Living SystemsOffering a detailed analysis of each of the major aspects and characteristics encountered at all seven levels, Living Systems identifies multiple variables of each of 9 matter-energy and information-processing subsystems, the normal and pathological states of these variables, and practical indicators for measuring changes in them. It also specifies cross-level formal identities among the levels and describes the artifacts, machines, or technologies at each level. |
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Page 19
... Abstracted system 4.3.1 Units The units of abstracted systems are relationships abstracted or selected by an observer in the light of his interests , theoretical viewpoint , or philosophical bias . Some relationships may be empir ...
... Abstracted system 4.3.1 Units The units of abstracted systems are relationships abstracted or selected by an observer in the light of his interests , theoretical viewpoint , or philosophical bias . Some relationships may be empir ...
Page 20
... Abstracted versus concrete systems One fun- damental distinction between abstracted and concrete systems is that the boundaries of abstracted systems may at times be conceptually established at regions which cut through the units and ...
... Abstracted versus concrete systems One fun- damental distinction between abstracted and concrete systems is that the boundaries of abstracted systems may at times be conceptually established at regions which cut through the units and ...
Page 21
... abstracted systems are used it is essential that they be distinguished from abstractions . Is " culture " an abstraction , the class of all stored and current items of information which are shared in common by certain individuals who ...
... abstracted systems are used it is essential that they be distinguished from abstractions . Is " culture " an abstraction , the class of all stored and current items of information which are shared in common by certain individuals who ...
Contents
Tables of the Critical Subsystems | xi |
Preface to the First Edition | xxvii |
Outline of Chapters 3 4 and 6 through 12 | xxxviii |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity adjustment processes amino acids animals associated axon behavior bits blood boundary brain carry cell membrane cellular central nervous system cerebral cortex cesses changes channel capacity chemical complex cortex cross-level cytoplasm decider decoding decrease developed echelons encoding energy entropy environment enzyme error Example experimental experiments extruder feedback fibers function genetic glands glucose higher hormones human HYPOTHESIS increased information input information output information processing input rate input transducer internal transducer learning living systems markers mation matter-energy memory ment microtubules mitochondria mitosis molecules motor nerve nervous system neural neurons nucleus occur organelles organism level organism's output rate output transducer oxygen patterns percent produce protein Psychol pulses receptor cells relationships Reprinted by permission response retina sensory signals similar simulation species storage stored stress structure subjects substances suprasystem synapses synthesis theory tion tissue transmission transmitted types variables various