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lippus, and chopped of his hedde and gnawed it in pieces with his teeth. Thus for our present purpose it appeareth that the twoo sonnes in lawe of Adrastus were both outlawes, and therefore did Cicero geue Marcus Aquilius the name of Adrastus.

65.
Of the office
afore noted.
Lucius Cotta a
gredie drinker

of Censour is

In the time whyle Lucius Cotta was Censour, (who was taken for the greatest swielbolle of wyne in the woorlde one of theim,) where Cicero standing in election for the consulship happened to be very drie, and had drounke a draught of water enuironed and hidden from the Censours sight on euery side with frendes, he saied: Ye water. doe well to feare lest I should haue the Censour my heauie lord, because I drinke water.

¶ Cicero made as though he beleued his frendes for this cause to stande thicke about him, that the Censour might not se him drinking water. For like beareth fauour to like. And vnlike hateth vnlike. So that the Censour being soche a gredie drinker of wyne, if he had seen Tullius drinking water, would haue suspected him to doe it in contumelie & reproche of him.

When Marcus Cælius (who was thought to be discended of father and mother not fre but bonde] had with a loude and a whole voice reade a lettre before the Senate, Cicero saied: Maruaill ye nothing hereat my lordes. For this is one of theim that hath had a good loude breste in his dayes.

¶ Signifiyng, that Caelius had been a commen cryer, and that by long vse it had come vnto him to haue a shrille voice. And in dede bondmen that were to be sould, wer wont to bee made the beste of, by the oyes of the cryer.

of wine.

Cicero drounke

Like beareth fauour to like, and vnlike

hateth vnlike.

66.
What Cicero

said of Cae

lius, who had a loud voice.

excused Cato

Unto one Memmius reproching Cato the 67. Vticensian, and saiyng that he would bee drounke Howe Cicero euen whole nightes through, Yea [quoth Cicero] but thou speakest nothinge at all that all the daye time he would be plaiyng at dice.

for making merie now &

then, in the night time.

¶ Manerly

Cato would bee busie in the

day time, and merie in the

night.

68.

What Cicero

saied to lulius Caesar, defending the doughter of Nicomedes kyng of Bithynia.

69.

Howe Cicero

defeacted the

Marcus Callidus against Gallus.

Manerly excusing Cato, who bestowed all the whole daye vpon the affaires of the commonweale, and would take an houre or two or three of the night to take some recreacion of mynde, and to refreshe his spirites. And in deede it is written of Cato that he would now and then be merie and make good chere.

Unto Caius Cæsar earnestly defending the cause of Nicomedes his doughter in the senate hous, and rehersing the benefites & great pleasures of the king towardes him, Cicero saied: No more of this I beseche you, for it is not vnknowen what he gaue to you, and what ye gaue to him.

The pith and grace of the saiyng dependeth of the double sense that might be taken of the woorde dare. For in latine he is proprely said, dare, to geue, that conferreth a benefite: and also a woman is said in latine, dare, that is gentle and kinde of her fleshe. Wherof the Poete Martialis thus writeth to a woman, vis dare, nec dare vis, that is, ye will geue and ye will not geue, &c. Caesar had an euill name, that when he was in Bithynia in his youthe. at what time he fled from Rome for feare of Sylla, whereof is mencioned in the firste Apophthegme of thesame Iulius Caesar, he was somewhat more at the commaundement of king Nicomedes, then the lawes of chastitee do require.

Marcus Callidius accused Gallus, and Marcus Tullius defended Gallus. And when the accuser accusacion of affirmed that he would both by witnesses, by Gallus owne handie wrytinges, and also by examinacions confessed afore, make due proufe that there had been vennyme tempreed and made readie in a cuppe for him by the partie arrained: but yet all the while pronounced soche an hainous matter, with an vnearnest countenaunce, with a dedde voice, and with the residue of his iesture, nothing hote nor vehemente, Marcus

Tullius

Tullius saied: O Marcus Callidius, if thou did- Faint handling of a plea, argudest not feine this gear wouldest thou handle eth the cause thy plea so faintelie?

¶ Gatheryng, of his countenaunce and iesture, that his wordes came not from the harte.

Thesame Cicero after this sort iested on Isauricus I meruaill what the matter is, that thy father being alwaies one maner a man, hath left

thee vnto vs so diuerse.

¶ A mery worde depending of ambiguousnesse of the vocable. For, Varius, in latine, and diuerse, in englishe is called one that is of a waueryng mynde and nothing substanciall, he is also called in latine Varius, in englishe diuerse, that is marked with the prientes of stripes. And in deede it was commenly noysed that this Isauricus had been scourged afore of his father with whyppes. And thereof came thatsame, not the saiyng, but the deede of Marcus Caelius, whose chayre of estate when Isauricus beeyng Consull had broken, he set vp an other with whippes kerued in it, without any wordes thretenyng thesaied Isauricus, and also castyng in his teeth, that he hadde ones been scourged with whippes of his father.

། The saiynges of Demosthenes

THE ORATOUR.

Plutarchus and other historiographers dooen write that Demosthenes had a poor woman to his mother and a woman vnknowen, his father kept a Cutlers shoppe and solde kniues, a good honest man and meetely welthy, as the whiche when he died left vnto his sonne honeste substaunce, but because Demosthenes was then but a litle childe, he and his patrimonie was committed to certain executours or feoffers who beguiled Demosthenes so ferre, that they neither regarded to sette him to schole, nor while he was at schoole to paie his schoolemaisters duetie. At last he became the most noble Oratour that euer was in Grece. And then tooke in hande to be a doer in the commenweale, and spared not to sette against Philippus with moste vehement orations inuectiues, and wore out Philippus

24

to be weake and vntrue.

70. How Cicero iested on Isau

ricus who had been beaten with whippes of his father afore.

Howe Marcus
Caelius serued

Isauricus for
throwing doun
his chaire.

How Demos

thenes aun

I.

swered Pytheas
laiyng to his
charge that
his oracions
smelled of

Philippus wel enough, and after him Alerander. But Antipater sent certain of his garde to slea him. Demosthenes hearing thereof fled priuely into a litle Isle named Calauria, and there kept himselfe secrete. At last he was founde out. And when he sawe that there was no remedie but that he should be had to Antipater, he desired that he might haue licence first to write an epistle to the Atheniens. And taking a penne in his hande he begonne his epistle thus: Demosthenes to the Atheniens greting and well to fare. And euen so brake of writing and receiued poyson whiche he had long time of a purpose kepte vnder the stone of his Ring, and so poisoned him self out of hande. Plutarchus ioineth the life of Demosthenes and of Ciccro bothe together, and compareth them twoo together as a verie good matche and well coupled For (saieth he) when God at the firste beginning, formed Demosthenes and Cicero, bothe after one paterne, he semeth to have putte and enspired into their natures and disposicions, many like qualitees, as for example, that bothe the one and the other was ambicious, bothe the one and the other a Citezen franke, bolde, & plain in telling his minde to the people, bothe of them to perilles, ieoperdies & warres not verie hardie men. There wer in their fortunes also many thinges commune, as well to the one as to the other. For I can not finde any other twoo oratours, whiche being of sembleable lowe birthe, grewe to bee so greate men of authoritee and dignitee, and whiche durst auenture to withstande kinges and chief gouernours, and lost their doughters, wer banished their countrees, and returned, fette home againe with honour, eftsones voided their citees, came into the handes of their enemies, and finallie, whiche were extincted together, with the libertee of their countree.

*

Ne Pythias obiected to Demosthenes, that his argumentes of Rhetorike smelled all of the candle: signifiyng, that he pronounced none oracion, but out of writyng, and made with greate studie, by Candle in the night time. Whiche saiyng Demosthenes in soche wise reuersed backe again, *This Pytheas that he auouched himself and the other partie, not to be at equall charges for candle.

the candle.

was in the time of Phocion and Demosthenes, a man

¶ Noting that the other was a continuall reueller and gourmander by night, and bestowed more money on riotous banquettyng, then he on his behalf did on studie.

newly come vp in Athenes of late, and by eleccion put in authoritee to haue doing and saiyng in the publique affaires of the citee, partly by giftes and rewardes, and partely by speaking faire vnto the people. And when he was ones gotten vp, to beare some stroke in the citee, he would haue to doe in euery matter, and weaxed a wondrous buisie medler in al causes, insomoche that at commen assembles, he would often times trouble all the whole compainie with

his dailie pratleing, vntill Phocion at last said: Will this feloe here neuer holde his peace, that came but yersterdaie in maner out of the shel, and one that hath brought the people of Athenes to be his owne?

Unto others obiecting vnto him, vnmeasurable affectacion of eloquence, he thus aunswered, the study of eloquence to declare a manne that loueth the people, and can be contented to be feloe like with the people: and contrariwise to neglect the study of eloquence, to be the guise of soche persones, as sought to bee lordes ouer the people, as the whiche went aboute, not to perswade men by fine vtteraunce of a matter, but to compell them parforce.

As often as Phocion should arise to saie his minde in any assemblee, Demosthenes would saie of thesame Phocion to his frendes that sate nexte by hym: Now ariseth vp the axe of al my

reasons.

2.

How Demosthenes pourged himself of the obieccion of

ouermoche

study of eloquence.

3.

Phocion the

axe of De

mosthenes his

reasons.

Demosthenes

For Phocion was brief in telling his tale, but Phocion and sharpe as an axe. And his custome was for the moste fewe times parte to be of a contrarie minde and opinion to De- agreed. mosthenes.

The people of Athenes importunely required 4. Demosthenes to take vpon hym the accusyng of What Demosa certaine persone. And when Demosthenes

refused to doe it, the people begun to be vp in a
rore against hym (as commenly thei wil in soche
a case) then Demosthenes arisyng, spake in this
maner: O ye men of Athenes, ye haue of me a
faithfull counsailor & helper at al times of nede,
whether ye
will or not, but a false accuser shall
ye neuer haue of me, wold ye neuer so fain.

thenes saied

when the Atheniens earnestlie praied him to

accuse a cer

tain persone.

5.

Demosthenes had been one of the tenne whom the Atheniens had sente ambassodors vnto Phi- Demosthenes one of the ten,

lippus kyng of Macedonie. So after that whom the Aeschines and Philocrates (which two Philippus Atheniens

had

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