Menyllus Cap- woulde itain of Anti (for loue and good wille) haue geuen Pho cion money, Phocion takynge great indignacion pater his garrison in Athenes and foule skorne at the matter, saied, that neither Phocion refused he the said Menyllus was better man then Alexander, & the cause to take any reward or gift of money now was worse then at that time when he refused to take money sent vnto him by Alexander. to take money of Menyllus his gifte. This is touched afore in the 8. Apophthegme. 15. Antipater could neuer persuade Phocion to take any money, nor fill Demades with giuing. Demades had no feloe in making an oracion without studie, wheras De mosthenes 16. penned all his matters How Phocion ought not to of an other. 17. ¶ O an herte that could not bee coniured ne bought with money. Antipater would many times saie, that whereas he had two frendes in Athenes, he coulde neuer in all his lyue perswade Phocion to take any money or other thing of his gifte, nor neuer fille Demades with geuing. This same was Demades the oratour who was excellent and passing good in making an oration, or setting out of a tale without any study or vnprouided, whereas Demosthenes made none oracions but diligently penned afore. Unto Antipater requiring hym to dooe for his sake some thing whatsoeuer it was not standing with iustice, he saied: O Antipater thou cannest not haue of Phocion a frende and a flatterer both together. ¶ A frende is at commaundement so ferre as conscience and honestee will suffre, and no ferther. For in deede one frende ought in no wyse to require of another frende a thing that is vniust. But as for a flaterer, he is a readie and a seruiceable paige for whatsoeuer a body will haue him doe. When the people of Athenes were importune that Phocion should take an armie with hym For ferther de- into Beotia, and Phocion iudged in his mynde claracion herof that so doing would be nothinge for the profite of the commen weale, he made a proclamacion, reade the annotacion of that the xi. Apophthegme of this Phocion. that as many as were in the citee betwene sixteen yeares of age and sixtie, should be in a readinesse and come foloe him. The aged men in this case criyng out against him, and allegeyng for their excuse that they wer impotent and feble for age, Why (quoth Phocion) there is none vnreasonable thing conteined in my proclamacion, How Phocion sens that I my selfe doe make ready to goe forth with them as their capitain being .lxxx. in a sodain yeres of age. staied the Atheniens being pangue to ¶ By this subtile meanes he appeaced & cooled the warres with sodain heate of the commens. been the Beocians. Phocion beyng innocente, condemned to death by the people of Athenes. After the death of Antipater, the commen- 18. weale of the Atheniens beyng come again to soche state that the people *rewled, and wer euery man like maister, Phocion was at a commen assemblee condemned to die. And so it was that his other frendes whiche had condemned to death together with him at the same time, went piteously wepyng and making lamentacion when they were led to prieson, but Phocion went as stil as a lambe not speaking a woorde. But one of his enemies meeting with him in the streete, after manie despiteous and railling wordes, spette in his face. Then Phocion looking backe vpon the officers, saied: Will The pacience no man chastice this feloe here vncomely de- of Phocion. meaninge himselfe ? ¶ This moste vertuous and godly man euen when there was with him none other way but death, had care of the publique good ordre to be kept. He made no complainte of that so hainous a touch of vilanie, neither did he require auengement against the partie who contrarie to the lawes was eagre to shew crueltee vnto a cast man: he onely willed the euil exaumple, that was contrary to good mannier and be haueour Phocion when he was cast to die yet had care of good ordre to bee kepte in the citee. : haueour to bee repressed and to that horrible cruell dede he gaue no worse name but vncomely de meanure. *The Philosophiers that doen write of politique gouernaunce describen the state of commenweales to haue been diuerse in diuerse places. Somewhere, kinges gouerned, as in Persia and in Rome at the beginning, and now in Englande, whiche was called Monarchia, & this state all wryters doen agree vpon to be the best. Some commenweales haue been gouerned by a certain noumbre of magis. trates and counsailours, as in Rome, from the exterminacion of kinges vntill the tyme of Iulius Caesar, and at this present daye in Uenece, and this was called Oligachia, or Aristocratia. Somewhere all the people ruled and were echeman of egual autoritee, as in Athenes vntill they were yoked by the xxx. tyrannes, and afterwarde conquered and subdued by Philippus, and after him holden in subiection by Alexander, after him by Antipater, after whose deceasse thei obteined again their first state, which was called Democratia. And this was of all other the worst, as here may ryght well appere, for the people beyng sembleable to a monstreous beaste of many hedes did thinges heddily without due counsaill, aduise, deliberation, discretion or reason, as the Atheniens beyng in furious ragies moste wrongfully put to death many innocent persones, highe clerkes and noble counsaillours, as afore is noted in the v. apophthegme of this same Phocion. With Phocion were condemned to death Nicocles, Thudippus, Hegemon, and Rithocles. And besides these were condemned being absent Demetrius, Phalereus, Callimedon, Charicles and sondrie persones mo. 19. comforted Thu Of those persones whiche were to suffre death Howe Phocion with Phocion, one man especially emong all the dippus being others, being woondrefull impacient bewailled out of pacience his mishappe whom Phocion coumforted after this sorte: Is it not enough for thee O Edippus (or as some readen Thudippus) to dye in compaignie with Phocion. when he should dye. It maie be a comforte for an innocent wrongfully to suffer with innocentes. 20. Of the maner of putting condemned persons to deth in Athenes, read Phocion was doen to death, not onely beyng without gilt but also beyng one that had doen highly well for the commenweale. It ought therefore to haue been estemed a great comfort and reioycing for the partie beyng innocente, wrongfully to be put to death with soche an innocent and good man as Phocion was. At his laste houre, when the bruage of wyne and the iuice of hemlocke tempreed together was brought vnto hym, one demaunded of him whether he were disposed any thing to saie vnto his sonne, (for thesame was there present :) Dere sonne sonne (quoth Phocion) I both streightly charge and commaunde thee, and also right hertely desire and praie thee, neuer to beare towardes the Atheniens any grutch or malice for the remembreaunce of this matter. afore in the an notacion of the 54. Apo- Socrates. his death. The entier zele and affeccion ¶ To other persones when they suffre execution the at the houre of chief comfort, that thei commenly haue, is the hope of their death to be afterward auenged: but Phocion did al that in him laye to prouide that the sonne shoulde not reuenge the wrongful murdreing of his own father, and was more desirous that thesame should beare tendre zeale and affection toward his countree, then toward his parente. of Phocion toward his Countree. Phocion loued Unto Nicocles making instaunt request for 21. licence to suppe of his part of the poison before that Phocion should, Well (quoth Phocion) though this bee an hard thing to obtein and moche against my stomake, yet must it nedes be graunted vnto that man whom I neuer saied naye of any thing in al my life time. ¶ Phocion had euermore borne singuler loue and affection towardes Nicocles the moste feythfull and truest herted man emong all the frendes he had, and for that consideracion it would haue ben a great grief to the herte of Nicocles to see the other passyng out of this world. Which grief to auoyde, he desired to drinke first himselfe. And in this thyng also did Phocion shewe pleasure to his frende. and fauoured Nicocles singularrlie well. Nicocles the moste trustie Phocion had. frende that When all the cast men sauing he alone had 22. dronken, and onely Phocion was remayning vnserued by reason that the poysoning had been al consumed by the others, the hangman saied plainly and swore that he would not serue hym excepte there wer laied doun in his hand .xii. good drachmes (litle vnder vi. s. sterlyng,) for an ounce of hemlocke iuice (he saied) would coste not The price of an ounce of Hemlocke iuice in Athenes saied when the hangman would not minister the poison vnto him without money. What Phocion not a ferthing lesse. Phocion therfore to thende that his death might not be delaied or slacked through the feloes brableing, to one of his frendes purposely called, thus he spoke. For as moche as it is so (saied he) that in the citee of Athenes a man can not die neither but he must paie for it, I beseche you hartely, paie the hangman here his askyng. 23. How Phocion rebuked De mosthenes cast When Demosthenes was busie casting out many bloudy wordes against Alexander being now at the veray point to winne & entre the citee of Thebes, Phocion tooke him vp with this many railyng greke verse of Homere, out of the first booke of wordes against Alexander. his werke entituled Odyssea. yng forth σχέτλιε, τίπτ ̓ ἐθέλεις ἐριθίζεμεν ἄγριον ἄνδρα ; O weked creature, what phansie hast thou, The saiynges of Marcus Of Marcus Tullius Cicero to speake as his worthinesse requireth, were to write an infinite volume couched and replenished with whole heapes of laudes and prayses. But for this present purpose and place it shal be enough to saie, that he lyneally descended from the house of Tullius an auncient kyng of the Volstes. But (as the world and all thinges are full of chaunges) so in long processe of yeres the ioylitee of that bloud and name fell to decaye and to ignobilitee. Albeit euen in the time of Cicero the Tullies remained in the degree and acceptacion of gentlemen, and Cicero euen at his firste comming to Rome, enioyed the degree of a gentleman, and like as he was vnder the estate of the Senatours whiche were lordes, so was he aboue the condicion and degree of the yeomanrie or comenaltie, his father was called Tullius, a man of no great name nor porte, his mothers name Olbia a ryche woman. He was borne in a toune of the Volstes called Arpium, (free of Rome to enioye all maner fraunchesses, libertees, priuileges, and offices in thesame). Neuerthelesse all soche persones as neuer had their parentes dwelling at Roome, ne bearyng any magistrate or office there, were called, Noui homines, new men, that |