15.9 Crossroads. Keep straight ahead. This is road from Arivaca to Ronstadt gate and Las Moras. (See p. 290.)

16.9 Reverse fork. Wooden signboard. Road on left comes in from Ronstadt gate (0.9 mile). From this gate it is 5.7 miles to a fork on the edge of a bluff. Down the bluff to the right 0.3 mile is the Ronstadt ranch and well. Continue to left (west) through fence 1.3 miles to Las Moras ranch and well, headquarters of the La Osa Land & Cattle Co. 17.1 Fork. Keep to left. The right-hand road goes to Secundino Well (3 miles).

22.3 Crossroads. Continue northeast. This road is from Pozo Nuevo to Ronstadt ranch and other places in the vicinity.

28.6 Crossroads. Keep straight on. This road goes from Espinoso Well to Otero ranch and Contreras.

28.7 Reverse fork. Turn to right and cross main wash.

Right-hand road

comes from Espinoso Well (2.5 miles), Pozo Nuevo (4 miles), and

Secundino Well (10 miles).

29.2 Turn to left and follow down valley under bluffs.

29.7 Reverse fork.

30.5 Reverse fork.

31.4 Represo on left.

31.5 Go through fence.

32.2 Palo Alto. Deep well and pumping plant on left. Store on right.

34.8 Ruined house on left.

37.0 Follow east side of fence. Road on right to the Sierrita Mountains.

39.0 Anvil ranch. Two deep wells and pumping plant. Road leads from Anvil ranch to Leon and Redondo.

41.3 Hayfield on left.

42.3 King Well. House, corral, and deep well and pumping plant.

47.5 Reverse fork. County sign. Turn to left on main Yuma-Tucson road. 47.6 Robles ranch. For detailed log into Tucson see page 276. 70.9 Tucson.

ARIVACA ROAD

AMADO TO RONSTADT GATE (33.6 MILES)

[See pp. 290-291 for log in opposite direction]

This road starts from Santa Cruz Valley at its junction with Sopori Creek. Two roads lead up Sopori Creek, one on the north bank and the other on the south bank. The distance is virtually the same by either, but the south road was usually traveled in 1917. The junction of the north road with the TucsonNogales road is 39.5 miles from Tucson and 29.7 miles from Nogales. The junction of the south road is 40.1 miles from Tucson and 29.1 miles from Nogales. The road was not traversed between Sopori Junction and Arivaca, and distances are given as measured on the map for this part of the road. There are doubtless many more branch roads than are shown on the map.

0.0 Amado, by southern road.

4.0 Cross creek to north side and join northern road.

11.0 Moyza Well. Fork. Take right-hand road; left-hand road follows creek. Distance is 2 miles farther and there are numerous gates.

14.0 Fork. Keep to left past Tajo mine. Cerro Colorado mine is about 1 mile north of road at foot of Cerro Colorado Mountains. Road on right goes to Moreno ranch (5 miles).

17.0 Reverse fork. Road comes in on right. This road goes north of the Guijas Mountains to Conte ranch (1 mile) and Robledo ranch (5 miles). Thence down Guijas Wash to Martinez ranch (6.5 miles) and to Secundino Well in the Altar Valley (10.5 miles).

19.8 Reverse fork.

21.0 Arivaca. Post office, water, supplies, hote, stores, gasoline. (For other roads out of Arivaca see p. 292.) To reach Altar Valley go west along main street, turn sharply to right at last house, and go west along north side of Arivaca Creek.

22.3 Go over rocky knoll.

23.0 Fork. Keep to right along bluff.

23.6 Go over rocky knoll.

24.2 Go up onto gravel bench.

24.9 Road on left leads to ranch house.

25.3 Go into creek and follow creek bed for eight-tenths of a mile. There is usually water in this part of the creek.

28.1 Figueroa ranch. No well here; water in emergencies only. Go west into valley.

28.7 Fork. Take right-hand road along south side of fence. Left-hand road is described in the log on page 292.

29.9 Turn corner and go north through lane.

30.9 Go northwest.

33.6 Ronstadt gate. From this gate all points in Altar Valley can be reached. (See log of Tucson-Sasabe road, p. 287.)

RONSTADT GATE TO AMADO (83.6 MILES)

[See pp. 289-290 for log in opposite direction]

This road runs from the Ronstadt gate, a central point in the Altar Valley (see p. 287), to the Santa Cruz Valley by way of Arivaca and Sopori Creek.

0.0 Ronstadt gate. For other roads from this gate see page 288. Go southeast.

0.7 Crossroads. Continue straight ahead. This is the Tucson-Sasabe road. 2.7 Turn south in lane between fences.

3.7 Turn east along fence.

4.9 Reverse fork. Cross valley. Road on right

comes in from Aguajita (See p. 292.)

(4.8 miles) and Buenos Aires (7.4 miles). 5.5 Figueroa ranch. No well here; water in emergencies only. Go east up Arivaca Creek.

7.5 Go into creek and follow creek bed for eight-tenths of a mile. There is

usually water in the creek here.

8.7 Road on right goes to ranch house.

10.0 Go over rocky knoll.

10.6 Reverse fork.

11.3 Go over rocky knoll.

12.6 Arivaca. Post office, water supply, hotel, stores, gasoline. (For other roads out of Arivaca see p. 292.) Continue east.

13.8 Fork. Take left-hand road; road on right goes to Arivaca ranch and then down Sopori Creek and rejoins this road at Moyza. The distance is 2 miles farther and there are numerous gates.

16.6 Fork. Keep to right; road on left goes north of the Guijas Mountains to Conte ranch (1 mile) and Robledo ranch (5 miles), thence down Guijas Wash to Martinez ranch (6.5 miles) and Secundino Well in Altar Valley (10.5 miles).

19.6 Reverse fork. Road on left comes in from Moreno ranch (5 miles); Cerro Colorado mine is about 1 mile north of road at foot of Cerro Colorado Mountains.

22.6 Moyza Well. Reverse fork. Follow northeastward down valley of Arivaca Creek. Road from Arivaca by way of Arivaca ranch and Papalote Well comes in on right.

29.6 Fork. Take right-hand road and cross over to south side of creek. Lefthand road follows north side and is about the same distance, but south side was preferred in 1917.

33.6 Amado. Reach the main Tucson-Nogales road at mile 40.1 from Tucson and mile 29.1 from Nogales.

NOGALES-ARIVACA ROAD

NOGALES TO ARIVACA (43.5 MILES)

[See p. 292 for log in opposite direction]

This road leaves the Tucson-Nogales road just north of a bridge across Potrero Creek. It is maintained in passable condition for motor trucks as far as the Montana mine, when the mine is being worked. The heavy trucks, however, make the going rough, though the road is easily followed. It has long but not excessive grades. Impassable in 1921.

0.0 Nogales. See page 286 for detailed log of next 6.4 miles.

6.4 Turn to left off main road and go upgrade onto gravelly plateau. 9.0 Go down into valley and follow it.

12.9 Clark Well on right; good water.

13.8 Turn southwest out of valley over ridge and into another valley.

19.5 Turn sharp curve around end of Atascosa Ridge; water hole 50 feet south

of road; water probably not permanent.

20.0 Represo 200 yards south of road; water not permanent. The Marmee mine is about 1 mile south of the road.

20.3 Seep on north side of road.

20.2 Crest of pass. The road now goes northwest into Bear Valley.

23.2 Faint road goes half a mile to left to Bear Valley ranch; water.

31.2 Montana mine. Water supply when mine is operating from three dug wells and two large reservoirs. Store and gasoline.

32.2 Jenkins ranch; well, store, gasoline.

33.0 Small spring in gulch.

33.2 Small spring on left of road.

33.7 Well on right of road.

33.8 Austerlitz. House and well, mining claim.

road runs south to Warsaw (4 miles).

34.3 Partridge.

36.0 Oro Blanco. Post office, several wells.

From this place a rough

42.5 Reverse fork. Turn north across Arivaca Creek. Road on left comes from Tully Well (11 miles) and Jarilla Spring (4 miles). From Jarilla Spring the road goes south into Mexico.

43.5 Arivaca. Post office, water supply, hotel, store, gasoline. From Arivaca go west to Altar Valley, following log given on page 290.

0.0 Arivaca.

ARIVACA TO NOGALES (43.5 MILES)

[See p. 291 for log in opposite direction]

From post office go west.

0.1 Turn south through lane and cross Arivaca Creek.

1.0 Fork. Turn to left; right-hand road goes to Tully Well (11 miles) and Jarilla Spring (4 miles). From Jarilla Spring a road goes south to Mexico.

7.5 Oro Blanco. Post office, several wells.

9.2 Partridge.

9.7 Austerlitz. House and well, mining claim. From this place a rough road runs south to Warsaw (4 miles).

9.8 Well, left of road.

10.3 Small spring, right of road.

10.5 Small spring in gulch.

11.3 Jenkins ranch. Well, store, gasoline.

12.3 Montana mine. Water supply when mine is operating from three dug wells and two large reservoirs; store and gasoline. Go over ridge on well-graded road into Bear Valley.

20.3 Faint road on right leads half a mile to Bear Valley ranch; water. 23.3 Crest of pass at south end of Atascosa Ridge.

23.4 Seep on north side of road.

23.5 Represo, 200 yards south of road; water not permanent. The Marmee mine is about 1 mile south of the road.

24.0 Turn sharply to the left and go northeast. Water hole 50 feet south of road; water probably not permanent.

29.7 Go down valley.

30.6 Clark Well on left; good water.

34.5 Turn out of valley to right and go along gravel plateau.

37.1 Reverse fork. Come into Tucson-Nogales road. Go south and follow detailed log on page 285.

43.5 Nogales.

FIGUEROA RANCH TO BUENOS AIRES AND POINTS ON THE EAST SIDE OF ALTAR VALLEY

From Figueroa ranch, near the junction of Arivaca and San Luis creeks, subsidiary roads go to various small ranches on the east side of Altar Valley. The roads are little traveled and have many steep but short grades. Many new fences will probably be built in the next few years and the details of the roads modified accordingly.

0.0 Figueroa ranch. No well here. Water in emergencies only. Go west into valley.

0.6 Fork.

Same as mile 28.7 of Arivaca road. (See p. 290.) Take left turn up San Luis Valley. Right turn goes to Ronstadt gate. (See p. 288.) 1.6 Turn to left out of valley. A faint road leads up the valley to San Luis ranch and Jarilla Spring. It is not known whether this can be traveled by automobile.

4.3 Reverse fork. Road comes in on left from San Luis ranch (1.3 miles). 5.4 Aguajita. Well and windmill in clump of cottonwoods.

5.6 Fork. Keep to left.

6.5 Reverse fork.

6.7 E. Garcia Well. This is a stock-watering place. Continue west through

gate in east-west fence.

6.9 Fork. Keep to right.

8.0 Buenos Aires Well, a stock-watering place. Water from the well and from Aguirre Lake is used. West of this place 1 mile is the TucsonSasabe road. (For log see p. 287.) Go southeast from Buenos Aires to reach the watering places along the east side of the valley.

10.4 Reverse fork. Road from Sasabe comes in on right. Travelers to Sasabe should, however, not use this road because of fences. The main route south from Ronstadt gate is preferable.

10.9 Lopez ranch. Well. From this ranch a road goes southeast 3 miles to Canoa ranch and 4 miles south to M. Garcia ranch and well.

the latter place it is 5.4 miles by a very bad road to Sasabe.

TUCSON-PHOENIX HIGHWAY

From

A good automobile road between Tucson, the largest town in Arizona, and Phoenix, the State capital, has been the aim of road enthusiasts for a number of years. The road described in the following log follows the route most likely to be permanently improved. The present improvements are as follows: Beginning at Tucson, 40 miles of well-graded gravel road, with bridges and concrete dips; 27 miles of good desert road, brush cleared, and some work done with scraper; 1 mile of graded dirt road just south of Florence; 30 miles of desert road, brush cleared, and some work done with scraper between Florence and Higley; 15 miles of graded dirt road from Chandler to Mesa; 20 miles of paved road between Mesa and Phoenix.

0.0 Tucson.

TUCSON TO PHOENIX (131.3 MILES)

[See pp. 295-297 for log in opposite direction]

(For other roads from Tucson see pp. 266-267.) Go north on Stone Avenue.

0.1 Turn to left (west) on Congress Street.

0.5 Turn to right (north) on Main Street.

1.1 Cross Southern Pacific Railroad.

1.4 Fork. Continue north, avoiding crossroads. Road on left goes along railroad to Casa Grande and Maricopa. (See p. 298.)

5.5 Bridge over Rillito Creek.

13.3 Store, water, gasoline.

14.7 Cross Gold Canyon Creek.

24.7 Walnut Well.

24.9 Fork.

Take left-hand road. Right-hand road goes to Oracle (12 miles) and Winkelman (50 miles).

31.9 Fork. Keep to right.

34.3 Small hill on left.

39.1 Simmons Well. Good water.

41.7 Fork. Keep to left. Road on right goes to Durham ranch.

43.2 Crossroads. Go straight ahead. Road on right to Davis ranch. Road

on left to Red Rock. (See p. 299.)

44.1 Fork. Keep to right. Meneger ranch and well one-quarter of a mile to left. No water for 23 miles.

45.1 Reverse fork. Road comes in on right from Foreman ranch.

46.5 Small hill on right.

47.0 Small hill on right.