THE SECOND PARLIAMENT.

The second Russian parliament or douma, as it is generally called from the name of the lower house, opened March 5, 1907, the date fixed by the manifesto of the czar dissolving the first douma, July 21, 1906. The elections under new regulations took place in January and February and again a large number of radicals and socialists were chosen. Fewer constitutional democrats were elected, but by combining with the Polish nationalists and others they succeeded in organizing the douma by electing Feodor Golovin president, or speaker, and Ivan Chelnikov secretary. The reactionists and Octoberists numbered 100 and the Polish nationalists and constitutional democrats 170. The remainder of the members, numbering approximately 250. were divided between social revolutionists, social democrats and the party of toil.

The session proved almost as short and barren of results as that of 1906. In spite of the efforts of the social democrats to adopt a conservative and conciliatory policy, most of the time was taken up with attacks on the measures taken by the government to suppress disorder. One bill was passed to abolish trial by drumhead court-martial, but this was rejected by the upper house and failed to become law. The torture of prisoners and scandals in connection with the distribution of famine relief funds formed the subjects of reports and discussions displeasing to the authorities and socialistic attacks on the army led to threats of dissolution as early as April 30. Interpellations were numerous and the cabinet ministers were called upon to explain acts which the members denounced in vigorous terms. The budget and other government bills were referred to committees which considered them but failed to take any action.

May 20 it was announced that a conspiracy to kill the czar had been discovered and that a number of social democrats had been concerned in it. June 14 Premier Stolypin demanded that the douma should exclude from its sittings all the meinbers of the social democratic faction, numbering fifty-five, and sanction the arrest of M. Alexinsky, Prince Tzereteli and MM. Dzhapardize, Gerus, Ozul, Annikin, Annisimoff, Kirienko, Lomtaschidze, Lopatkin, Mitroff, Komar, Syeroff, Salmikoff and Vinogradoff. The prosecutor of the St. Petersburg courts read an indictment charging that fifty-five social democrats, as members of the lower house of parliament, had organized themselves into a criminal secret organization known as the central committee of the social democratic party, which was acting in concert with other criminal organizations, particularly the military revolutionary societies throughout Russia, to produce armed uprisings among the peasantry, soldiers and workmen and overthrow the monarchy and the government. He therefore demanded the immediate suspension of the members in order to try them for high treason.

DOUMA DISSOLVED.

The premier's demand was referred to a committee, and as this was looked upon as equivalent to a refusal, the czar early Sunday morning, June 16, affixed his signature to an imperial ukase dissolving the douma and at the same time ordering an election, beginning Sept. 17, under new laws, and the assembling of the third douma Nov. 14. Accompanying the ukase was the following manifesto: "We, Nicholas II.. by the grace of God emperor of all the Russias, czar of Poland, grand duke of Finland, etc.. declare to all our faithful subjects that, in conformity with our order and instructions since the dissolution of the first douma, our government has adopted a series of successive measures to pacify the country and establish the affairs of state in regular course.

"The second douma convoked by us was summoned to contribute, according to our sovereign will, to the pacification of Russia, principally by the work of legislation, without which the life of a state and the perfection of its administration is impossible; next by an examination of the budget of revenue and expenditure, which insures regularity in national finance, and, finally, by the national use of the right of addressing interpella

tions to the government with a view to establishing every where truth and justice.

Intrusting these tasks to the elected representatives, the nation placed upon them by that trust a heavy responsibility, and it was their sacred duty to use their rights in wise labor for the welfare and the strengthening of the Russian state. Such were our ideas and desires when we gave to the nation new principles for the life of the state.

To our sorrow a considerable section of the seeond douma failed to justify our expectations. It was not with the will or desire to strengthen Russia and perfect her new administration that many of the delegates of the nation set to work, but with a manifest tendency to augment her troubles and assist in the disruption of the state.

"As a consequence of this activity during these periods of the douma, which constituted an insurmountable obstacle to fruitful labor, a hostile spirit was introduced into the douma itself which prevented the union of a sufficient number of its members desirous of working for the interests of the country. For this reason the douma either failed to discuss important measures that were drawn up by the government or delayed their discussion, or else rejected them, not even recoiling from the rejection of laws which punished the open support of crimes, and particularly the disseminators of trouble, having evaded condemnation for assassinations and acts of violence.

"The douma did not lend its moral support to the government in the restoration of order, and Russia continues to suffer the shame of an epoch of crimes and disasters.

"The examination of the budget created an obstacle to the timely satisfaction of many of the vital needs of the people. The right of interpellation was transformed by a considerable party in the douma into a means of fighting against the government and exciting distrust toward it among large classes of the people.

"Lastly, an act was committed unheard of in the annals of history. The judicial authorities discovered a plot by a section of the douma against the state and power of the czar, but when our government demanded the exclusion, until judg iment had been passed, of fifty-five members of the douma implicated in the crime, and the arrest of those among them most compromised, the douma failed to carry out immediately the lawful demand of the authorities, which admitted of no delay.

"All this compelled us by ukase to the senate to dissolve the second douma, fixing Nov. 14 as the date of the convocation of the new douma, believing, however, in the patriotism and national spirit of our people.

"We find the cause of failure on two occasions of activity in the douma in the fact that owing to the work and imperfection of the electoral law the legislative institution was composed of members who were not truly representatives of the needs and desires of the people; consequently, while leaving in force all the rights granted to our subjects by the manifesto of Oct. 30, 1905, and the fundamental laws, we have decided to modify the procedure in choosing elective representatives of the people to the douma in order that each section of the people may have its own representatives.

"The douma was summoned to strengthen the Russian state and ought to be Russian in spirit. Other nationalities forming part of our empire ought to have representatives of their needs in the douma, but they ought not to appear, and shall not appear, in such number as will make it possible for them to be arbiters on questions which are purely Russian.

"Within the confines of the state, where the people have not attained sufficient civic development, the elections to the douma must be temporarily suspended.

"All these electoral modifications could not have been introduced in the customary legislative way by the douma, whose composition is recognized by us to be unsatisfactory, by reason of the imperfection of the procedure for the election of the mem

bers of the douma. It is only to the power which gave the first electoral law-the historic power of the czar-that the right of abrogating that law and replacing it by a new law belongs.

"God has given us the power of the czar over our people. It is before His throne we shall answer for the destinies of the Russian state. Believing this, we have made a firm resolution to carry on to the end the great work begun by us of the reformation of Russia.

"We give Russia a new electoral law and order its promulgation in the senate. From our faithful subjects we look for united and vigorous service in the direction indicated by us for the country whose sons have been in all times the firm support of its strength, its greatness, and its glory. "Given at Peterhof. NICHOLAS."

NEW ELECTORAL LAW. The new electoral law arbitrarily reduced the deputations from the four eastern provinces, Vyatka, Perm, Ufa and Orenburg, and the Siberian provinces Tobolsk, Tomsky, Ukutsk and Yeniseisk, which returned radical deputies to the preceding doumas, from fifty-four to forty. It decreased the Polish contingent from thirty-six to twelve, the Caucasians from twenty-nine to ten, and completely disenfranchised until further orders the radical population of several districts in Central Asia. On the other hand, it selected Pskov, Kiev city and other constituencies returning conservatives in the last elections for an increase and provided for special representation for the conservative Russian population of Vilna and Kovna provinces on the Polish frontier. As a result of these various changes the new douma had 442 members instead of 524. Of twenty-four towns formerly electing representatives directly to the doua only seven, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, Kiev, Lodz, Odessa and Riga, retained their direct representation. To increase the representation of the conservative land owners the election of one land owner was made arbitrary. It is specifically provided that peasant deputies must be house owners, personally engaged in agriculture.

STATISTICS OF REVOLUTION.

The St. Petersburg Slovo published statistics Sept. 12, 1907, regarding the revolutionary movement, prepared by the noted Russian statistician, Dr. Zhdankoff, whereby the total number of victims of the "dramatic epidemic" was placed at 47,020, of whom 19,144 were killed. It was further shown that 2,381 sentences of death were carried out, that 1.350 prisoners committed suicide, and that 21,405 persons were wounded. The largest loss of life, 12,953, resulted from encounters with the soldiers or police. The anti-Jewish riots numbered 7,962 and there were 4,540 anti-Armenian riots and 2,193 mutinies. The agrarian disorders were comparatively insignificant, only 533. revolutionists assassinated 83 generals or governors, 61 prefects and 8,079 officials of various ranks. The geographical distribution of the victims was as follows:

The

Dec. 22, 1906-Count Alexis Ignatieff assassinated at Tver.

Jan. 3, 1907-Maj.-Gen. von der Launitz, prefect of police in St. Petersburg, shot and killed. Jan. 9-Lieut.-Gen. Vladimir Pavloff. military procurator, shot and killed in St. Petersburg. Jan. 10-Col. Patko Andrieff, chief of gendarmes, shot and killed at Lodz.

Jan. 12-In a fight between terrorists and police in St. Petersburg two inspectors and two policemen are killed.

Jan. 17-M. Krollau, chief of the rural administration at Smolensk, killed by a schoolboy. Jan. 30-M. Guidema, governor of a political prison in St. Petersburg, shot and killed.

Feb. 8-S. Alexandrovsky, governor of Penza, shot and killed by terrorist.

Feb. 23-Col. von Gesseberg, chief of police in Odessa, injured by bomb.

March 4-Prison Inspector Kolbe shot and killed by revolutionists at Ufa.

March 7-The University of Moscow robbed of $20,000 by armed men; a sergeant of police killed. March 7-Gen. Neplueff, commandant of the fortress at Sebastopol, injured by bomb explosion. March 7-Bomb thrown at Prince Argutynski in Warsaw. March 9-Local revenue officials at Kutais robbed of $7,000 by bandits; two policemen, a driver and an official killed by bomb thrown by robbers. May 17-Forty-five officials and workmen in spinning mills at Lodz shot by Cossacks. May 20-Superintendent of police of Odessa and two detectives killed and seven persons injured by explosion of infernal machine.

June 17-Torpedo fired at Rear-Admiral Wiren in Black sea near Sebastopol.

June 17-Seventy men killed or wounded in mutiny of sappers at Kiev.

June 26-Resignation of Charles von Schwanenbach, controller of the empire, accepted.

June 26-Treasury wagon at Tiflis blown to pieces with bomb and $125,000 stolen; two Cossack guards killed.

June 29-Incendiary movement among peasants in revenge for dissolution of the douma reported from Tula; many estates devastated.

July 16-Gen. Alikhanoff, former governor-general of Tiflis, and two others killed at Alexandropol by explosion of bomb.

July 27-Five men given prison sentences for complicity in the anti-Jewish attacks at Bialystok in June, 1906.

Aug. 1-Thirty men killed or wounded in strike riots at Lodz,

Aug. 5-Gen. Karakozoff, ex-governor-general of Odessa, shot and killed at Piatigorsk.

Aug. 26-Col. Ivanhoff, governor of the Wiborg military prison, assassinated in St. Petersburg. Aug. 29-Three persons sentenced to death and others to imprisonment for alleged conspiracy to kill the czar.

Aug. 29-Matsushenko, leader of Kniaz Potemkin mutiny, hanged at Sebastopol.

Sept. 2-Three Jews killed and hundreds wounded by "black hundred" in Odessa.

Oct. 1-Prince Peter A. Kropotkin, socialist leader, arrested at Luga.

Oct. 29-The conservatives win in election for the third douma.

Oct. 30-Several persons killed in a fight with mutinous sailors in the harbor of Vladivostok.

Assistant Secretary-Jas. B. Reynolds (Mass.)
Assistant Secretary-John H. Edwards (O.)..
Asst. Secretary-Beekman Winthrop (N. Y.).
Chief Clerk-W. W. Ludlow (Minn.).
Chief of Appointment Division-Charles Ly-
man (Conn.)...

4,500

2,750

Chief of Warrants Division-W. F. Maclennan (D. C.)...

3,500

Chief of Public Moneys Division-Eugene B. Daskam (Conn.)..

2,500

Chief of Customs Division-James L. Gerry

(Ill.)

2,750

Chief of Revenue Cutter Division-Worth G. Ross (N. Y.)...

2,500

Chief of Stationery, Printing and Blanks Division-George Simmons (D. C.).

2,500

Chief of Loans and Currency Division-Andrew T. Huntington (Mass.).

3,000

ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

Adjutant-General-Maj.-Gen. F. C. Ainsworth. Assistants-Brig.-Gen. W. P. Hall, Col. H. P. McCain, Col. H. O. S. Heistand, Col. George Andrews, Col. W. A. Simpson, Col. James T. Kerr, Maj. Eugene F. Ladd.

Chief Clerk-Jacob Frech.

INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. Inspector-General-Brig.-Gen. E. A. Garlington. Assistants-Col. S. C. Mills, Col. John L. Chamberlain, Col. George F. Chase.

Chief Clerk-Warren H. Orcutt.

JUDGE-ADVOCATE GENERAL'S OFFICE.

Judge-Advocate General-Brig.-Gen. G. B. Davis. Assistants-Col. Enoch H. Crowder, Col. Edgar S. Dudley.

Chief Clerk-Lewis W. Call.

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

Commissary-General-Brig.-Gen. Harry G. Sharpe. Assistants-Col. E. E. Dravo, Col. A. L. Smith, Col. J. N. Allison.

Chief Clerk-Emmet Hamilton.

QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. Quartermaster-General-Brig.-Gen. James B. Ale

shire.

Assistants-Col. James M. Marshall, Col. C. A. H. McCauley, Col. John L. Clem. Col. William S. Patten, Col. John W. Pullman, Col. James W. Pope.

Chief Clerk-Henry D. Saxton.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

Surgeon-General-Brig.-Gen. Robert M. O'Reilly. Assistants-Col. Charles L. Heizmann, Col. Joseph B. Girard, Col. William C. Gorgas, Col. P. F. Harvey, Col. C. B. Burne, Col. Valery Havard, Col. John Van R. Hoff, Col. George W. Adair, Col. L. M. Maus.

Chief Clerk-George A. Jones.

PAY DEPARTMENT.

Paymaster-General-Brig.-Gen. Culver C. Sniffen.
Assistants-Col. Charles H. Whipple, Col. W. H.
Comegys, Col. W. F. Tucker.
Chief Clerk-William Manley.

SIGNAL OFFICE.

Chief Signal Officer-Brig.-Gen. James Allen. Assistant-Col. Richard E. Thompson. Disbursing Officer-Capt. George O. Gibbs. Chief Clerk-Herbert S. Flynn.

CORPS OF ENGINEERS.

Chief of Engineers-Brig.-Gen. A. Mackenzie. Assistants-Col. G. J. Lydecker, Col. M. B. Adams, Col. H. M. Adams, Col. E. L. B. Davis, Col. D. W. Lockwood, Col. E. H. Ruffner, Col. C. B. Sears, Col. J. G. D. Knight, Col. R. L. Hoxie, Col. W. L. Marshall.

Chief Clerk-P. J. Dempsey.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. Officer in Charge-Col. Charles S. Bromwell. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

Chief of Ordnance-Brig.-Gen. William Crozier. Assistants-Col. A. H. Russell, Col. S. E. Blunt, Col. Frank Heath, Col. D. A. Lyle, Col. James Rockwell, Col. Rogers Burnie.

Chief Clerk-John J. Cook.

BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.

Chief of Bureau-Brig.-Gen. Clarence R. Edwards. Assistant-Maj. Frank McIntyre.

Chief Clerk-Adolphus D. Wilcox.

Law Officer-Paul Charlton.

Chief-Rear-Admiral W. S. Cowles; Capt. W. F. Halsey, Commanders B. T. Walling, G. W. Denfeld and V. S. Nelson, Lieutenant-Commanders W. A. Moffett and L. S. Thompson, Lieuts. C. R. Miller and J. J. Hyland.

BUREAU OF NAVIGATION. Chief-Rear-Admiral W. H. Brownson; assistant, Commander Cameron McR. Winslow; Commanders R. T. Mulligan, W. S. Sims and H. B. Wilson, Lieutenant-Commanders G. B. Bradshaw, C. L. Hussey and D. F. Sellers, Lieuts. N. L. Jones, W. C. Watts and R. D. White.

BUREAU OF ORDNANCE. Chief-Rear-Admiral N. E. Mason; assistant, Capt. C. W. Bartlett; Commanders W. I. Chambers and E. Simpson, Lieutenant-Commanders V. 0. Chase, C. A. Brand. G. W. Williams and C. B. Price, Lieuts. T. C. Hart, W. McDowell and C. Wells.

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR. Chief Constructor-W. L. Capps.

Naval Constructors-J. H. Linnard, D. W. Taylor, R. Stocker, F. B. Zahm, D. C. Nutting, Jr., S. F. Smith and R. H. Robinson.

Assistant Naval Constructors-H. Williams and W. McEntee.

BUREAU OF STEAM ENGINEERING. Chief-Engineer in Chief C. W. Rae; assistant, Capt. A. F. Dixon; Commanders W. W. White, T. C. Fenton, W. M. Parks, R. S. Griffin, F. C. Bieg, B. C. Bryan and H. P. Norton, LieutenantCommanders W. S. Smith, C. W. Dyson and C. N. Offley, Lieuts. W. H. Reynolds and J. B. Gilmer. BUREAU OF SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTS. Chief-Paymaster-General E. B. Rogers; assistant, Pay Inspector J. S. Carpenter; Pay Inspector J. A. Mudd, Paymasters C. Conard, G. P. Dyer, C. J. Peoples and D. W. Nesbit, Past Assistant Paymasters F. R. Holt and D. C. Crowell, Assistant Paymaster F. H. Atkinson.

assistant,

BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Chief-Surgeon-General P. M. Rixey; Surgeon W. C. Braisted; Surgeons F. L. Pleadwell and W. H. Bell, Pharmacists C. E. Reynolds and H. Henry.

OFFICE OF THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE GENERAL. Judge-Advocate General of the Navy-Capt. S. W. B. Diehl; Commanders W. O. Hulme, B. W. Wells and H. Phelps, Captain of Marines E. E. West.

OFFICE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. Chief-Capt. R. P. Rodgers; Lieutenant-Commanders R. R. Belknap, H. H. 'Hough, F. A. Traut, R. K. Crank and H. H. Whittlesey (retired), Lieuts. J. P. Jackson and H. P. McIntosh (retired).

HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE. C.

Hydrographer-Commander C. Rogers; Commanders H. H. Barroll (retired), H. Kimmell (retired) and H. Vail (retired), Lieutenant-Com. mander G. F. Cooper.

NAVAL EXAMINING BOARD. President-Rear-Admiral A. R. Couden; Capt. E. K. Moore, Commander F. H., Eldridge.

NAVAL MEDICAL EXAMINING BOARD.

Medical Directors-A. F. Price, president; D. Dickinson and W. A. McClurg.

NAVAL RETIRING BOARD. President-Rear-Admiral A. R. Couden; Capt. E. K. Moore, Commander Frank H. Eldridge; medical directors, D. Dickinson and T. H. Streets. NAVAL OBSERVATORY.

Superintendent-Rear-Admiral A. Walker; Commanders A. G. Winterhalter and E. E. Hayden, Professors of Mathematics-A. N. Skinner, M. Updegraff, W. S. Eichelberger and F. B. Littell.

BOARD OF INSPECTION AND SURVEY. President-Capt. R. Clover; Capts. T. C. McLean, W. H. H. Southerland, Commanders I. S. K. Reeves and C. C. Marsh, Major of Marines A. S. McLemore, Naval Constructor R. Stocker, Lieutenant-Commander E. W. Eberle.

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.

Medical Director-J. J. Wise, commanding; Surgeons E. R. Stitt, E. J. Grow and H. C. Curl, Passed Assistant Surgeons C. St. C. Butler and O. J. Mink, Lieutenant-Commander D. L. Wilson (retired), Pharmacist E. R. Noyes.

NAVAL DISPENSARY.

Medical Director-W. S. Dixon.

GENERAL INSPECTORS OF PAY CORPS.

Pay Director-Leeds C. Kerr.
Pay Inspector-Thomas H. Hicks.

HEADQUARTERS MARINE CORPS.
Brigadier-General Commandant-George F. Elliott.
Aids-Capt. R. S. Hooker and First Lieut. R. B.
Putnam.

Adjutant and Inspector-Col. C. H. Lauchheimer.
Assistant Adjutant and Inspectors-Majs. R. H.
Lane and A. S. McLemore.
Quartermaster-Col. F. L. Denny.

Assistant Quartermasters-Lieut.-Col. T. C. Prince,
Maj. C. L. McCawley and P. F. Archer.
Paymaster-Col. G. C. Goodloe.

Assistant Paymaster-Lieut.-Col. George Richards, STATE, WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILDING. Superintendent-First Lieutenant J. H. Poole. corps of engineers, U. S. A.