classifications, namely, size of enrollment, geographical region, and type of school organization.1

The 460 schools included in this study are grouped in Table 2 under the classifications described in footnote 1. Junior high schools are strongly represented. Fifty-eight of the 86 schools having enrollments of 100 or fewer are regular 4-year high schools. If the senior high schools and the other reorganized schools (mainly 5-year and 6-year undivided schools) are combined to form a single group of reorganized schools other than junior high schools, then the total number of schools is distributed among the three main types of organization as follows: (1) Regular 4-year high schools, 162; (2) junior high schools, 147; and (3) other reorganized schools, 151. Unless significant data appear for the group of senior high schools, the data for types of school organization will be presented in the tables under the three types just indicated.

1 The enrollment classification is subdivided into five groups, as follows: 100 and fewer, 101 to 300, 301 to 750, 751 to 1,500. and 1,501 and more.

The five regions are New England, Middle Atlantic, South, Middle West, and West. Each of these regions includes several States, as follows:

1. New England: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.

2. Middle Atlantic: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the District of Columbia.

3. South: Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. 4. Middle West: Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Kansas.

5. West: Arizona, New Mexico, California, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Nevada, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

In the tables of this report, when regional groupings are included, the following abbreviations are used: N. E. for New England, M. A. for Middle Atlantic, S. for South, M. W. for Middle West, and W. for West.

The third classification of schools, namely, type of school organization, is subdivided as follows: (1) Regular 4-year high schools, (2) junior high schools, (3) senior high schools, and (4) other reorganized schools.

These four types of school organization, when included in the tables of this report, are usually abbreviated as follows: 4-year for regular 4-year high schools, junior for junior high schools, senior for senior high schools, other for other reorganized schools.

In most of the tables in the report the senior high schools and the other reorganized schools are combined and called "other reorganized schools."

TABLE 2.-Classified summary of 460 returns to the special inquiry on health work in secondary schools

Respondents. The special inquiry form on health work was addressed to principals of secondary schools. Of the 460 responses, 388 specified the person who filled in the form. In 294 cases the principal supplied the information. In all but 16 of the 388 cases the form was filled in by either the administrative head of the school or a person identified with the program of health work. Thus it is felt that the data contained in this report have been supplied by persons in authority.

Year in which the program of health work was launched.Two hundred and seventy-two respondents specified the year in which a definite program of health work was launched in their schools. The trend among the schools, classified according to types, is indicated in Table 3. Clearly, the movement to make health work a major part of the school program has come into full swing since 1920. When it is remembered that the group of junior high schools for the entire study is slightly smaller than either of the other two groups in the table, it appears that this group of schools adopted programs of health work at a somewhat earlier date than the others.

TABLE 3.-Year in which program of health was launched in 272 secondary schools

Source of agitation for the adoption of a program of health work. The data concerning the source of agitation for a program of health, presented in Table 4, show in an impressive way the part local school authorities have played in making health work a part of the regular program of the school. In the detailed tabulations of the data, which can not be reproduced here, two facts stand out. The first of these is the prominence of State and county agencies or officers as sources of agitation among the small schools (with enrollments of 300 and fewer) and among the 4-year high schools. The other fact is the overwhelming extent to which the agitation for health work among the junior high schools came from the local school authorities. Evidently the junior high schools have not waited for State laws to be passed or for localized health units to bring pressure to bear before they adopted programs of health work.

TABLE 4.—Number of schools denigrating certain sources of agitacion leading to the adoption of a definitive program of teală vurs

Reference materials on health education.-In connection with the study of health work in the schools, a bibliography of more than 400 references has been assembled. This by no means includes all the publications in this field. These references, of course, can not be reviewed here. A few, however, deserve to be mentioned as typical in this field. S. A. Courtis conceives the three types of goals for health education to be (1) perfection of structure, (2) perfection of funetioning, and (3) perfection in maintenance. General programs of health work are discussed in such works as those by Hutchinson 3 and Wood."

As regards practices and trends in the administration of health work, reference should be made to studies by the American Child Health Association, Rogers, 78 Ready, Stetson and Cozens,10 and Way." Typical in the field of

'Courtis, Stuart A. Goals of Health Education. Research Quarterly, 1:86 99, October,

1930.

* Hutchinson, Dorothy. Suggestions For a Program of Health Teaching in the High School, Health education series, No. 15. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1923 • Wood, Thomas D. What is the Best School Health Program and How Best to Admini ter it? N. E. A. Addresses and Proceedings, 68: 507-509, 1930.

American Child Health Association. Principles and Practices in Health Education, from the sixth health education conference arranged by the American Child Health Associa tion and held at Sayville, Long Island, N. Y., June 16-20, 1990. New York, American Chil Health Association, 1931. 485 pp.

Rogers, James Frederick, comp. School Health Activities in 1990 Bummary of inform tion collected for the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection U. 8. Government Printing Office, 1931. 33 pp. (U. 8. Offer of V dystion

21.)

Progress and Prospect in School Health Work * M * Men, M4 IN Washington, U. S. Government Printing Offer, Maren, 18.

State-wide Trends in Betool Hydera wa Yum VA 2010 U. S. Government Printing 0262, 1999, (6 3. GEAM VARCHA

13 pp.

Ready, Marie M., and Rogers, Jaman Produ

United States, 1929-1930. Ch X. H; Cena un 7penthes c
Washington, U. 8. Government Printing (".

Stetson, F. L., and Com

Education in the Becondary YOUNG VA

Oregon, 1927.

11 Way, A. B.

the materials of instruction are works by Aldworth' and Cairns. 13

In a publication of the State Education Department in New York, Bauer 14 presents a study of the health and physical education programs in smaller high schools in New York State. Follow-up work is considered by Burton.15 Health training for teachers is discussed by Leavitt.10 Hussey17 and Oberteuffer 18 have studied the principles and methods of teaching health. Jones 19 has investigated housing and equipment in the athletic, health, and physical education departments in 100 high schools.

Other representative studies in the field of health are those by Hoefer and Hardy,20 Light," Robson,22 and the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection.23

2. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

Acquaintance with State requirements.-The first question concerning the organization and administration of health work was whether or not the law in the State required that

11 Aldworth, Eleanore. A Comparison of Principles for Evaluating Health Source Materials with Those Designed for General Textbooks. Master's thesis, New York University, 1931. 107 pp.

13 Cairns, Laura. A Scientific Basis for Health Instruction in Public Schools. University or California Publications in Education, Berkeley, University of California Press, vol. 2, No. 5, November, 1929.

14 Bauer, E. A. A Study of the Health and Physical Education Programs in Smaller High Schools of New York State. State Education Department, Albany, N. Y., 1930. MS.

17 pp.

15 Burton, Arthur Brombacker. The Techniques Used in New York City Schools as Follow-ups to Health Inspection to Guarantee Health Correction. Master's thesis, New York University, 1931. 82 pp.

16 Leavitt, R. G. Health Training for Teachers. Health education series, No. 8. ington, U. S. Government Printing Office, March, 1931.

Wash

17 Hussey, Marguerite M. Principies and Methods of Teaching Health. Doctor's thesis, 1931. New York University, New York. 176 pp. MS.

18 Oberteuffer, Delbert. Two Problems in Health Education. Journal of Health and Physical Education, 2:306, 46-47, February, 1931.

19 Jones, H. A. Status of Equipment in Athletic, Health, and Physical Education Departments of 100 High Schools in the United States. School Review, 38:55-60, January, 1930.

20 Hoefer, Carolyn, and Hardy, Mattie C. Influence of Improvement in Physical Condition on Intelligence and Educational Achievement. 1928. Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, Chicago, Ill. In National Society for the Study of Education. 27th Yearbook. Nature and Nurture, Bloomington, Ill., Public-School Publishing Co., 1928, pp. 371-387.

21 Light, Alice C. A Study of the Relation of Posture to School Success. Master's thesis, 1930. New York University, New York City. 64 pp.

22 Robson, J. Stanley. A Study of Health Interests and Behavior of High-School Students. Master's thesis, 1931. University of Southern California, Los Angeles. 220 pp.

23 White House Conference on Child Health and Protection. Communicable Disease Control. Report of the committee on communicable disease control, George H. Bigelow, chairman. New York, N. Y., Century Co., 1931. 243 pp.