Disputes between clothiers and their workmen.

7 Jac. 1. c. 7.

13 G. 1. c. 23.

58 G. 3. c. 51.

29 G. 2. c. 33. 30 G. 2. c. 12. 14Ĝ.3. c. 25. 22 G. 3. c. 40. Disputes between masters and servants in the woollen, linen, fustian, cotton, and iron manufactures. 1 Ann. st. 2. c. 18. 13 G. 2. c. 8. 58 G. 3. c. 51.

Disputes between masters and their workmen in the leathern manufactures. 13 G.2. C. 8. 58 G. 3. c. 51.

Disputes between masters and their workmen in the making of hats, or in the woollen, linen, fustian, cotton, iron, leather, fur, hemp, flax, mohair, or silk manufactures. 12 G. 1. c. 34. 1. c. 23. 22 G. 2. c. 27. 4 G. 3. c. 37. 14 G. 3. c. 44. 22 G. 3. c. 40. 39 & 40 G. 3. c. 90.

13 G. 15 G. 3. c. 14. 17 G. 3. c. li. 41 G. 3. c. 38. 44 G. 3. c. 87.

17 G. 3. c. 56.

58 G. 3. c. 51.

Disputes between masters and their workmen in the bone and thread lace manufactory. 19 G. 3. c. 49.

Disputes between masters and their workmen in the manufacture of clocks and watches. 27 G. 2. c. 7.

Disputes between pipe-makers and their workmen. 36 G. 3. c. 111.

Disputes between masters and servants in husbandry, artificers, handicraftsmen, miners, colliers, keelmen, pitmen, glassmen, potters, and other labourers. 20 G. 2. c. 19. 31 G. 2. c. 11. 6 G. 3. c. 25. 57 G. 3. c. 122. 58 G. 3. c. 51.

Ship-masters and their seamen. 2 G. 2. c. 36. 31G. 3. c. 39. 45 G. 3. c. 81. 59 G. 3.

c. 58.

Tailors and their workmen within the bills. 7 G. 1. st. 1. c. 13. 8 G. 3. c. 17. Shoemakers and their workmen within the bills. 9 G. 1. c. 27.

Payment of the wages of workmen, labourers in certain trades, in bank notes. 58 G. 3. c. 51.

(B 64.) Poor.-Overseers of the poor, who are.

By the st. 43 El. 2. the churchwardens, and four, three, or two substantial householders to be nominated in Easter week, or a month after, under the hands and seals of two or more justices of peace (1 quorum) in or near the parish, shall be called overseers of the poor.

And if no such nomination, every justice in the division, and every mayor, alderman, and head officer, shall forfeit 51. for the relief of the poor, to be levied by warrant from the quarter sessions.

But a citizen and inhabitant in London, who resides for part of the year in the country, ought not to be chosen there. Carth. 161.

(B 65.) Their authority in relief of the

poor.

By the st. 43 El. 2. the overseers, or the greater part, shall take order, with consent of two such justices of peace, for setting to work the children of all parents they think unable to maintain them, and all persons having no means or trade to get their living by.

And to raise weekly, or otherwise, by taxation of inhabitant, parson, vicar, &c. occupier of lands, houses, tithes, coal-mines, &c. a stock for setting the poor to work, relief of the impotent, and putting out apprentices, &c.

And by warrant of two such justices to the present or subsequent overseers, to levy such tax by distress and sale of the offender's goods; and in defect of distress, such two justices may commit to the county gaol without bail, til! payment.

And shall meet once a month, in the church after afternoon service, (unless let by excuse allowed by two justices), to take course in the premises.

And in four days after the year and others nominated, shall account for all monies received or assessed, and their stock, and deliver what is in hand to the new overseers, on pain of 20s. if negligent in office, or the orders aforesaid made with assent of two justices. 3 A

VOL. IV.

And

And the monies or stock behind on such account, may be levied by distress and sale, &c.; and two justices may commit the churchwarden or overseer refusing to account, till he account, and pay what is due on such account.

Provided, if any be aggrieved, &c. the justices of peace at the quarter sessions may make a final order.

And the head officers of a corporation, being justices of peace, shall have, in and out of sessions, the authority of justices in the county.

If an overseer be in arrear upon an account, he shall not be committed but upon default of a distress. R. Sal. 533.

Though it be by the quarter sessions. Sal. 533.

If he be in arrear upon an account, the justices may order payment to the successor. R. Sal. 484.

But a mandamus to account to the successor will be quashed; for he ought to account to the justices. R. Sal. 525.

So, a mandamus for a rate for reimbursement of the predecessor. R. Sal. 531.

If an overseer gives a general account, he cannot be committed for not giving a particular account. R. Sho. 395.

By the st. 43 El. 2. the churchwardens and overseers, with agreement of the lord of the manor and order of quarter sessions, may build houses on the waste, for the impotent poor, and no other, to dwell in.

Overseers ought to relieve impotent persons only. 2 Bul. 348.

By the st. 3 Car. 4. churchwardens and overseers, with assent of two justices of peace (1 quorum), or of one, if no more in that division, may set up and use any trade, &c. for setting on work, and relief of the poor of that parish.

By the st. 3 & 4 W. & M. 11. a register shall be kept, at the charge of the parish, of all relieved, and when first, and for what cause, which at Easter, or oftener, shall be examined, &c. and none relieved unless registered, or by order of quarter sessions, or under the hand of a justice of peace, or in case of small pox, plague, or pestilential diseases. Or, by st. 9 Geo. 7. upon sudden occasions.

So, by the st. 8 & 9 W. 3. 30. a poor person, his wife and children in the same house, (unless there to nurse an impotent parent,) shall wear a P. with the first letter of the parish in blue or red cloth on the right shoulder of the upper garment; and for neglect the justices of peace may abridge or take away the relief, or send to the house of correction for twenty-one days; and no other shall be relieved on pain of 20s. to be levied by the justices, on conviction by one witness, by distress and sale, a moiety to the poor, a moiety to the informer.

By the st. 9 Geo. 7. justices shall not order relief, till oath of a reasonable cause for it, and of refusal by the vestry, &c. and till hearing overseers, or summons of them, and their default to appear.

Generally the justices ought to determine who are impotent. 1 Vent. 69.

And an order for relief shall not be quashed though the party be able to work. 1 Vent. 69.

Though the party be a bastard, for such a one may be relieved as impotent. 1 Sal. 123.

Yet

Yet the order for relief must say, that the party is poor and impotent, otherwise it will he quashed. R. 5 Mod. 397.. And justices cannot order the finding of an house for the poor. 5 Mod. 397.

(B 66.) In charging the parish.

Every parish ought to be charged for the relief of their own poor. So, a parish in reputation, which in the 43 El. and ever since had churchwardens, &c. Per 2 J. Houghton cont. 2 Rol. 160. R. Cro.Car. 93. 395. Jon. 356.

So, by the st. 13 & 14 Car. 2. 12. s. 21. it is enacted, that where in Lancashire, &c. and many other counties, for the largeness of the parishes, the inhabitants cannot reap the benefit of the st. 43 El. 2. the poor in every township or village in the said counties shall be maintained, kept, &c. in the township or village where he inhabits or was last settled; and there shall be yearly chosen two or more overseers of such township, &c. who shall execute all powers for relief of the poor, &c.; and the justices shall have the same powers to do every act in such township or village, &c. as they might do in any parish, &c. by the st. 43 El. 2.

R.

And extraparochial places, having several houses, that may have the denomination of a vill, shall be within the benefit of that statute. 11 Ann. Sal. 486. in marg.

So an extraparochial place may be charged in aid of another parish unable, &c. Per Holt, Sal. 486. Carth. 515.

So a mandamus lies to justices of peace to appoint overseers in an extraparochial place to provide for the poor there. R. 2 Mod. Ca. 39.

But an extraparochial place, that has no appearance of a parish or vill, will not be within the provision of these statutes. R. Sal. 486. So, generally, all vills within a parish may be charged for the relief of the poor of the whole parish. R. 1 Sid. 292.

Though there was an ancient chapel there, and some rates there; if it has not the reputation of a parish. R. 4 Mod. 157.

Though the parish lies in several counties, if every part has not distinct officers and rates, and the reputation of a distinct parish. R. Ray. 477.

So the whole parish ought to be charged together, and not a single part or vill. R. Jon. 356.

The rate may be levied before the quarter expires. Semb. Mod. Ca.

214.

If the justice of peace refuse to allow the rates, B. R. will send an attachment. 1 Sid. 377.

There shall be an appeal upon an account before two justices. Sal. 533.

Upon an appeal by particular persons, the sessions may quash the whole rate, and order a new one by themselves, or direct the officers to make it. R. Sal. 483. 524.

But they cannot order a standing rate. R. Sal. 526.

Every inhabitant shall be rated according to his visible estate, real or personal, in the same parish only. Per all the J. 2 Bul. 354.

3 A 2

Things

Things real, which render an annual revenue, shall be rated as well as land: as, shops and sheds.

- Quit-rents. Semb. Carth. 14.

Salt-pits, and the toll of a market.

Tithes; for the clergy are subject to all charges imposedly Parlia ment. R. 5 Car. 1. Per all the J. in England, ut diciturr Hale. 1 Vent. 273.

Lands, which belong to an hospital. R. Sal. 527.·

But the occupier pays the tax to the poor, not the lessor. Per all the J. in England. 2 Bul. 354.

Though the lessor covenants to pay taxes upon the land; for lies upon the occupier. R. 2 Mod. Ca. 314.

And if an occupier of land in B. has no goods there, he may be distrained where he inhabits, in another parish. Per Holt, at Hertford,

1698.

If it be in the same county. Adm. Mod. Ca. 214, 215.

So, if rated in A. and he afterwards removes to B. Per Holt, Mod. Ca. 214, 215.

The lessee of a stall in a market shall not be charged. 2 Rol. 238. 2 Rol. 289. 1. 35. [This was for repairs of a church.]

Several families shall be rated severally. R. Sal. 532.

214.

Mod. Ca. The rate shall be only for a month. Sal. 532. Mod. Ca. 214.

(B 67.) In charging the hundred or county.

By the st. 43 El. 2. if the parish be not able, &c. such two justices of peace may rate any of another parish in the hundred as they think fit; and if the hundred is not able, the justices at the quarter session shall rate any of another parish in the county to pay such sum, &c. as they think fit.

Two parishes cannot be rated together for relief of the poor of both, but if one be insufficient, the other may be charged in aid of it. Per Holt. M. 3 W. & M. Vide Sal. 480, 481.

The charge may be upon one or more inhabitants in a parish, for aiding of the other parish. 2 Bul. 353. R. 1 Vent. 350. Sal. 481. If a parish be taxed in aid of another, the tax may be enlarged or diminished, when the poor in the other parish increases or decreases. Per Jon. 2 Bul. 353.

So a tax may be assessed in gross upon a parish to the relief of another. Sal. 480, 481.

Or, any in such parish, without assessing the whole parish. R. V19 Vent. 350. Sal. 481.

TA

100 Or, an extraparochial place. Per Holt, Carth. 515. Sal. 486. But the justices at the sessions cannot make a parish contributory to another, unless it be first ordered by two justices. R. 5 Mod. 397.

(B 68.) In charging the relations.

By the st. 43 El. 2. the father, grandfather, mother, grandmother, and children of a poor impotent person, being of ability, shall at their own charge maintain such person, according to the rate, that the justices of peace of the county, where the sufficient person dwells, at the

quarter

quarter sessions shall assess, on pain of 20s. per month, to be levied by two justices of peace, or mayor, &c. by distress and sale, &c.

An order upon a relation for relief, shall be made at the quarter sessions of the county where the party charged inhabits, otherwise it is void. R. 2 Bul. 345.

And it is not good, unless it appears that the party relieved is not able to work. Semb. 2 Bul. 344.

The putative grandfather of a bastard is not chargeable within this statute; for the law knows no such person. Semb. 2 Bul. 344. R.

1 Vent. 310.

Nor the wife of the putative father; for a bastard is not within the statute. Vide 2 Bul. 346. Per two J. 2 Bul. 350.

If a man marry the grandmother of an impotent person, with whom he has a substance, he is chargeable in respect of the substance which he had with his wife, and shall be said to be grandfather. 2 Bul. 345. R. 2 Bul. 346.

So, if land descend to the wife, after marriage. 2 Bul. 347.

Otherwise, if he had not any substance with her in marriage. Per Cro. 2 Bul. 345. Per two J. 2 Bul. 346.

Though he afterwards becomes able by the industry of his wife. Per Cro. Whitl. cont. 2 Bul. 347.

Nor shall he be charged after the death of his wife, though he had a substance with her. Per Cro. 2 Bul. 347. cont. Comb. 405.

By the st. 5 Geo. 8. churchwardens or overseers, by order of two justices, may take goods or rents of lands, &c. of the husband, father, or mother, who leaves his wife or children a charge to the parish and the order being confirmed by the quarter sessions, the justices there may direct a sale of the goods; and the overseers shall be accountabie to the quarter sessions.

A father charged is not to be committed, till an order made and a refusal by him to pay the 20s. per mensem, and a default of distress. Vide 2 Bul. 344.

The quarter sessions may order a father to pay 2s. a week till other order. R. Sal. 534.

If there be a bond to save a town harmless from A. his wife and children, it extends to children born afterwards, or before. R. Skin. 556. And to the children of the son during his life, not afterwards. Skin. 557.

(B 69.) Relief of poor prisoners, maimed soldiers, and

mariners, &c.

By the st. 43 El. 2. justices of peace at Easter sessions shall rate every parish in a county or corporation, at a weekly sum not above 6d. nor less than a half in any parish, nor above 2d. for every parish, one with another through the county, to be assessed by agreement among the parishioners, or in default by the churchwardens and petty constables of the parish, or in their default by order of a justice of peace in or near the parish, and to be levied by the churchwarden or constable, or in their default by a justice of peace by distress and sale of the offender's goods, and for want of distress, a justice of peace may commit without bail, till payment. And the justices of peace at such quarter ses