He can remove, and transfer from one college to another, the respective officers and professors, after advising with three members of the council. He prescribes all regulations appertaining to discipline, after they have been discussed by the University Council. He is the receiver of the statements of receipt and expenditure sent in from each college and school, and presents them to the University Council, by the hands of the Treasurer. All correspondence, relating to them, is conducted by him, and he requires reports, on matters arising out of it, from those members of the Council, to whose department such matters belong. He signs all the despatches; but to those which convey decisions in particular cases, the signature of the member of the council, on whose report such decision has been made, must be attached.

University Council.—All matters in dispute, which refer to the general government of the colleges, are submitted to the University Council. (This body consists of Thirty members, chosen from the Inspectors, Rectors of Academies, Professors, Deans of Faculties, and Provosts of Colleges; ten taken out of the two first of these classes, being members for life, named by the Sovereign; and the remaining twenty being annually appointed by the Grand Master.)

Inspectors-General.-The Inspectors-General, sixteen in number, who are appointed by the Sovereign on the recommendation of the Grand Master, are alternately sent by the latter on special missions, to inquire into the state of instruction and discipline in the academies, colleges, and schools, to ascertain the competency of the Principals, Professors, and Masters, and their due performance of their duties, to examine the pupils, and to maintain punctuality and regularity in the administration and accounts of those establishments.

Rectors. The Rectors, of which each academy has one, require periodical statements, from the heads of colleges and schools, of the state of their respective establishments, and to control their government, especially as concerns a rigid maintenance of the discipline prescribed, and economy in the expenditure. They must not only send private inspectors to examine into the state of the colleges, and public and private schools, but must visit them in person as often as possible.

Academical Councils.—The Academical Councils, consisting of ten members, functionaries of each local academy, and named by the Grand Master meet twice a month or oftener, under the presidency of the Rector. A part of their duty regards the state of the district colleges, &c., the abuses which may have crept into the discipline, expenditure, or tuition of those Institutions, and the remedies to be applied to such abuses, and to all disputes which may arise in them.

Four classes of Students.—There are four descriptions of students in these Colleges; young men placed in them by the government; pupils of the secondary schools, who have contended for admission; boarders, whose expenses are paid by their parents; and external pupils.

Each College governed by a Provost.—The administration of each college is confided to the Provost; who is assisted by a "Censor of Studies," and a "Steward" for the conduct of the affairs of the college.

Board of Administration.-In every town, where a college is situated, there is a Board for its administration: which board is the "Academical

Council." Or, where there is none, individuals delegated by the Rector of the academy, compose it. It assembles four times a year, or oftener, if deemed expedient, for the purpose of auditing the accounts, and exercising a general superintendence over the college. It possesses the power of expelling students for misconduct and breach of discipline.

Annual charge for a pupil, &c.—The average of the yearly charge for a pupil is fixed at 700 fr., and the yearly charge, made at each college, is prescribed by the government, and includes the board, lodging, fees to Professors, and other expenses. It is forbidden to any college to make a higher charge than that fixed by the government.

External pupils.-The External Pupils pay such annual stipend as is proposed by the board of local administration, and confirmed by the government.

Remuneration of the Professors.-The remuneration of the Professors and Functionaries is proportionate to the numbers of, and total sum received from, the pupils; save in the case of the Provosts, whose allowances bear a proportion to their labours and services.

One tenth part of the stipends paid by the pupils forms a Reserved-fund, divided according to a fixed scale between the Professors, Censor, and Pro

curator.

Two-thirds of the amount paid by the external pupils are distributed among the Professors, whose classes they frequent.

The yearly charge of each pupil is paid in advance of each quarter. Expense of Buildings.-The Buildings are maintained at the expense of each respective town.

Library.-A Library, for the use of the students, is attached to each college, consisting of fifteen hundred volumes; to which no additions can be made but by the consent of the government. The care of it devolves upon one of the pupils, as Librarian; and two Assistants: the Provost being responsible for loss or damage of the books.

Chaplain.-A Chaplain is attached to each college.

Royal pensions or Exhibitions.-Thirty-four pensions (Bourses Royales) are assigned to each of the Royal Colleges, which are defrayed by the government, and subdivided as follows:

"Whole pensions"...... 12 pupils, receiving in all 12 pensions.

The pupils enjoying three-fourths, or one-half of a pension, are required to find security for the remaining portion due by them.

These pensions are of four classes, viz. 1st. (at Paris) 750 fr. ; 2d. 625 fr.; 3d. 550 fr.; and 4th. 500 fr.

The pensions, or "Bourses Royales," can only be bestowed on pupils, between the ages of nine and twelve, who are the sons of individuals living in the district in which the college is situated; excepting, however, that a part, not exceeding one-fourth of them, may be conferred on the children of military persons, who have no fixed residence. The candidates must be

able to read and write, and be versed in the Elements of Latin and French grammar. The "three-quarter" and "whole pensions" are only granted by way of promotion, to such of the pupils as have signalized themselves by eminent good conduct and proficiency. They may enjoy the " Bourse" until that quarter of the year, in which they attain the age of eighteen : or in case it be necessary with a view to the completion of their studies, and provided their conduct has been satisfactory, the Grand Master may prolong their pension another twelvemonths.

Communal Exhibitions.-The stipends, founded by districts (communes), are obtained by competition: a list of three candidates for each vacancy is, after competition, sent up by the college, in which such a stipend has become vacant, to the "Council of Public Education," who immediately appoint those they deem to have most distinguished themselves to fill the vacancy.

The superior pensions are the reward bestowed upon such pupils, being stipendiaries already, as have most distinguished themselves in college.

Non-payment of sums due by relatives, &c.-The sums due by parents or others, on account of pupils, are, in default of payment, recoverable through the "Procureurs du Roi," on the requisition of a Provost. And all pupils whose expenses remain unpaid for a period of six months, are dismissed by the Provosts, and sent home to their relatives.

Titular Professors, viz. 1 for the 6th class, Latin, and Geography

Adjunct Professors.

Teachers; as many as there are classes, or sub-divisions of classes.

The PROVOST.-The superintendence and administration of the Royal Colleges, in connection with the University of Paris, are vested in the ProAll other functionaries are subordinate to him, as well as chosen and appointed by him.

vost.

He is responsible before God and man for a zealous and conscientious discharge of his trust, and for a vigilant superintendence of all points connected with religion, morals, discipline, and tuition.

Non-Catholics. He will take due care that every requisite facility is afforded, for the study and practice of their religion, to those who are not of the Catholic faith.

The administration of the domestic economy of the College is also under his charge.

Instructions from the "Council of Public Instruction."—He will notify, and cause to be executed, all decrees, judgments, directions, and decisions, relating to the College, issued by the "Royal Council of Public Instruction."

To visit the Infirmary and Refectory.—He will visit the Infirmary twice a day at least; and inspect the Refectory, on frequent occasions during the hours of repast; so as to ascertain that the food provided for the pupils is such as it ought to be.

To attend often at the Studies and Meals.-He will, from time to time, assist the Censors at the studies conducted by the Professors :—and visit the students' halls, particularly during the period devoted to prayers.

To inspect the Apartments.-During the course of the day, he will inspect the dormitories, and other parts of the establishment, frequently.

To Report certain Offences.-If he remark any gross neglect on the part of the College functionaries, he will report it to the Censor, whose duty it is to see the offence remedied.

To examine the daily Registers, and reprehend or admonish the Pupils.— The Provost will, every morning, examine the register of each class, in which the various officers insert notices relative to the conduct of the resident pupils. Each is handed to the Provost on the evening preceding; and after examining it, he will send for those pupils who may merit reprehension or admonition.

Weekly Report to be read on Sunday Mornings.-Every Sunday morning it will be the Provost's duty to accompany the Censor to the several Halls, and be present at the solemn reading of an abstract of the notices of the preceding week.

Collegiate Council once a Month.-On the first Monday in every month the Provost will assemble the Censor, Chaplain, and Professors, in order to consult with them on College matters. He will preserve a record of these discussions.

Quarterly Report to be made to Parents.-The Provost will transmit a report, every quarter, acquainting parents with the conduct, progress, and state of health of their child.

Half Yearly Statement to be sent in to the "Council of the Paris Academy." —At the end of the fifth and of the tenth month of the scholastic year, the Provost will deliver to the "Academical Council" a written statement, elucidatory of the discipline, studies, and general moral state of his college. To this statement he will annex detailed remarks on every pupil, whether resident or non-resident. These remarks must be divided into three series, according to the attainments or standing (la force) of the respective pupils, and must designate their Christian and surnames, age, place of birth, condition of their parents, the establishment to which they belong, the posts they have attained in each branch of study; as well as be accompanied by particular comments on the progress and deportment of each pupil.

Record of such Statement to be preserved.—The Rector of the Academy will see to the recording of the preceding particulars in the register deposited in the archives of the Academy.

CENSOR (Tutor.)—The Censor, in the Royal Colleges of France, is the special and immediate supervisor of every point connected with discipline and tuition; and acts for the Provost whensoever the latter is absent.

Daily Register of each Class.-He receives, every evening, the Tutors' reports, and delivers the daily register of each class to the Provost.

Weekly Abstract of each Class.-On Saturday evenings he hands to the Provost an abstract of the daily notices; as well as the Professors' reports on the conduct and labours of the non-resident pupils during the preceding week.

Personal superintendence of Pupils.-He personally superintends the pupils, when they rise, and when they go to rest; watches over them, when they join, and when they quit their classes; and superintends the refectory, promenades, and parlour.

Librarian and Keeper of Collections.—He is also the keeper of the library, as well as of all the collections of objects connected with science.

CHAPLAIN.-The Chaplain's duty is to instruct the pupils in religion, and train them up to religious habits.

He possesses equal rank with the Censor, and is named upon the presentation of the Provost, and with the approval of the Rector of the Paris Academy, who previously consults the Diocesan.

To visit the Infirmary daily.-The Chaplain resides within the College, and as near as possible to the Infirmary, which he is bound to visit daily. He takes his meals at the common table.

He is the depositary and conservator of the sacred vessels, and all articles used in the chapel. Every year the Council of the Academy determines, upon his report and that of the Provost, the sum needful to repair or renew these articles.

Divine Service in the Chapel.-He performs divine service in the chapel of the college, and delivers a lecture to the students on Sundays and Holy Days.

Books of Prayer.-Each student is provided with the books of prayers, &c. which are used in the diocese.