CHAIRMEN OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEES

WILLIAM IRVING MYERS, Chairman of the Land Committee: Born 1891; B. S. 1914, and Ph. D. 1918, Cornell University. Head, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Cornell University, 1938 to date; Deputy Governor, later Governor, Farm Credit Administration, 1933-1938; Assistant to Chairman, Federal Farm Board, 1933; Professor of Farm Finance, Cornell University, 1920-1938; Assistant Professor of Farm Management, Cornell University, 1918-1920; Instructor in Farm Management, Cornell University, 1914-1918. Member of American Farm Economic Association (Past President, SecretaryTreasurer); Agricultural Economics Association of England; Phi Kappa Phi; Sigma Xi. Author of several bulletins on agricultural subjects.

The other members of the Committee are: Oscar L. Chapman, Assistant Secretary, Department of the Interior; Charles C. Colby, Professor of Geography, University of Chicago; Philip H. Cornick, Institute of Public Administration; M. S. Eisenhower, Assistant Director, Office of War Information; Charles A. Lory, President Emeritus, Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts; Lee Muck, Assistant to the Secretary in Charge of Land Utilization, Department of the Interior; R. L. Thompson, President, Federal Land Bank of New Orleans; H. R. Tolley, Chief, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, University of Wisconsin; E. H. Wiecking, Land Use Coordinator, Department of Agriculture; Joel D. Wolfsohn, Assistant Commissioner, General Land Office.

BALDWIN MUNGER WOODS, Chairman of the Water Resources Committee (see Chairman, Region VIII, above).

The other members of the Committee are: Carlton P. Barnes, Survey Coordination, Office of Land Use Coordination, Department of Agriculture; W. W. Horner, Consulting Engineer, St. Louis; John C. Page, Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation; Leland Olds, Chairman, Federal Power Commission; Glenn L. Parker, Chief Hydraulic Engineer, Water Resources Branch, United States Geological Survey; Col. Theodore B. Parker, Chief Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority; Maj. Gen. Eugene Reybold, Chief of Engineers, United States Army; Thorndike Saville, Dean, College of Engineering, New York University; R. E. Tarbett, Senior Sanitary Engineer, United States Public Health Service; E. H. Wiecking, Land Use Coordinator, United States Department of Agriculture.

WILLIAM HABER, Chairman of the Committee on Long-range Work and Relief Policies: Born 1899; A. B. 1923, A. M. 1925, and Ph. D. 1927, University of Wisconsin; Resident Fellow, 1925-1926, Harvard University. Professor of Economics, University of Michigan, 1935 to date; Executive Director, National Refugee Service, 1939-1940; Deputy Director, Works Progress Administration, 19361937; Director, National Youth Administration, 1935-3916; State Emergency Relief Administrator, Michigan, 1933-1936; Professor of Industrial Relations, Michigan State College, 1927-1935; Instructor of Industrial Relations, University of Wisconsin, 1924-1925; Labor Manager, Hart, Schaffner & Marx, 1923-1924. Member, Michigan State Planning Commission; State Unemployment Compensation Commission; State Prison Commission; Chairman, State Social Security Study Commission; Consultant, Social Security Board; Member, Committee on Social Security, Social Science Research Council. Member of American Statistical Association; American Economic Association; Association of Labor Legislation; Association of Social Security.

The other members of the Committee are: W. W. Alexander, Chief of Minorities Service, War Manpower Commission; C. M. Bookman, Executive Vice Chairman, Community Chest of Cincinnati; Corrington Gill, Consultant, War Department; The Rt. Rev. Francis J. Haas, Dean, School of Social Science, Catholic University of America; Fred K. Hoehler, Executive Director, American Public Welfare Association; Katherine F. Lenroot, Chief, Children's Bureau, Department of Labor; Mary E. Switzer, Assistant to the Administrator, Federal Security Agency; Thomas J. Woofter, Jr., Director of Research, Federal Security Agency. THORNDIKE SAVILLE, Chairman of the Public Works Project Review Committee: Born 1892; A. B. 1914 and M. S. 1917, Harvard University; B. S. 1914 and C. E. 1915, Dartmough College; M. S. 1917, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dean, College of Engineering, New York University, 1935 to date; Professor of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, New York University, 1932 to date; Associate Professor and Professor of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, University of North Carolina, 1919–1932; Cheif of Engineer, North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, in charge of Water Resources and Engineering Division, 1920-1932; First Lieutenant, U. S. Army,

1917-1919. Member of American Society of Civil Engineers; American Water Works Association; American Institute of Consulting Engineers; American Institute of Aeronautical Sciences; Federation of Sewage Works Association; American Society of Planning Officials; Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma XI; Tau Beta Pi; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Author of "Report on Deficiencies in Hydrologic Research," Transactions of 1940 of Amerigan Geophysical Union, Part II, National Research Council of National Academy of Sciences; joint author of "Report on Water Pollution," by the Special Advisory Committee on Water Pollution, National Resources Committee, House Document 155, 76th Congress, 1st Session; author of "Collecting and Publishing Hydrologic Data," Civil Engineering, volume 7, No. 3, March 1937; "Control of Interstate Water Pollution," Journal of Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Volume XXV, No. 2, April 1938.

The other members of the Committee are: James J. Doland, Professor of Engineering, University of Illinois; Lee Muck, Assistant to Secretary in Charge of Land Utilization, Department of the Interior; E. N. Munns, Chief, Division of Forest Influences, Department of Agriculture; Leland Olds, Chairman, Federal Power Commission; John C. Page, Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation; Colonel Miles Reber, Office of Chief of Engineers, United States Army; Maj. Gen. Eugene Reybold, Chief of Engineers, United States Army; E. H. Wiecking, Land Use Coordinator, Office of Land Use Coordination, Department of Agriculture.

OWEN D. YOUNG, Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Transportation: Born 1874; A. B. 1894, St. Lawrence University; 1923, D. H. L., LL. B., 1896, Boston University, LL. D., 1922. Union College, Schenectady; 1924, Harvard, Tufts, Dartmouth; 1925, Johns Hopkins, Colgate, Yale, Columbia; 1926, Rutgers, Princeton, Lehigh; 1925, Brown, University of the State of New York; 1929, Hamilton; 1930, University of California; 1931, Western University, Connecticut; 1932, Notre Dame; 1933, Queen's University, Ontario; 1934, University of Nebraska; Litt. D., 1936, Rowlands College; D. C. S., 1927, N. Y. U.; 1940, Syracuse University. Awards and honors: Gold Medalist, National Institute of Social Sciences, 1923; Roosevelt Memorial Association, 1929; Awarded Order of Rising Sun, Japan, 1921; Commander Legion of Honor (France), 1924; Commander Order of Leopold of Belgium, 1925; First Order German Red Cross, 1925; Grand Cross of the Crown of Belgium, 1930. American, Massachusetts, New York State, and City of Boston Bar Assciations; American Philosophical Society; Bibliophile Society; Phi Beta Kappa; etc.

The other members of the committee are: Dr. George P. Baker, vice chairman, Civil Aeronautics Board; Joseph B. Eastman, Director, Office of Defense Transportation, Chairman, Interstate Commerce Commission; Robert H. Hinckley, Assistant Secretary, Department of Commerce. Jesse H. Jones, Secretary of Commerce and Federal Loan Administrator; Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, Administrator, War Shipping Administration; Thomas H. Mac Donald, Commissioner, Public Roads Administration; Maj. Gen. Eugene Reybold, Chief of Engineers, War Department.

FLOYD WESLEY REEVES, Chairman of the Conference on Post War Adjustment of Personnel: Born 1890; B. S. 1915, Huron College; M. A. 1921 and Ph. D. 1925, University of Chicago. Professor of Administration, University of Chicago, 1938 to date; Professor of Education, University of Chicago, 1929-1938; Director, Bureau of School Service, University of Kentucky, 1927-1929; Head, Department of Education Administration, University of Kentucky, 1925–1927; Professor of Education, Director School of Education, Administrative Dean, Transylvania College, 1923-1925; Director, American Youth Commission, 1939 to date; Consultant, Office of Price Administration, 1942; Director of Labor Supply and Training, Advisory Commission to Council of National Defense and Office of Production Management, 1940-1941; Member of Staff, Regents' Inquiry New York, 1935-1936; Chairman, President's Advisory Committee on Education, 1936-1939: Consultant, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1936-1939; Director of Personnel Study, President's Committee on Administrative Management, 1936; Director of Personnel and of Social and Economic Planning, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933-1935. Member of American Association of School Administrators; American Educational Research Association; American Political Science Association; American Society of Public Administrators. Author of "The Political Unit of Public School Finance in Illinois", 1924; co-author of "College Organization and Administration", 1929; "The Liberal Arts College", 1932; "Personnel Administration in the Federal Service", 1937; part author of "Adult

Education", 1939; editor of University of Chicago Survey (12 vol.), reports of President's Advisory Committee on Education (20 vol.), and American Youth Commission Reports (30 vol.); author or co-author of articles in the fields of education, economics, political science, and sociology.

The other members of the Conference are: Lt. Col. Francis T. Spaulding, Special Services Branch in Charge of Education, War Department; Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, Director, Selective Service System; Brig. Gen. Frank T. Hines, Director, Veterans Administration; Edward C. Elliott, Chief, Professional and Technical Employment and Training, War Manpower Commission; William Haber, Chairman, Planning Committee, War Manpower Commission; T. J. Woofter, Director of Research, Federal Security Agency; A. F. Hinrichs, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Howard R. Tolley, Chief, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agriculture; Lt. Commander Ralph A. Sentman, U. S. N. (Ret.); Francis J. Brown, Secretary, Joint Army and Navy Committee on Welfare and Recreation. EDWIN BIDWELL WILSON, Chairman of the Science Committee: Born 1879; A. B. 1899, Harvard University; Ph. D. 1901, Yale University; studied in Paris, 1902-1903. Professor of Vital Statistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 1922 to date; Professor of Mathematical Physics and in Charge of Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1917-1922; Associate Professor and Professor of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1907– 1917; Instructor and Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Yale University, 1900-1907. Member of American Economic Association, American Statistical Association, American Public Health Association, Epidemiological Society, Econometric Society, National Academy of Sciences, Social Science Research Council, American Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Mathematical Society. Author of "Vector Analysis," 1902; "Advanced Calculus," 1912; "Aeronautics," 1920; various articles in professional journals on mathematics, statistics, population, epidemiology, economics, mathematical physics, mechanics. The other members of the Committee are: Waldo G. Leland, Vice Chairman, Director of American Council of Learned Societies; Arthur L. Day, Vice Chairman, formerly Director of Carnegie Laboratory (National Research Council); Leonard Carmichael, President, Tufts College (National Research Council); Edward C. Elliott, War Manpower Commission (American Council on Education); Guy Stanton Ford, Library of Congress (Social Science Research Council); Ross G. Harrison, Yale University and Chairman, National Research Council; Dugald C. Jackson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (National Research Council); Dexter M. Keezer, Office of Price Administration (Social Science Research Council); Charles R. Morey, Princeton University (American Council of Learned Societies); William F. Ogburn, University of Chicago (Social Science Council); George D. Stoddard, Commissioner of Education, State of New York (American Council on Education).

FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH

Mr. DIRKSEN (continuing). Now, I would like you to do this for the record: The last figure I could get was 1938. They took one of those agencies that expended 50 percent of the whole appropriation for research. That includes all fields, scientific and technical. That came up to the figure of $128,000,000 for the fiscal year 1938. If they had included all agencies, it would have run $150,000,000. Since that time we have added the Office of Scientific Research and Development, and we have implemented the Budget Bureau and every agency as it came along. What I wish you would do, in time for this hearing, is to go back over those figures and revise them and bring them up to date and indicate, by a break-down of the agencies, the amount of money they have the power to spend for planning and in the general research field by the Government; because it is going to be of interest to the committees to know the meager amount spent by the Congress for that purpose and the comprehensive powers that are delegated. I would like to have that included in the hearing.

Mr. ELIOT. It is quite a job, but we will try. I do not know how quickly we can get it together.

Mr. DIRKSEN. I think the amount of expenditure involved is so meager in relation to the big question involved here, that the Congress ought to be informed.

(In the time permitted, the following statement has been prepared by Mr. Eliot:)

While some corporations spend as high as 4 percent of gross income on research, the Federal Government in 1936-37 (when the latest study was made) was spending approximately 2 percent of its peacetime budget on research, estimated as $120,000,000, including the research of the Library of Congress.

The bulk of these expenditures by Government are for routine fact-finding and collection of figures, such as market and crop reports, weather conditions, labor statistics, census reports of various kinds, and similar current and periodical recordings, which serve both Government and private needs for current information. The Congress also expends considerable sums on collection of facts, directly and through the Library of Congress, and on investigations as preparation for legislation.

Only a small proportion of these expenditures are for scientific research involving investigation of fundamental problems and basic processes, such as the studies of the experiment stations on agricultural problems and the studies of the National Institute of Health, and so on.

For

A still smaller proportion of the total expenditures is devoted to planning studies, which combine fact-finding, study of trends and interrelationships with the careful consideration of alternative possibilities of policy and program. such planning studies the services of many experts are required to collect and evaluate the great variety of information needed and to assess the conflicting interests, needs, and possibilities. Without such expert study and evaluation, administration must rely upon past practices and assumptions which is increasingly hazardous in a rapidly changing society.

During the war large governmental expenditures are being made for research on urgent wartime problems. Some of these studies are being conducted by the Government itself, such as the Chemical Warfare Service of the Army and the war agencies, such as the War Production Board; others are entrusted to organizations working under contract for the Government, through the Office of Scientific Research and Development and its two subsidiary agencies, the National Defense Research Committee and the Committee on Medical Research, which in turn make contracts with individual investigators and laboratories. For the year 1942-43, the Office of Scientific Research and Development received $73,000,000 for war research projects to be expended under these contracts. Other sums were made available to the War Production Board and other war agencies for research, investigation, and the fact finding needed for administrative and other decisions. It has been the established policy of the National Resources Planning Board to foster cooperation among Government agencies in order to coordinate efforts for research and planning.

RECOMMENDATION OF BOARD ON ORGANIZATION OF PLANNING ACTIVITIES

Dr. MERRIAM. I would like to say a word at some time in response to the Congressman's question.

Mr. DIRKSEN. Now would be as good a time as any, if you wish, Mr. Merriam.

Mr. MERRIAM.. I think what is happening is this: You have a development of a personnel officer in practically every one of the major agencies. They are brought together in a Federal personnel council. You can see what is happening. You also have a budgetary officer in practically every principal agency, and they are brought together and cleared through the Bureau of the Budget.

What is happening is a development of a planning personnel of one type or another in practically every agency of the Government. You have land planning; agriculture planning; health planning; and they run through the whole series of Federal activities.

These planning activities are cleared through the National Resources Planning Board. This is an over-all agency, like the Budget is, or the Civil Service Commission, or the Federal Personnel Council. Another board of which I was a member recommended-on the congressional side-perhaps I am intruding now on your own domain as against the three types of over-all administration organization there might be three joint congressional committees; one on budget and finances; one on civil service; and a committee on planning. If we had those three, you could clear very quickly with the three staff agencies of personnel, finance, and planning; and that would give, from my point of view, a better balance and an easier way by which Congress can see what is happening, can control what is happening, and can determine its own policy.

Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Merriam, here is what I am trying to do, and I am doing it on the record. I am trying to confess my complete helplessness when they come at me with 4 tons of literature in every session of Congress, and there are only 24 hours in the day. I just cannot handle it. And I am getting to the point where I feel I am not properly discharging my constitutional duties.

Mr. WOODRUM. You can get some big wastebaskets and a couple of aspirin tablets.

Mr. DIRKSEN. The only trouble is, Mr. Chairman, that it comes up here, and then it finally comes through in the form of a bill asking for $700,000,000 or $1,000,000,000 or $5,000,000,000 or whatever the amount may be, and then we have to pass on it and determine whether to give it sanction or not.

I wish you would think this over and I wish you would include a few observations in the record on this general matter of localizing this whole function to see if we cannot get somewhere with it.

(The following statement was subsequently submitted:)

The Board's recommendations concerning the organization of planning activities are set forth in "A Plan for Planning," pages 18-39, in the Report of the National Planning Board 1933-34 and reviewed in the various progress reports since that time. They are summarized briefly in the National Resources Development Report for 1942 and more fully stated in part II of the forthcoming report for 1943. The drafts of the pertinent sections of that statement were submitted to the subcommittee with the justification in advance of the hearing.

As noted elsewhere in this hearing, the Board "recognizes the desirability and necessity of encouraging planning activity by all Federal bureaus, departments, and agencies; to encourage the organization and participation of planning and research groups in the development of projects and of policy. The Board pro- · poses to continue the policy of using technical committees in different planning fields, combining personnel from Federal or other governmental agencies concerned, with experts and specialists from private life. The Board proposes to continue and to stress the policy of decentralization adopted by its predecessors. It will follow up the proposal for the development of planning centers for regional cooperation of Federal and State planning activities under the guidance of regional officers of the Board. It will continue the efforts of the National Resources Committee to stimulate and assist State planning efforts, and, through the cooperation of State planning agencies, to encourage local and district planning activity." (These excerpts are from the Board's Progress Report 1941, pages 3-4).

When the proposal was made over a year ago for a congressional committee on post-war planning, the Board was recorded as glad "to cooperate to the utmost with a joint committee of the Senate and House, if the Congress decides as a result of your deliberations to establish such a committee."

Mr. STARNES. I should like to make a comment or two, but off the record.

(Statement off the record.)