mountain. The Weldon mine, now abandoned, lies 2.5 miles up the canyon, and from the wells near by, roads lead over the mountain to Black Butte, winter ranchería and well. The condition of these roads is not known. Quijotoa mine, on the north side of Ben Nevis, is 5 miles from Kvitatk. The road goes through Iron Pipe and branches from the San Antone road 2 miles out of that village. A road also goes east 5.5 miles to Nolic, winter ranchería with wells, which lies just southeast of Cobabi Mountains, a small group of reddish, rugged mountains. Another road goes southeast 14 miles to Indian Oasis. (See p. 325.)

To continue to Tecolote go south from Kvitatk, avoiding the many forks and crossroads, and cross a low drainage divide. South of this divide the road stays on the east of the main arroyo of the valley, which gradually swings west to round the point of South Mountain. 76.5 Cross main Tucson-Yuma road about three-fourths of a mile west of the Geological Survey sign at Big Fields. As this crossroad was not seen in traveling from Big Fields to Copeka it is likely that this part of the road is little used, and travelers leaving Kvitatk will probably land at Big Fields. In this event they should go to the south side of Big Fields and take the Indian Oasis-Menegers Dam road (see p. 326) until they come into this road at mile 78.5.

78.5 Crossroads. Continue south. This is Indian Oasis-Menegers Dam road. (See p. 326.)

79.3 Crossroads. Continue south. This is Copeka-Kavolik road. (See p. 328.) 87.0 Tecolote. Summer ranchería; large represo in which there is water for several months after a rain; no permanent water. Tecolote is the center of a maze of roads, of which the principal one is the Indian Oasis-Kavolik-Tecolote route into Mexico (see p. 324); others are from and to the various near-by temporales and summer rancherías. Go south on west side of represo.

90.8 Crossroads. Continue south.

92.3 Pass temporal and houses on left; avoid numerous forks and continue south.

94.3 International boundary monument 151 about a mile to the left (east). Go south into cove between La Lesna and Cobota mountains.

94.6 Reverse fork. Road from La Lesna Mountains comes in on right. 99.0 Cobota ranchería.

102.0 Pozo San Luis. Winter ranchería; well and permanent water. From Pozo San Luis roads lead to all the principal points in Sonora.

POZO SAN LUIS, SONORA, TO CASA GRANDE BY WAY OF SANTA ROSA VALLEY AND JACKRABBIT (102 MILES)

[See pp. 303-305 for log in opposite direction]

Roads

0.0 Pozo San Luis. Winter ranchería; well and permanent water. lead to this place from all the principal points in Sonora. Go northeast.

3.0 Cobota ranchería. Go north between La Lesna and Cobota mountains into open plain.

7.4 Fork. Keep to right. Road to left goes to north end of La Lesna Mountains.

7.7 International boundary monument 151 about a mile to the right (east). Go north, avoiding numerous forks.

9.7 Temporal and houses on right.

11.2 Crossroads. Continue north.

15.0 Tecolote. Summer ranchería; large represo in which there is water for several months after a rain; no permanent water. Tecolote is the center of a maze of roads, of which the principal one is the Indian Oasis-Kavolik-Tecolote route into Mexico (see p. 324); others are from and to the various near-by temporales and rancherías. Go north on west side of represo and east of corral, bearing to east of Quijotoa Mountains, visible across the plain.

22.7 Crossroads.

p. 328.)

Continue north. This is Copeka-Kavolik road. (See

23.5 Crossroads. Continue north; this is Indian Oasis-Menegers Dam road. (See p. 326.)

25.5 Crossroads. Tucson-Yuma road about three-quarters of a mile west of the Geological Survey sign at Big Fields. As this crossroad was not seen in traveling from Big Fields to Copeka, it is likely that this part of the road is little used, and travelers leaving Tecolote may land in Big Fields. In this event they will find a road leading from the represo on the north side of Big Fields and rejoining this road at Kvitatk.

35.0 Kvitatk. Summer ranchería; no permanent water. This is the more eastern of two rancherías near the abandoned well and ruined pumping plant of the old Weldon mine. The western ranchería is called, in Papago, "Vainomkux," which is translated roughly as Iron Pipe." The whole locality is sometimes called "Pumphouse."

Avoid the numerous crossroads and forks and go north between the represos of Kvitatk on the west side of arroyo, which flows north. From this place to Anegam the road follows the center of Santa Rosa Valley; plains road, very muddy in wet weather. For roads out of Kvitatk see page 325.

41.0 Sikulhimakt, represo and some houses. Keep straight on north. (For roads out of this place see p. 278.)

42.0 Fork. Take left-hand road (north). (For right-hand road see p. 278.) 55.0 Reverse fork. (For road coming in on right see p. 304.)

55.5 Santa Rosa. Summer ranchería; United States Indian Service well on west bank of main arroyo of valley, half a mile east of village. On account of this well there is now permanent water and people will be found here at all seasons of the year. Avoiding forks and crossroads; go north.

57.5 Anegam. Summer ranchería; United States Indian Service well on bank of main arroyo of the valley, 1.5 miles east of the village. On account of this well there is now permanent water and people will be found here at all seasons of the year. Go north between represos and turn to right (northeast) along south bank of large arroyo.

63.0 Crossroads; turn to left (north).

70.0 Kukomalik. Winter ranchería; United States Indian Service well on left. Continue north through village with temporales on right.

70.7 End of village; road from Quajote (5 miles) comes in on left.

78.0 Turning Point mine at north end of Slate Mountains. Turn to right around point of the mountains. Various roads come in here.

p. 303.)

79.0 Jackrabbit mine, on hill south of road.

(See p. 303.)

(See

79.3 Reverse fork. Road comes in on left from Orizaba mine. 79.3 Reverse fork. Road comes in on right from United States Indian Service

well at Jackrabbit. Government employees and Indians dependent on this well for water form a new village which is replacing the old village of Taht Mahmeli.

80.1 Reverse fork. Road comes in on left from Orizaba mine (1.3 miles). 81.5 Fork. Keep to right; the road on left goes by way of Silver Reef mine and rejoins this road at Chiu-Chuschu. It is about the same length but has steeper grades.

88.6 Reverse fork. Road comes in from Armenta ranch.

91.0 Ko-Opke. Well and a few houses by large fields on right, mountains on the left.

93.5 Chiu-Chuschu. Winter ranchería; United States Indian Service well, good water. Go north through village on graded road. roads see p. 303.)

(For other

102.0 Casa Grande. Water supply, post office, hotels, supplies, automobile supplies and repairs. (For other roads from Casa Grande see pp. 298-307.)

CASA GRANDE TO COCKLEBUR AND QUAJOTE (27.2 MILES)

[See below for log in opposite direction]

This road was not traveled, and distances are given as measured on the map. (For other roads from Casa Grande see pp. 298-307.)

0.0 Casa Grande. Cross railroad tracks and go south on graded road.

2.0 Fork. Take right-hand road (southwest). The graded road continues south to Chiu-Chuschu. (See log on p. 303.)

11.0 Well and Indian huts.

15.5 Cocklebur. Winter ranchería; two dug wells. Continue south. Road from Chiu-Chuschu on left (p. 303) and from Maricopa on right (p. 312).

20.1 Fork. Take right-hand road southwest. Left-hand road goes southeast 3 miles to Orizaba mine and 6 miles to Jackrabbit. (See p. 303.) 26.1 Corner of temporal. Go west along border of field and then south. 27.2 Quajote.

Winter ranchería; United States Indian Service well. From this village a road goes north of Vekol Mountains 4 miles to Reward mine, where there are two wells, and thence 4 miles to Bitter Well, winter ranchería, where there is a well. From Quajote a road also goes south of Vekol Mountains 10 miles to Copperosity, a winter ranchería with two wells, and thence to Isabella mine, 7 miles farther.

QUAJOTE TO COCKLEBUR AND CASA GRANDE (27.2 MILES)

0.0 Quajote.

[See above for log in opposite direction]

From the United States Indian Service well go north and turn east along northern border of temporal.

1.1 Turn northeast at corner of field.

6.1 Reverse fork. Road comes in on right from Orizaba mine (3 miles) and

Jackrabbit (6 miles).

11.7 Cocklebur. Winter ranchería; two dug wells. Continue north and

northeast.

16.2 Well and Indian huts.

25.2 Reverse fork. Turn north on graded road which comes in from Chiu(See p. 303.)

Chuschu.

27.2 Casa Grande.

For other roads out of this town see pages 298–307.

ROADS OUT OF MARICOPA

MARICOPA TO GILA BEND (44.1 MILES)

[See p. 308 for log in opposite direction]

This road, except for the short interval between Heaton and the Geological Survey sign west of Enid, is made of parts of the Phoenix-Maricopa road by way of Gila Crossing and the Phoenix-Gila Bend road by way of Gila Crossing. 0.0 Maricopa. Cross railroad track and go west toward gap between Sierra Estrella and Palo Verde Mountains, avoiding road to left, which goes to Akchin. (See p. 309.) Much drifted sand and many adobe flats. 4.0 Peblo Well. Good water. Turn northwest toward railroad. 6.9 Heaton. Switch on railroad. No houses. Cross railroad and turn west over fair desert road. Road north goes to Phoenix. (See p. 309.) 11.8 Enid. Water in emergencies at section house. Continue west.

14.1 Reverse fork. Geological Survey sign. Road from Phoenix comes in on right. This point is mile 33.9 of log given on page 313. Follow this west into Gila Bend.

44.1 Gila Bend. For other roads from Gila Bend see pages 313-324.

0.0 Gila Bend.

GILA BEND TO MARICOPA (44.1 MILES)

[See p. 307 for log in opposite direction]

(For other roads from Gila Bend see pp. 313-324.) Geological Survey sign. Follow Phoenix-Gila Bend road. (See p. 313.) 30.0 Fork. Geological Survey sign. Keep to right on north side of railroad. Left-hand road goes to Phoenix.

32.3 Enid. Water in emergencies at section house. Continue east. 37.2 Heaton. Switch on railroad. No houses. Turn to right (south) across tracks and go southeast, avoiding fork to left just south of track. Phoenix-Maricopa road comes in on left (north). This point is mile 29.1.

40.1 Peblo Well. Good water. Turn east and follow main traveled road. avoiding numerous forks and crossroads. Much drifted sand and many adobe flats.

44.1 Maricopa. Post office, water, hotel, supplies, gasoline. For other roads from Maricopa see pages 307-313.

PHOENIX TO MARICOPA BY WAY OF GILA CROSSING (36 MILES)

[See below for log in opposite direction]

Except the very roundabout route through Florence and Casa Grande any road from Phoenix to Maricopa involves fording Gila River. This can not be done when the river is in flood, and information should be obtained before starting. (For other roads from Phoenix see pp. 295, 300-301, 313–317.)

0.0 Phoenix. Take road to Gila Bend by way of Gila Crossing. (See p. 313 for log.)

16.5 Gila Crossing.

23.9 Fork. Geological Survey sign. Keep to left (south) across plain on good desert road. Right-hand road goes to Gila Bend.

25.2 Fork. Keep to right (south). Left-hand road goes to Maricopa also. The distance is 8 miles, but the road is said to be sandy and bad. 29.1 Heaton. Switch on railroad, no houses. Cross railroad and go southeast, avoiding fork to left just south of track. Road comes in on north side of track from Enid (4.9 miles) and Gila Bend. p. 307.)

(See

32.0 Peblo Well. Good water. Turn east and follow main traveled road toward railroad water tank, avoiding numerous forks and crossroads. Much drifted sand and many adobe flats.

36.0 Maricopa. Post office, water, hotel, supplies, gasoline. (For other roads to Maricopa see pp. 307–313.)

MARICOPA TO PHOENIX BY WAY OF GILA CROSSING (36 MILES)

[See above for log in opposite direction]

Maricopa. Cross railroad track and go west toward gap between Sierra Estrella and Palo Verde Mountains, avoiding road to left, which goes to Akchin. (See p. 309.)

O Poblo Well. Good water. Turn northwest toward railroad.