courage, intelligence, and, aggressive leadership of the Scotch-Irish element in the population of Western Pennsylvania. The Scotch-Irish are a masterful race, wherever found. But, while largely dominating and giving tone and character to the early settlement and subsequent history of Western Pennsylvania, they are not entitled to all the credit they have received. The people of that part of Pennsylvania have been from the first a really composite people. Virginia and Maryland furnished to that section nearly all its first settlers; the French established no permanent settlements. Next came the Scotch-Irish in considerable numbers, with an occasional family direct from Scotland, and a few English, Celtic Irish, Welsh, and Huguenots, and then came many Pennsylvania Germans and other Germans. Afterwards came men from New York and New England, especially to the northwestern section. All these strains of blood were represented in the settlement of Western Pennsylvania in its first hundred years, and to these have since been added very many latter-day Germans and representatives of other nationalities. So that, while it is true that the Scotch-Irish element has been and still is the dominating element in that section of Pennsylvania, it has been greatly strengthened by the admixture of the other elements that have been mentioned. A curious illustration of the correctness of this statement is found in the fact that three of the noted judges and public men of Pittsburgh in the early part of the last century, namely, Henry Baldwin, Walter Forward, and Charles Shaler, were all natives of Connecticut.
Not including the names of individuals or firms or names mentioned in the Chrono-
logical Chapter, but including the names of companies.
Cleveland Iron Mining Company. .221, 223
Coal, anthracite
224, 225, 227, 228
Coal, bituminous, in Pa... 120, 121, 224-228
Coal, raw bituminous, use of......230, 231
Coal trade of Pittsburgh, beginning of 263
Coke industry, beginning of, in Pa... 229
Coke, production of, in Pennsylvania.. 227
Columbia Railroad, building of... 140, 143
Conestoga Lock and Dam Nav. Co.... 135
Conestoga wagons described.
Conewago Canal, building of.
Connellsville coke, manufacture of.
Connellsville, early shipping port.. 117
Copper, first mill at Pittsburgh.. 243, 244
Copper, Lake Superior, development of 243
Cornwall iron ore hills.....
216-219
Cotton goods, manufacture of, in Pa.. 177
Crefeld settlers of Germantown.... 27-30
Crucible steel, manufacture of, in Pa. 231
Cuban iron ores.....
Cumberland Road, building of 109, 110, 313
Delaware and Hudson Canal..163, 166, 252
Delaware and Schuylkill Nav. Co..... 136
257 Delaware Division Canal Company... 148
106 Delaware Indians....
13, 14, 70-74
Delaware river and bay, when named 12
Despatch Transportation Company... 150
Drovers in Pennsylvania..
Dunkards in Pennsylvania..
Brady's Bend Iron Company.
Bridge, chain, first, in England.
Bridge, chain, first, in U.S.. 248-250, 254
Bridges, early, in Pennsylvania... 102, 103
Bridges, wire suspension, in U. S. 250-254
Bridle paths in Pennsylvania..102, 103, 107
Brownsville, early shipping port... 119-121
Buffaloes in Pennsylvania.
96-101
Bushy Run, battle of.
1, 260, 307
19, 309, 342
229
30, 31, 39
6, 9, 40, 351
National Road, building of.. 109-112, 313
236
Natural gas, general use of.
Natural gas, production of, in Pa. 181, 182
Negro slavery, act abolishing..
Negro slavery in Pennsylvania...
German settlers in Pa...
Germans, Penn's love for.
Germantown, first settlers of.....
Glass, manufacture of, in Pennsylvania 180
Great Meadows, battle of..............
Great Western Iron Company
Hannastown, burning of, in 1782....
Hannastown, resolutions of 1775.. 301-303
Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy,
Negro slavery, protest against 56, 57, 66-69
Negro slaves at Pa. iron works.... 61, 62
Negro slaves in Pa. down to 1840.. 62-65
Negro slaves owned by Penn..
257
Negro slaves, statistics of....
Negroes in cities of the U. S.... 7, 65, 66
Negroes in Pennsylvania in 1900.. 65, 66
2
New England, civic pride in...
New Jersey Steel and Iron Company 232
New Orleans, early trade with... 118, 119
New Wales, name proposed for Pa. 22-24
Nickel, manufacture of, in Pa.... 242, 243
0.
Ohio, civic pride in..
Ohio Company...
255, 256
Ohio Steamship Navigation Company 125
Open-hearth steel in United States 232, 233
Otis Iron and Steel Company........ 233
and Lancaster Railroad Company.. 167
Hessian prisoners, sale of, in Pa... 49-51
Hessian soldiers in the Revolution...
Homestead Steel Works, when built.. 213
Huguenots, French, in Pennsylvania 31, 35
37, 38, 40, 41, 351
Imprisonment for debt in Pa..
Indians in Pennsylvania.... 12-14, 70-74
Iron ore, first use of Cuban..
231
Iron ore, first use of Lake Superior.. 231
Iron ore in Pa..... 174, 175, 216-219
185-201
7, 228
Iron works, early, in Pa..
Italians in Pennsylvania..
Paper, when first made in Pa.
Penn's charter in 1681... 11, 12, 14-17, 26
Pennsylvania and Ohio Transp. Co... 150
Pennsylvania Canal, building of.. 139-148
148
Pennsylvania Canal Company
Pennsylvania Canal, freight rates on.. 152
Pennsylvania Canal in operation..149-155
Pennsylvania Canal packet boats.. 154, 155
Pennsylvania Canal, portable iron
Pennsylvania, climate of.
Lehigh Crane Iron Company.
Lehigh Navigation Company.
Lehigh Valley Railroad Company..
Lehigh Zinc Company....
Pennsylvania Coal Company
Pennsylvania, counties of..
Little Schuylkill Navigation, Railroad,
and Coal Company....
Liverpool and Manchester Railway Co. 157
Locomotives, first, in the U. S.... 162-164
Locomotives, manufacture of, in Pa... 182
Lumber, production of, in Pa.... 177, 178
Lutherans in Pennsylvania..
31, 39
Pennsylvania divided into three parts
Pennsylvania Dutch, origin of name 41, 42
Pennsylvania, early navigation in.. 114-123
Pennsylvania, few Indian relics in... 5,6
Pennsylvania first to develop petrole-
um industry..
Pennsylvania, lack of civic pride in.. 1-10
Pennsylvania largest consumer of nat-
ural gas..
Swedish settlers in Pennsylvania... 11-15
19, 20, 21, 37, 40
Swiss settlers in Pennsylvania.. 37, 38, 40
Pitt, Wm., no monument at Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh and Boston Mining Co. 243, 244
Pittsburgh and Connellsville R. R.... 162
Pittsburgh Bessemer Steel Company.. 213
Pittsburgh, first blast furnace in 1792. 198
Pittsburgh, first glass works at... 263
Pittsburgh, first iron foundry in 1805. 198
Pittsburgh, first rolling mill in 1811-12. 199
Pittsburgh, first steamboat in 1811.124, 264
Pittsburgh Gazette, first newspaper
west of Allegheny mountains......
Pittsburgh had negro slaves.
Pittsburgh incorporated as a borough 262
Pittsburgh, Manor of..
261, 262
Pittsburgh, second furnace in 1859.. 200
Pittsburgh, when named..
258
Union Canal Company.... 136-138, 147
Union Transportation Company.
150
Upland, Swedish capital..... 14, 18, 19
United States Iron and Tinplate Co.. 240
United States Steel Corporation.. 212, 340
Railroad, first passenger, in the U. S.. 158
Railroad, first passenger, in the world. 156
Railroad, mileage of, in Pennsylvania. 165
Railroads, early criticism of, in Eng-
land..
156, 157
Railroads, early criticism of, in the
United States.
158-161
Railroads, early, in Pennsylvania. 165-173
Railroads, opposition to building 172, 173
Rails, manufacture of, in Pa..... 202-215
Redemptioners in Pennsylvania.... 43-53
Redemptioners, Washington bought 43, 47
Rees (James) & Sons Company...
Walking purchase, the..
Welsh settlers in Pa.. 6, 18, 20, 38, 40, 351
Western Indians, conspiracy of.. 259, 260
Western Pa. in the Ohio valley..
84
Western Transportation Company.... 150
West Newton an early shipping port. 117
Whisky insurrection of 1794..
Wicaco, Swedish settlement at..
Wire rope, first works, in Pa.
Woolen goods, production of, in Pa.. 176
Youghiogheny Slackwater Company.. 122
Z.
Reliance Transportation Company 128, 150 Zinc, Pennsylvania a small producer.. 184
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