are estimated at $8,850, which includes $2,800 for maintenance of the Federal works.

The annual benefits are estimated at $12,300; consisting of $4,550 for savings in transportation costs, $1,850 for reduction in damages to boats, $5,700 for elimination of lost working time, and $200 for additional income from boat repair and storage. The benefit-cost ratio is 1.39.

A large number of the inhabitants in the area are dependent on the sea-food industry for a livelihood. The recommended improvement will provide a needed facility for fishermen and recreational craft and will serve as a harbor of refuge.

Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Chairman, I failed to ask for permission for a letter by Representative Bland, of Virginia, to be filed at the conclusion of the hearings and under the Rappahannock, and if there is no objection, I will ask the reporter to include the letter from Representative Bland indicating his interest in this project. The letter is dated April 21, 1949.

Hon. WILLIAM M. WHITTINGTON,

Chairman, Committee on Public Works,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR WILL: I understand that your committee will hold hearings on April 28 on an omnibus river and harbor bill, and that the item for improvement of the southwest side of Rappahannock River in the vicinity of Bowlers wharf will be considered around 11: 30 a. m. on that day.

I would personally appear at this hearing, but am scheduled to be in Chicago at that time to participate in the Fourth Annual Convention of the National Fisheries Institute.

I wish to urge most strongly that this item be included in the omnibus bill. A suitable harbor for commercial and recreational craft is needed in the vicinity of Bowlers wharf. This harbor is economically justified. Operations of commercial and recreational craft are handicapped by the necessity of anchoring in the exposed waters of Rappahannock River. Provision of a harbor near Bowlers wharf will benefit the owners of 76 sea-food boats and approximately 150 recreational craft which regularly base in the vicinity. The Board of Engineers has held that the cost of the improvement is justified by the anticipated benefits, and the Chief of Engineers has concurred in the views and recommendations of the Board.

I sincerely hope this item may be included.
Yours very sincerely,

S. O. BLAND.

Mr. LARCADE. Are there any questions, Mr. Fallon, Mr. Angell, Mr. Chesney, Mr. Ford, Mr. Lanham, Mr. Jones, Mr. Chairman? Mr. WHITTINGTON. No questions.

Mr. LARCADE. This concludes the projects for this morning. Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, in this connection, there have been many bills introduced for preliminary examinations and surveys. There is a bill, H. R. 3850, introduced by Representative Rooney, to provide for a preliminary examination and survey of Gowanus canal, Brooklyn, N. Y. You have a report on that and I will ask you to state what the preliminary cost will be and whether or not you recommend that that survey be made. If you have that, please, sir, you may insert your statement at this point in the record after you have answered those two questions.

Colonel MOORE. The cost of the study is estimated at $2,500 for the preliminary examination and $6,000 for the survey.

Mr. WHITTINGTON. Do you include, do you recommend the inclusion of that preliminary examination?

Colonel MOORE. Yes, sir; the Chief of Engineers recommends it.

Mr. WHITTINGTON. Yes speak for him. That will be at the conclusion of the hearings yesterday, Mr. Chairman; so we can be brought up to date.

Colonel MOORE. If the preliminary examination, which is estimated to cost $2,500, shows that this is unfavorable to improvement, the $6,000 will not be spent for the survey.

Mr. WHITTINGTON. Thank you, sir; very much.

Mr. ANGELL. Is that a new report or a review?

Mr. WHITTINGTON. A bill for preliminary examination and for

survey.

Off the record.

(Discussion off the record.)

(Various bills to provide for preliminary examination and survey, with reports attached, are inserted in the record at this point covering the following: Jules Creek, Va., H. R. 152; Cubitt Creek, Va., H. R. 227; Popes Creek, Va., H. R. 229; McKanes Bay, Va., H. R. 324; Pecks Creek, Va., H. R. 326; Back River, Md., H. R. 1203; Havre de Grace, Md., H. R. 3491.)

[H. R. 3850, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for a preliminary examination and survey of Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, New York

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Department of the Army be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be made of Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, New York, with a view to improving said canal in the interest of commerce and navigation.

GOWANUS CANAL, N. Y. (H. R. 3850)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 3850, a bill providing for examination and survey of Gowanus canal, Brooklyn, N. Y. :

Gowanus canal extends for a distance of 1 mile upstream from the upper limit of the federally improved Gowanus Creek channel at Hamilton Avenue, Brooklyn. The canal, constructed by the borough of Brooklyn for drainage and navigation purposes, has a width of 100 feet between bulkheads with a controlling depth at the present time of 7 feet. There is no existing Federal project for improvement of the canal. Improvement of the canal is not being considered in the report on Gowanus Creek now under preparation pursuant to a House committee resolution adopted March 19, 1946.

About 30 commercial concerns presently utilize the canal and the privately constructed basins connecting therewith for transportation of water-borne commerce. This commerce, consisting principally of petroleum products, coal, and building materials, exceeds 1,000,000 tons per year.

Local interests desire dredging and maintenance of the canal to a depth of 10 or 12 feet to permit navigation of barges and tugs on the waterway at all stages of tide, to enable loading of barges to capacity, and to eliminate damages due to grounding of vessels. They indicate that improvement would result in considerable savings in the cost of transportation of water-borne commerce. Cost of a study is estimated at $2,500 for the preliminary examination and $6,000 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 152, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for a preliminary examination and survey of Jules Creek, Westmorland County, Virginia, and of channel connecting said creek with Nomini Creek

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Army be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be made of Jules Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, and of channel con

necting said creek with Nomini Creek, with a view to increasing said channel to an adequate depth, and the Secretary of the Army is authorized and directed to submit recommendations and estimates for said improvement.

JULES CREEK, VA. (H. R. 152)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 152, a bill to provide for examination and survey of Jules Creek, Westmoreland County, Va., and a channel connecting Jules Creek with Nomini Creek:

Jules Creek is a small inlet in Nomini Creek about 2 miles upstream from Nomini Bay. Nomini Bay is located on the right bank of the Potomac River 24 miles above its mouth. The existing project for Nomini Bay and Creek, authorized by the River and Harbor Act of March 3, 1873, and subsequent acts, provides for a channel 9 feet deep, 150 feet wide and 14 miles long across the bar at the mouth, with a protecting stone jetty 2,410 feet long, and a channel of the same depth 100 feet wide within the creek, with turning basins at McGuires wharf and Deep Point wharf. The project extends over a distance of about 4 miles. The entrance channel and jetty have been completed. No work has been done on the channel and basins within the creek.

Two oyster shucking houses are located on Nomini Creek, at McGuires wharf and Beals wharf. The latter is immediately adjacent to Jules Creek. There are seven wharves on Nomini Creek.

Local interests desire improvement of Jules Creek to accommodate small-boat traffic. It is reported that the entrance to Jules Creek has filled to the point that even shallow draft vessels cannot move into or out of the creek.

Cost of a study is estimated at $1,800 for the preliminary examination and $4,000 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 227, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for a preliminary examination and survey of Cubitt Creek, Northumberland County, Virginia, and the channel connecting with the Chesapeake Bay

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be made of the channel in Cubitt Creek, Northumberland County, Virginia, and the channel connecting said creek with the Chesapeake Bay with a view to increasing said creek and channel to an adequate width and depth; and the Secretary of War is authorized and directed to submit recommendations and estimates for said improvements.

CUBITT CREEK, VA. (H. R. 227)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 227, a bill to provide for examination and survey of Cubitt Creek, Northumberland County, Va., and channel connecting with Chesapeake Bay:

Cubitt Creek enters the Potomac River from the right bank about 8 miles above the mouth. The mouth of Cubitt Creek is obstructed by a sand bar approximately 200 feet wide. A marsh area extends about 1,000 feet upstream from the mouth, with a meandering channel about 50 feet wide through the marsh. The nearest existing project is at Coan River, about 7 miles distant.

It is understood that local interests desire an entrance channel into Cubitt Creek of sufficient depth to accommodate the local oystering, fishing, and crabbing boats.

Cost of a study is estimated at $2,000 for the preliminary examination and $4,600 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 229, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for an examination and survey of Popes Creek. Westmoreland, County, Virginia, and of channel connecting said creek with Potomac River

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause an examination and survey to be made of Popes

Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, and of channel connecting said creek with Potomac River, with a view to increasing said channel to an adequate depth, and the Secretary of War is authorized and directed to submit recommendations and estimates for said improvement.

POPES CREEK, VA. (H. R. 229)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 229, a bill to provide for examination and survey of Popes Creek, Westmoreland County, Va., and channel connecting with the Potomac River:

Popes Creek is located on the right bank of the Potomac River about 5 miles downstream from Colonial Beach, Va., and about 35 miles above the mouth. Width of the creek varies from 150 feet at the mouth to 2,500 feet within the creek. Depths average 2 to 3 feet. The nearest existing project is at Monroe Bay and Creek in the vicinity of Colonial Beach.

It is understood that local interests desire provision of an adequate channel and turning and anchorage basin to accommodate the recreational craft and commercial sea-food boats operating in the vicinity. The improvement would also provide a water approach to the George Washington Birthplace National Monument.

Cost of a study is estimated at $2,000 for the preliminary examination and $5,000 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 324, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for a preliminary examination and survey of McKanes Bay, a branch of Rappahannock River

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be made of McKanes Bay, a branch of the Rappahannock River, Virginia, with a view to increasing said creek and channel connecting same with the Rappahannock River to an adequate width and depth, and with a view to construction of a circular breakwater in McKanes Bay, and the Secretary of War is authorized and directed to submit recommendations and estimates for said improvement.

M'KANES BAY, VA. (H. R. 324)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 324, a bill to provide for examination and survey of McKanes Bay, Essex and Middlesex Counties, Va.: McKanes Bay (McKans Bay) is located on the southwest side of the Rappahannock River 28 miles upstream from the mouth at Chesapeake Bay. The nearest existing project on the southwest side of the Rappahannock is located at Urbanna Creek, 13 miles downstream. A project for construction of a harbor at Bowlers wharf 5 miles upstream has been recommended to Congress (H. Doc. 109-81-1). About 40 boats with a total value of $95,000 are regularly based in McKanes Bay. Piers, wharves, and sea-food houses on the bay are valued at $25,000. Gross proceeds from the sea-food business is reported to amount to about $450,000 per year.

Local interests desire that a protected harbor be provided by construction of a breakwater or other appropriate structure together with the necessary channel thereto. They state that the improvement would eliminate the large amount of damage to boats, equipment, and shore installations heretofore suffered from storms.

Cost of a study is estimated at $2,200 for the preliminary examination and $5,800 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 326, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for a preliminary examination and survey of Pecks Creek, Richmond County, Va.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be

made of Pecks Creek, Richmond County, Virginia, with a view to increasing said creek and channel connecting same with the Rappahannock River to an adequate width and depth, and the Secretary of War is authorized and directed to submit recommendations and estimates for said improvement.

PECKS CREEK, VA. (H. R. 326)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 326, a bill to provide for examination and survey of Pecks Creek, Richmond County, Va. :

Pecks Creek is located on the left bank of the Rappahannock River about 36 miles upstream from its mouth. The creek is about 45 feet wide throughout the tidal length of one-half mile. The mouth of the creek is obstructed by a shifting sand bar which is above water at extreme low tide. The nearest existing project is at Totuskey Creek, about 11⁄2 miles downstream.

Local interests desire that the creek be opened to small-boat navigation. Cost of a study is estimated at $2,000 for the preliminary examination and $5,200 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 1203, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL Providing for a preliminary examination and survey of the channel in Back River, Baltimore County, Md.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be made of the channel in Back River, Baltimore County, Md., which is an estuary of the Chesapeake Bay.

BACK RIVER, MD. (H. R. 1203)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 1203, a bill providing for examination and survey of Back River, Md. :

Back River is a tributary to the west side of Chesapeake Bay 4 miles northeast of Sparrows Point, Baltimore County, Md. Controlling depths are about 8 feet at the mouth and 4 feet at the head of navigation. There is no existing project for improvement of Back River.

Local interests desire a channel 15 feet deep from the highway bridge near the head of navigation to Chesapeake Bay, a distance of about 7 miles. They indicate that the improvement would eliminate a deterrent to navigation by cleaning the river of sewage disposal from the Baltimore city disposal plant located in the area, as well as provide a more adequate channel.

Cost of a study is estimated at $2,000 for the preliminary examination and $7,000 for the survey.

The Chief of Engineers recommends an investigation.

[H. R. 3491, 81st Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide for a preliminary examination and survey for the construction of a channel from the yacht basin at Havre de Grace to connect with the Oakington Channel

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Army is hereby authorized and directed to cause a preliminary examination and survey to be made for the construction of a channel seven feet deep and sixty feet wide from the present yact basin at Havre de Grace, Maryland, westerly along the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay to connect with the Oakington Channel where the latter channel is approximately seven feet deep, just south of Persimmon Knuckle.

HAVRE DE GRACE, MD. (H. R. 3491)

The Chief of Engineers reports as follows on H. R. 3491, a bill providing for examination and survey for construction of a channel from the yacht basin at Havre de Grace, Md., to Oakington Channel :

Havre de Grace is located at the mouth of the Susquehanna River at the head of Chesapeake Bay. The existing project for the Susquehanna River at Havre