Living SystemsOffering a detailed analysis of each of the major aspects and characteristics encountered at all seven levels, Living Systems identifies multiple variables of each of 9 matter-energy and information-processing subsystems, the normal and pathological states of these variables, and practical indicators for measuring changes in them. It also specifies cross-level formal identities among the levels and describes the artifacts, machines, or technologies at each level. |
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Page 408
... response ( the unconditioned response or UR ) . The US is then paired with another information input ( the conditioning stimulus or CS ) which does not evoke this response . In Pavlov's pioneering studies in this field , the US was the ...
... response ( the unconditioned response or UR ) . The US is then paired with another information input ( the conditioning stimulus or CS ) which does not evoke this response . In Pavlov's pioneering studies in this field , the US was the ...
Page 411
... responses . The intervening variables are not assumed to correspond directly to any known neural process or structural change . Instead of emphasizing the stimulus - response bond as the associationists do , structuralists conceptualize ...
... responses . The intervening variables are not assumed to correspond directly to any known neural process or structural change . Instead of emphasizing the stimulus - response bond as the associationists do , structuralists conceptualize ...
Page 492
... response is defined as the average frequency of an R class , relative to the maximum possible frequency under the specified experimental conditions , held constant over time . This expresses the likelihood that a response will occur at ...
... response is defined as the average frequency of an R class , relative to the maximum possible frequency under the specified experimental conditions , held constant over time . This expresses the likelihood that a response will occur at ...
Contents
Tables of the Critical Subsystems | xi |
Preface to the First Edition | xxvii |
Outline of Chapters 3 4 and 6 through 12 | xxxviii |
Copyright | |
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acid activity adjustment processes amino acids animals associated axon behavior bits blood boundary brain carry cell membrane cellular central nervous system cerebral cortex cesses changes channel capacity chemical complex cortex cross-level cytoplasm decider decoding decrease developed echelons encoding energy entropy environment enzyme error Example experimental experiments extruder feedback fibers function genetic glands glucose higher hormones human HYPOTHESIS increased information input information output information processing input rate input transducer internal transducer learning living systems markers mation matter-energy memory ment microtubules mitochondria mitosis molecules motor nerve nervous system neural neurons nucleus occur organelles organism level organism's output rate output transducer oxygen patterns percent produce protein Psychol pulses receptor cells relationships Reprinted by permission response retina sensory signals similar simulation species storage stored stress structure subjects substances suprasystem synapses synthesis theory tion tissue transmission transmitted types variables various