good or ill could be recorded of him. His manner was equally graceful and attractive, and, if by no one else, was deemed by brother Graham a considerable acquisition to the Court, as he would lend his ear with patience and politeness to the rather divergent loquacity of his judicial senior.

Then came Wood with a voice and look that might well make any unhappy contrabandist tremble for his length of days; and it is even said that the hardy nerves of his aldermanic namesake were most grievously deranged at his appearing before him in the first instance as Lord Mayor elect; that he started back in sheer affright, and that "absolute wisdom" was fairly driven from its seat. Yet he was a man of sense and learning, (I speak of the Baron,) but so tenacious had he been of Law that all the amenities of life had been disregarded; although a well-intentioned and good man, there was little of the "suaviter in modo" in his bearing, and that little badly encouraged by habitual malady and subjection for a long period of his life to no ordinary physical suffering.

Baron Garrow had resigned fame and emolument at the Bar for the comparative ease of the Exchequer. He, it is said, had to struggle with difficulties at his outset in the Law, which might have overwhelmed one of less vitality of purpose; and the impression made upon him seemed scarcely effaced by the splendour and success of his subsequent career. He had studied human nature under all its aspects, and profited by the lesson; but he used knowledge as the Indian would his tomahawk and scalping-knife, and it was often admirable as painful to see the victim he had entrapped in wandering beyond the bounds of truth, writhe in agony at the long enduring tortures of his merciless persecutor. No advocate was ever more skilled in the science of exposing perjury or knavery than Garrow; and, difficult if not impossible was it for the most consummate veteran in falsehood to escape his keen research-to meet his eye, or stand unabashed and collected beneath the force of his inquisitorial acumen. It has been wrongly represented that Garrow employed menace, and appealed to the fears of those whom he was disposed to show forth to the contempt or ridicule of mankind; he required not such accessories; he more adapted himself to the character of the unsuspecting witness he selected for the experiment of his skill, until, like the decoy duck, he had attracted him nearer and nearer to himself, when the fatal explosion was preferred that never missed its aim or fell ineffective on its object. I never shall forget one amongst the thousands of cases in which the supremacy of his art as an advocate was displayed, wherein the plaintiff's case, to which he was opposed, was admirably and circumstantially sustained by the principal evidence, one of the Jewish tribes, who (whatever credit might be otherwise given to him) had, in a long detail of minutiæ, so unequivocally established the premises he had been called upon to support, that Lord Ellenborough had laid down his pen, and Erskine, as he concluded the examination in chief for the prosecution, had appealed to the bench by a look of mingled astonishment and pity at his learned friend's not throwing up his brief at once, understanding, as he did, that he intended to call no witnesses in his behalf. Garrow had listened in silence, and apparently without attention, if a slight and somewhat of a sardonic smile did not announce his conviction of deepJune.VOL. XXII. NO. XC.

20

laid artifice and of able deception, which he feared not to oppose or to confound; for the witness was evidently less advanced in years than (if he erred spontaneously) in the practice of craftiness and in the perfection of pretence. There was ever something peculiarly interesting in Garrow's preparation for an assault of wits; it was better understood by those around him than it was capable of being defined; for with features peculiarly prominent, with a countenance ever animated, the expression of either wholly defied scrutiny, and were as little matter for analysis as those of any man who ever existed. His forehead was of the Grenville cast, round and protuberant; but the light colour of his brow forbade its being the index of his feelings; the bright crimson which overspread his face, augmented the extraordinary lustre of his full, blue and searching eye, that neither years nor study had been able to impair. Folding his robe above his arm, and turning a keen gaze upon his object, while he regarded him (as a skilful combatant, who scans the power and proportions of his antagonist) for some moments in silence, was always the signal for the deepest attention. His manner at such times was remarkably impressive; it was felt by the bench, as his Lordship would lean forward, directing his look alternately towards the witness and the advocate ere a word was spoken; for he knew that Garrow never trifled with his contemplated purpose, or with the time of the Court. Erskine, from experience, was well aware of what he might expect; and his vivacious person gave more decided than graceful indications of his internal uneasiness, by his restlessness and fidgeting; the twelve good men sate motionless and expectant, while the witness was evidently screwing up his courage to the sticking place, and summoning all his qualities of attack or sufferance to the formidable struggle. "Put on your hat, Sir," said Garrow quietly to the Israelite, "while you answer the few questions I shall put to you." The man calmly pleaded the respect due to the tribunal in his excuse; but the name-bearing beaver was installed on its place, and the examination proceeded. The sagacity with which Garrow induced the Hebrew to enlarge yet farther on his already ample detail of circumstances; the indications of seeming assent to, and belief in the truth of his statement; the art with which he trolled his line to the animal yet unconscious of having with the proffered bait already taken in the fatal hook, were all most admirable. The advocate became more quiescent as the witness increased in confidence: so skilful was the hand that probed the wound he had laid open, that the process was not even felt by him who was destined to suffer so soon as the cause of ill should be attained; all, all was ended, and seemingly, in vulgar phrase, no harm done, and there was a pause. Then came that menacing wrapping of the gown betwixt the folded arms-that glance of scorn, of derision, and of triumph-that smile of bitterest irony, as, turning full upon the Jew, in tones that resounded throughout the Court, with an air that the longest practised hardihood might not encounter, with ability that no experience might divert or control, the trembling witness yielded rapidly, as confusedly, the vantage ground he deemed he had secured, and was driven with shame, confusion, and disgrace from the field of battle-like a second Shylock, discomfited, cast down, and sick at heart. Yet Garrow, with all this, was without malignity, although teeming with what the French term malice; he was

rude and unsparing of others on occasion, but it was in the exercise of his duty; he was satirical of nature, but earlier life had been haply somewhat embittered by infliction, of which his later years have unfortunately not been free; he possessed little of the bienséance of the world, of which he was as ignorant as Lord Grey of which party he shall ultimately sanction by his approval-as Lord Aberdeen of diplomacyor Charles Grant of the year-book. At the bar he had few friends, and perhaps fewer enemies. As a judge he is well disposed to do his duty with honesty and impartiality, but will never shine; as a man, he possesses many sterling qualities, which are best appreciated by those who know him best.

The present Lord Chief Baron Alexander is admirably fitted for his situation, and would grace any, the highest post in the department of the law, from his knowledge and his general character; and the esteem in which he is holden by the profession is the more honourable as he immediately succeeded one, than whom, in every relation of public as of private life, as a man, a gentleman, and a lawyer, no one bore with him to the grave so large a portion of regret-the Lord Chief Baron Richards.

In the mute and inglorious career of the Exchequer Court there can be little worthy of remark or of record. It is a tribunal which, as it is actually constituted, is neither fitted to our circumstances or times; it requires reform in every branch of its detail. To meet the demand now made upon the time and labour of the other judges, it is but necessary to bring the heavy sailers, so long laid up in ordinary, at once into commission. Let it be known beyond the assize town, the Old Bailey, and the Court Calendar, that such things are in existence, as the Barons of the Exchequer; cail them from their lengthened furlough into active service; place them upon duty, and the public exigencies may be yet met without an unseasonable increase of the public burthens.

THE BEINGS OF THE MIND.

"The Beings of the Mind are not of clay;
Essentially immortal, they create

And multiply in us a brighter ray,

And more beloved existence that which Fate
Prohibits to dull life, in this our state

Of mortal bondage, by these spirits supplied
First exiles, then replaces what we hate;

Watering the heart whose early flowers bave died,
And with a fresher growth replenishing the void."
Childe Harold.

COME to me with your triumphs and your woes,
Ye forms to life by glorious poets brought!
I sit alone with flowers and vernal boughs,

In the deep shadow of a voiceless thought;
Midst the glad music of the spring alone,
And sorrowful for visions that are gone.

Come to me! make your thrilling whispers heard,
Ye, by those masters of the soul endow'd
With life and love, and many a burning word,
That bursts from grief, like lightning from a cloud,

And smites the heart, till all its chords reply,
As leaves make answer when the wind sweeps by.

Come to me! visit my dim haunt !-the sound
Of hidden springs is in the grass beneath,
The stock-dove's note above, and all around
The poesy that with the violet's breath

Floats through the air, in rich and sudden streams,
Mingling, like music, with the soul's deep dreams.

Friends, friends!—for such to my lone heart ye are,—
Unchanging ones! from whose immortal eyes
The glory melts not as a waning star,

And the sweet kindness never, never dies,
Bright Children of the Bard! o'er this green dell
Pass once again, and light it with your spell.

Imogen, fair Fidele! meekly blending

In patient grief, "a smiling with a sigh,'
And thou, Cordelia! faithful daughter, tending
That sire, an outcast to the bitter sky,

Thou of the soft low voice!t-thou art not gone!
Still breathes for me its faint and flute-like tone.

And come to me! sing me thy willow-strain,
Sweet Desdemona! with the sad surprise
In thy beseeching glance, where still, though vain,
Undimm'd, unquenchable affection lies-
Come, bowing thy young head to wrong and scorn,
As a frail hyacinth by showers o'erborne.

And thou too, fair Ophelia ! flowers are here,
That well might win thy footstep to the spot-
Pale cowslips, meet for maiden's early bier,

And pansies for sad thought—but needed not.
Come with thy wreaths, and all the love and light
In that wild eye still tremulously bright!

And Juliet, vision of the South! enshrining
All gifts that unto its rich Heaven belong,
The glow, the sweetness, in its rose combining,
The soul its nightingales pour forth in song;
Thou, making death deep joy-but couldst thou die?
No! thy young love hath immortality!

From Earth's bright faces fades the light of morn,
From Earth's glad voices drops the joyous tone;

But ye, the Children of the Soul, were born
Deathless, and for undying love alone;

And oh! ye Beautiful! 'tis well, how well,

In the soul's world with you, where change is not, to dwell!

"Nobly he yokes

"Her voice was ever soft,

A smiling with a sigh."-Cymbeline, Act 4th.

+

Gentle and low.-Lear, Act 5th.

"There is pansies, that's for thoughts."—Hamlet, Act 4th.

F. H.

KIATIB-OGLOO, AND THE SMYRNA RESIDENTS.

ASIA-MINOR has with much truth been denominated, by many a traveller, the garden of the world. The peculiar beauty and variety of the scenery with which it abounds, the perfection of its regular and temperate climate, the richness and fertility of its soil-all combine in forming of this country a terrestrial paradise, to complete which the polishing hand of civilization is alone wanting. Smyrna, its capital, situated not far from the spot which gave birth to Homer, boasts of commercial advantages which have made it a place of the first importance to the mercantile world. The convenient anchorage of its spacious bay, and the facility of its communications with the remotest parts of the interior, have naturally pointed out this city as the general mart of home productions, of European manufactures, and of colonial produce. Its trade with England alone is tenfold more considerable than that which is carried on with all the other ports of Turkey together. Its population, including the Franks (as they call there all the Europeans, and others wearing their costume), is computed at two hundred thousand. It was for a long series of years governed by a Moossellim, or civil governor, and a municipal council composed of eight Ayans, or magistrates, presided over by a Mollah, or judge, and called the Mehkiemmay. A Moossellim, being invested merely with annual authority, has not the power of putting to death the Sultan's subjects, without the legal sanction of the Mehkiemmay. It is the possession of horse-tails which alone confers an arbitrary exercise of that odious power, so liable to abuses in the hands of barbarians; and the number of the tails, from one to three, defines the rank of a Pasha, and also indicates the number of heads he is allowed to dispose of per diem, without the liability of being called upon for any explanation of motives. Smyrna was the only place of importance in Turkey, which was allowed for any series of years to be governed upon principles of a constitutional tendency; and it owed this advantage to the influence and power of the old established house of the Kara-Osman-Ogloos, whose ancient rights of feudalism, in this province, had never been, till very lately, disputed by the Porte. With the fall of the last remnant of that celebrated race, in 1818, the system has changed, and a Pasha of three tails has been appointed to govern this city and its dependencies for the future.

The mercantile and industrious habits of the Smyrniots, and their constant intercourse with Europeans from an early period of their lives, have given a greater polish to their manners, and a readier disposition to good-fellowship with strangers, than are observable among the Turks of other parts. Disturbances have indeed sometimes taken place at Smyrna, but they were invariably occasioned by disorderly recruits coming from the interior of Asia-Minor for the purpose of embarkation, and by ferocious Candiot adventurers, over whom the Moossellims could exercise but little control. The property and persons of Europeans were, however, always scrupulously respected on similar occasions, and the depredations of the licentious rabble were confined to the defenceless Greeks, Jews, and Armenians. One exception, however, to the good feeling generally manifested towards the Franks is too remarkable not to be here noticed; but it will be seen that great provocation was given, and as the occurrence alluded to took place so far back as the year