Information Seeking in Electronic Environments"Significant amounts of our time and energy are devoted to creating, managing, and avoiding information. Computers and telecommunications technology have extended our regard for information and are driving changes in how we learn, work, and play. One result of these developments is that skills and strategies for storing and retrieving information have become more essential and more pervasive in our culture. This book considers how electronic technologies have changed these skills and strategies and augmented the fundamental human activity of information seeking. The author makes a case for creating new interface designs that allow the information seeker to choose what strategy to apply according to their immediate needs. Such systems may be designed by providing information seekers with alternative interface mechanisms for displaying and manipulating multiple levels of representation for information objects. Information Seeking in Electronic Environments is essential reading for researchers and graduate students in information science, human-computer interaction, and education, as well as for designers of information retrieval systems and interfaces for digital libraries and archives"--Publisher description. |
Contents
Information and information seeking | 1 |
What is information? | 5 |
Preview | 9 |
Information seekers and electronic environments | 11 |
Influence of electronic digital technology on personal information infrastructures | 14 |
Interactivity | 17 |
Systems data structures and algorithms | 22 |
Informationseeking perspective and framework | 27 |
Why browse? | 102 |
Browsing strategies and tactics | 106 |
Limitations of browsing | 117 |
How systems support browsing | 120 |
Bibliographic and online search systems | 121 |
Fulltext search systems | 123 |
Graphics search systems | 125 |
Visual queries and browsers | 132 |
Humancentered models of information seeking | 29 |
Studies of users of electronic retrieval systems | 30 |
Factors of information seeking | 32 |
Information seeker | 33 |
Task | 36 |
Search system | 38 |
Domain | 45 |
Setting | 46 |
Outcomes | 47 |
Summary of factors | 48 |
Informationseeking process | 49 |
Recognize and accept an information problem | 51 |
Choose a search system | 52 |
Formulate a query | 53 |
Execute search | 55 |
Extract information | 57 |
Reflectiteratestop | 58 |
Foundations for personal information infrastructures Informationseeking knowledge skills and attitudes | 61 |
General cognitive facility | 62 |
Domain expertise | 66 |
System expertise | 67 |
Informationseeking expertise | 68 |
Patterns strategies tactics and moves | 71 |
Analytical search strategies | 76 |
Online search tactics | 81 |
Searching fulltext online databases | 83 |
Naive models of information seeking | 85 |
Novice users of bibliographic search systems | 86 |
Novice users of systems containing primary information | 89 |
Lessons learned from novice users of primary search systems | 98 |
Browsing strategies | 100 |
Information retrieval techniques and mechanisms to support browsing | 135 |
Designing support for browsing A research and development perspective | 139 |
Representations | 140 |
Mechanisms for managing representations | 147 |
Probes | 148 |
Zooms and pans | 150 |
Filters and templates | 152 |
A geometric metaphor | 155 |
Browsing and humancomputer interaction | 157 |
Design perspective for supporting informationseeking strategies | 160 |
The continuing evolution of information seeking | 162 |
Physical consequences of information in electronic form | 163 |
Intellectual consequences of information in electronic form | 167 |
Constraints and challenges for continued evolution | 174 |
Intellectual property authority and copyright | 175 |
Social and political constraints and challenges | 178 |
Subject access and information problems | 179 |
Human nature | 181 |
Evolution and mutation | 183 |
Future directions and conclusion | 185 |
Communities of perspective and interdisciplinarity | 187 |
What kinds of information environments do we want? | 189 |
Multimedia knowledge bases | 191 |
Intelligent agents | 192 |
Implants ubiquitous computing and humanmachine symbiosis | 193 |
Conclusion | 195 |
Notes | 197 |
201 | |
215 | |
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Common terms and phrases
activity allow users analytical strategies apply augmentation behavior bibliographic bibliographic databases browsing strategies cognitive cognitive load complex concepts controlled vocabulary database defined depend develop documents domain effects electronic environments electronic systems end users entry points examination example expectations factors filtering full-text goal graphical highly interactive human human-computer interaction hypermedia hypertext images indexes information problem information retrieval information science information seeking information systems information-seeking process information-seeking strategies intellectual intermediaries knowledge learning levels libraries manipulation mapping Marchionini mation mechanisms mental models menus metaphor needs networks noumena novices objects online searching organized Perseus personal computer personal information infrastructures perspective physical query expansion query formulation relevance feedback representations requires scanning search strategies search systems seek information seekers selection sets Shneiderman skills specific string search structures studies subprocesses SuperBook support browsing tactics task techniques tion types visual zoom