Living SystemsOffering a detailed analysis of each of the major aspects and characteristics encountered at all seven levels, Living Systems identifies multiple variables of each of 9 matter-energy and information-processing subsystems, the normal and pathological states of these variables, and practical indicators for measuring changes in them. It also specifies cross-level formal identities among the levels and describes the artifacts, machines, or technologies at each level. |
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Page 125
... pulses were initiated in the external environment . The number of pulses or signals trans- mitted per second in a message on a channel need not , of course , be the same as the number of bits per second . It depends upon the code ( see ...
... pulses were initiated in the external environment . The number of pulses or signals trans- mitted per second in a message on a channel need not , of course , be the same as the number of bits per second . It depends upon the code ( see ...
Page 128
... pulses to release acetylcholine , the substance that elicits pulses in muscle fibers ( see page 254 ) , is one explanation of decreased output Output in pulses per s 45 40 35 30 25 20 5 10 5 20 40 End plates o --- Muscle fibers 60 80 ...
... pulses to release acetylcholine , the substance that elicits pulses in muscle fibers ( see page 254 ) , is one explanation of decreased output Output in pulses per s 45 40 35 30 25 20 5 10 5 20 40 End plates o --- Muscle fibers 60 80 ...
Page 129
... pulses per s responded to increase in input tone frequency with increase of output pulse rate up to an input rate of 4 kilohertz ( kHz ) ( see Fig . 5-8 ) . Frequencies above that elicited decreasing output rates . A change in intensity ...
... pulses per s responded to increase in input tone frequency with increase of output pulse rate up to an input rate of 4 kilohertz ( kHz ) ( see Fig . 5-8 ) . Frequencies above that elicited decreasing output rates . A change in intensity ...
Contents
Tables of the Critical Subsystems | xi |
Preface to the First Edition | xxvii |
Outline of Chapters 3 4 and 6 through 12 | xxxviii |
Copyright | |
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acid activity adjustment processes amino acids animals associated axon behavior bits blood boundary brain carry cell membrane cellular central nervous system cerebral cortex cesses changes channel capacity chemical complex cortex cross-level cytoplasm decider decoding decrease developed echelons encoding energy entropy environment enzyme error Example experimental experiments extruder feedback fibers function genetic glands glucose higher hormones human HYPOTHESIS increased information input information output information processing input rate input transducer internal transducer learning living systems markers mation matter-energy memory ment microtubules mitochondria mitosis molecules motor nerve nervous system neural neurons nucleus occur organelles organism level organism's output rate output transducer oxygen patterns percent produce protein Psychol pulses receptor cells relationships Reprinted by permission response retina sensory signals similar simulation species storage stored stress structure subjects substances suprasystem synapses synthesis theory tion tissue transmission transmitted types variables various