nance authorizing or involving the expenditure of money or collection of money by a tax or assessment shall pass unless it receive the assent of a majority of all the aldermen in office, and except as otherwise provided in this act. The ayes and noes shall be called and recorded on all ordinances, resolutions and appointments.

§ 48. Compelling attendance of absent members.-The attendance of absent members may be compelled by the common council, or by a meeting thereof at which less than a quorum is present, by the entry of a resolution and order in the minutes, directing the chief of police or any police officer of the city to arrest such absent member and take him before the common council at the meeting at which such member was absent, or at some subsequent meeting, to answer for his neglect.

§ 49. Legislative powers of common council.-The general legislative powers of the city for all proper municipal purposes, except such as may be vested in other city boards or officers, shall be vested in the common council. It shall exercise, except as otherwise provided by law or by this act, all the corporate powers of the city and have the management and control of the finances and of all the property belonging to the city. It has the authority to enact, amend or repeal ordinances, not inconsistent with the laws of the state, for the government of the city and the management of its business, for the preservation of good order, peace and health, for the safety and welfare of its inhabitants. and protection and security of their property. All the legislative acts of the common council shall be by ordinance. The powers of the common council include the power to enact odinances* for the purposes specified in section fifty of this act and for the following additional purposes:

1. Relating to peace and good order generally. To preserve the public peace and good order; to prevent or suppress vice, immorality, disorderly or gambling houses, and houses of ill fame, riotous, tumultuous assemblages, unnecessary crowds upon the streets or in door-ways and stairways adjacent thereto, or loitering about such places, and all disorderly, noisy, riotous or tumultuous conduct within the city, disturbing the peace and quiet of the city or any meeting or assembly therein.

So in original.

2. Care of property.-To provide for the care, custody and preservation of the property, books, records and papers belonging to the city, and to regulate the use and management thereof; to prevent and provide for the punishment of any unlawful interference with, or injury to, the water works or sewer systems, cemeteries and other city property.

3. Use of streets generally. To regulate the use of the streets and public places by pedestrians, vehicles, street cars, railways and locomotives; to regulate the speed of railway engines, cars and street cars through the city, and to prevent the obstruction of streets thereby; to regulate the length of time they may be allowed to stand upon and impede travel upon street crossings; to require and compel railroad companies to provide and keep flagmen, or watchmen at dangerous street crossings, and to erect and maintain proper hoisting or other gates thereat; to regulate the erection of poles and stringing of wires by telegraph, telephone and electric light companies in the streets and public places; and to compel such companies to place their wires in conduits; to provide for the cleaning of streets, public places, and the sidewalks and gutters therein, and for the removal of ice or snow therefrom, and from the roofs of buildings abutting thereon; to regulate or prevent the throwing of ashes, offal, dirt or garbage therein, and to regulate the carting, drawing away and deposit or disposal thereof; to regulate the erection of signs, sign-posts, awnings, awning-posts, hitching-posts and horse-blocks; to regulate or prevent the driving of wagons, barrows, carts, bicycles or other vehicles, and all animals, along any sidewalk; to regulate or prevent the leaving of horses standing in the public streets or places loose and unattended; to regulate the speed of automobiles in the streets of the city; to regulate or prohibit coasting or skating in the streets and public places; to regulate the opening of street surfaces, and the laying of gas and water mains, and the erection of gas and other lamp-posts or other devices for lighting the streets; to prohibit or regulate the erection or construction of any stoop, step, platform, baywindow, cellar, area, stairs, descent or ascent into any building, or any erection or projections from any building or otherwise, in, over or upon any street or sidewalk, or the removal of any house or building through the streets of the city; to require persons driving horses with sleighs or cutters to carry

ringing bells, either upon the horses, sleighs or cutters; to regulate the width of tires on all wheeled vehicles, and generally to preserve the streets and public places of the city free from all obstructions and disturbances therein, or injury thereto, and from any interference with the free and peaceable use thereof by the public.

4. Animals running at large; dogs. To restrain, regulate and prevent cattle, sheep, horses, swine, dogs, geese and other animals and fowls running at large in said city, and to authorize the seizure and sale thereof for the penalty incurred by such running at large and the cost of their keeping; and to make regulations for taxing, muzzling and confining dogs, and for destroying such as are dangerous or may be found running at. large contrary to any ordinance.

5. Gambling and games of chance.-To suppress gambling and gaming tables and all instruments and devices employed in gaming; to regulate or restrain pool and billiard playing and the playing of games of chance by minors in public places.

6. Vagrancy. To restrain and punish street beggars, vagrants and mendicants.

7. Noxious occupations. To regulate and restrain all occupations and business noxious to public comfort.

8. Licensing occupations. To prohibit the pursuit or exercise, without a license granted by the mayor or under such regulations as the common council may prescribe, of any of the following trades or occupations, within the city:

a. Hawking and peddling in the streets and public places of the city;

b. The business of public hackmen, cabmen, expressmen, cartmen, pawnbrokers, auction sales, auction stores and junk dealers, and may require licensed conveyances to be numbered;

c. The business of runners for stages, railroads, hotels, tav-. erns or other houses;

d. The business of theatrical or opera performances, concerts, circuses, acrobatic exhibitions, the exhibition of all curiosities, of all feats of legerdemain and necromancy, or other exhibitions of common showmen;

e. Billiard rooms, bowling alleys and other places of similar amusements;

f. The selling, keeping and storing of gun powder, gun cotton, blasting powder, dynamite, and all dangerous or explosive materials.

9. Advertisements and hand bills. To prohibit, regulate and restrain the exhibition, circulation and posting of advertisements and hand bills.

10. Obnoxious and dangerous practices. To prohibit, regulate or restrain the ringing and tolling of bells, blowing of horns and whistles, crying of goods and wares at auction, flying of kites, throwing of snow balls or ice, horse racing and immoderate driving, and the use of guns, pistols, fire works, and detonating works of all descriptions; or any act in the public streets or elsewhere in the city having a tendency to frighten horses, to injure or annoy persons, or to injure or endanger property.

11. Slaughter houses.-To prohibit the erection or continuance of and to regulate and prescribe the location of slaughter houses and of all places where cattle, sheep or swine shall be kept within the city, and to prohibit the slaughter or keeping thereof in any other places than those so directed.

12. Markets and marketing.-To regulate the sale and place of sale of wood, hay, straw, grain, lumber and other marketable articles from wagons, sleighs and other vehicles and to fix the fees for weighing, selling or measuring the same; to regulate and designate public places or markets for the sale of fresh meats, fruit, poultry, butter, cheese, eggs, honey, vegetables, game birds, fish, and other articles usually disposed of from market wagons, and the fees for marketing privileges; to regulate the management, care and use of the public markets.

13. Prevention or extinguishment of fires.-To regulate the manner of erecting brick, stone or other material for walls and buildings and the thickness thereof, to prohibit or require the removal of any such as may be deemed dangerous; to raze or demolish any building or erection which by reason of fire or any other cause has or may become dangerous to human life or health, or tend to extend conflagration; to regulate the construction of chimneys and the sweeping thereof; to prevent the setting up or require the removal of stoves, pipes, boilers and other articles deemed dangerous; to prohibit or regulate the deposit of ashes; to regulate the carrying on of manufactures which are liable to cause or promote fires; to regulate the use

of lights in stables and other buildings in which combustible materials may be collected or deposited, and prescribe the use of lanterns or safety lamps in such stables or other buildings; to require, regulate or permit such other acts to be done as the common council may deem proper to prevent the occurrence or provide for the extinguishment of fires in the city.

14. Lock-ups, police stations and police headquarters.-To establish, maintain and regulate a city lock-up or police station, for the detention and safe keeping of offenders, vagrants and other persons under arrest and to provide a keeper therefor, and for the proper care thereof; to establish police headquarters and other necessary rooms for the police department.

15. Public buildings and parks. To purchase ground and erect necessary buildings thereon, and to purchase grounds for a public park or parks, and to lay out and maintain the same, provided the necessary funds for such purposes shall have been voted at an annual or special election held as provided in this act, but not otherwise.

16. Maps. To make or cause to be made maps of the city and of the several wards thereof.

17. Street names and lot numbers. To designate and alter the names of the streets and the number of all lots and buildings and to compel the owners or occupants of buildings to affix thereto the proper numbers thereof in such manner as it may direct.

18. Deposit of offensive substances.-To prevent the casting into any pond or stream within the city of any dead animal, offal. filth or foul, offensive or poisonous substances, or thing, or any earth, stones or rubbish; to prohibit all persons from bringing or depositing any unwholesome, putrid or decaying carcass, skins, hides, fish, meat or other substance within said city, and to require or authorize the removal or obstruction thereof.

19. Sewers, drains and pipes.-To regulate the location and construction of private sewers, drains, water or gas pipes, and prevent injury to or obstruction of any sidewalk thereby.

20. Injury to trees, fences and other property.-To prevent the injury or defacement of shade or ornamental trees and of fences, walks, posts and buildings in said city.

21. Powers, duties and compensation of officers.-To prescribe and define the powers and duties of city officers which are not specified in this act, and are not inconsistent therewith; to fix