convicted of indictable offenses. ages of twelve and sixteen years 261 in every 100,000 were convicted of indictable offenses. Between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one years 330 in every 100,000 of the juvenile population were convicted of indictable offenses. This shows that juvenile crime steadily increases in amount the nearer maturity is approached. Of the juvenile population between the HOW THE CRIMINAL RANKS ARE RECRUITED While all good people hate sin for its own sake and deplore it for its effect upon humanity, and while leagues. for social service, and for the suppression of cruelty and of vice and crime, have been and are being organized; while the schools, the churches, and the charitable boards are anxious to prevent the spread of evil and to uplift humanity, the hosts of wickedness are not idle. The enemies of righteousness are thoroly organized, armed, and equipped for the spread of evil. They spare neither time nor money in enticing boys and girls into sin. Music, pictures, gaudy attire, gayety, comfort, indulgence, deceit, treachery, and dishonesty are all coupled with the greatest skill ingenuity can invent to tempt the young, to entrap the unwary. Alcohol, both as the cause and the effect of crime, is so well-known that we have not taken the time to show the great proportion directly or indirectly traceable to it, but the methods of training boys to become drunkards is worthy of notice. Every saloonkeeper knows that first-class customers do not last many years. The greater their patronage, the shorter their career. When their money is gone they are useless, and their places must be filled by younger men. Thousands of boys must become patrons every year, or the saloonkeepers would be compelled to go out of business. Some two years ago there was published a statement from a brewer in an address to saloonkeepers advising them to be generous in treating boys. Nickels invested that way would bring dollars into the till a few years later. The choicest cake, puddings, and confectionery are flavored with wine or brandy to decoy the young and the weak-willed. Tobacco is likewise put into convenient and enticing form with the purpose of alluring boys to its use. An alarmingly large percentage of boys in towns and cities show the effects of cigarette-smoking before they leave the grammar grades. Teachers are so familiar with its deadening effects that they can pick out at a glance those who have become addicted to it. It is significant that 90 per cent. of the cigarette fiends who enlisted for the Spanish-American war were rejected as physically incapacitated. A well-organized and vigorous war upon the manufacture and sale of cigarettes would be more in the interest of humanity than any that has yet been inaugurated. Two articles in recent numbers of the New York Independent show how professional tramps recruit their ranks by systematically and effectively working upon the minds of boys from ten to fifteen years of age. Scores of such are being added daily to this menacing army, thinking to lead a life of ease and adventure. When entrapped they are made to beg, steal, and wait upon their captors, who treat them cruelly, but from whom they are unable to escape. They come eventually to accept the life, miserable and hopeless as it is, and simply look forward to the time when they shall have graduated from their servitude and shall be able to prac tice the same cruelty upon other boys. The above are but a few of the ways by which the young are led into sin and crime. It is a painful subject to dwell upon, but cannot justly be closed without referring to one that in moral turpitude overshadows all the others. Such books as William T. Stead's If Christ Came to Chicago and Mrs. Charlton Edholm's Traffic in Girls well illustrate the evil referred to. The latter especially describes how young and beautiful girls are entrapped by the snares of false employment, mock marriage, drugs, the dance, and starvation wages, and smuggled or enticed into houses of infamy, from which there is no escape. What is needed is more light. Concealment of crime has become a science. Evil must work in the dark in order to thrive. Criminality would almost cease to exist if thoroly exposed. Idleness and ignorance go hand in hand with vice and crime. Knowledge, courage, and an untiring devotion to humanity will in time overcome evil and usher in the millennium. DEPARTMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION SECRETARY'S MINUTES FIRST SESSION.- WEDNESDAY, JULY 12, 1899 The session of this department was opened in the auditorium of the Los Angeles High School, at 3 P. M.; President Edward F. Hermanns, Denver, Colo., in the chair; F. H. Clark, San Francisco, Cal., secretary. Upon motion of W. H. Housh, Los Angeles, Cal., the appointment of a committee on nominations was ordered. Later President Hermanns appointed as the committee: Principal O. S. Westcott, Chicago, Ill. Principal W. H. Housh, Los Angeles, Cal. Superintendent L. E. Wolfe, Kansas City, Kan. Mr. A. E. Baker, of Los Angeles, chairman of the Local Committee of Arrangements, invited the members of the department to a reception for the coming evening at Blanchard Hall, tendered by the Local Department Committee and the faculty of the Los Angeles High School. Mr. A. Horatio Cogswell, of Los Angeles, favored the department with a vocal solo. Principal Gilbert B. Morrison of the Manual Training High School of Kansas City, Mo., presented the first paper of the afternoon's program, upon the subject, "Do Our High Schools Prepare for College and Life, in Accordance with the Present Requirements of Both?" Discussion was opened by Dr. A. F. Nightingale, of Chicago, who was followed by Principal William H. Lynch of Mountain Grove Academy, Missouri; Principal O. S. Westcott, of Chicago; Superintendent L. E. Wolfe, Kansas City, Kan., and Principal W. H. Housh, of Los Angeles. Professor J. W. Crabtree, inspector of accredited schools of the University of Nebraska, presented the second paper of the afternoon, upon the subject, "Should Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, and History of the United States be Reviewed in the High School?" J. H. Lewis, state superintendent of public instruction, St. Paul, Minn., opened the discussion with an account of the experience of Minnesota in introducing the review of the common branches into the high school. The discussion was continued by Principal E. W. Coy, Cincinnati, O.; Superintendent J. F. Keating, Pueblo, Colo.; Miss Davis, Los Angeles, Cal.; Principal Allyn O. Taylor, Benicia, Cal.; Principal O. S. Westcott, Chicago, Ill.; J. H. Miller, Lincoln, Neb.; Miss A. F. Olcutt, Ishpeming, Mich.; Principal J. F. Lynch, Mountain Grove, Mo.; and Superintendent Hugh J. Baldwin, San Diego, Cal. At 5 o'clock the department adjourned, to hold its next session in conjunction with the Department of Higher Education. JOINT SESSION OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER DEPARTMENTS. THURSDAY, JULY 13 The joint session of the Secondary and Higher Departments, to consider the report of the Joint Committee on College Entrance Requirements appointed at the Denver meeting, F. H. Clark, 1895, was called to order in Temperance Temple at 3 o'clock by Edward F. Hermanns, president of the Department of Secondary Education. secretary of the same department, acted as secretary of the joint session. report were distributed among the members of the departments. Dr. A. F. Nightingale, superintendent of high schools, Chicago, Ill., chairman of the joint committee, presented the subject-matter of the report, discussing its provisions and making further recommendations, especially that a new committee should be appointed to perfect the work in science. The discussion of the report was opened by President Joseph Swain, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., who read portions of the report and discussed its leading principles. He was followed by Principal E. W. Coy, of Cincinnati; President James H. Baker, of Colorado; Principal H. L. Boltwood, of Illinois; President William H. Black, of Missouri, and President David Starr Jordan, of California. The Pasadena High School Young Ladies' Quartette entertained the audience with music, and for an encore gave a pretty little song of welcome to the National Educational Association, arranged for the occasion by Miss Edith Parker. To dispose of the report, President Swain introduced a resolution of indorsement and approval; but the following motion was, after some debate, adopted by the joint departments: Resolved, That in view of the fact that the carrying out of this report would make many radical changes in our high-school work, and that so few members have had opportunity to read the report, further consideration of it be postponed one year. L. W. Babcock, Ukiah, Cal., moved the following, which was unanimously adopted: Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to the committee for its careful and conscientious report. After a song by a male quartet composed of the following members of the associa tion, W. H. Ressler, H. J. Boke, F. O. Mower, and L. T. Merwin, the joint session of the departments was adjourned. SECOND SESSION.-FRIDAY, JULY 14 The final session of this department for the Los Angeles meeting was called to order in the auditorium of the Los Angeles High School at 3 P. M.; President Edward F. Hermanns in the chair. The program was opened by a mandolin and piano duet by Mr. and Mrs. Monlux, of Los Angeles. This was followed by a vocal selection by a quartet of members of the department — Messrs. E. D. Ressler, H. J. Boke, F. O. Mower, and L. 7. Merwin — who received a hearty encore. -- The following report of the Committee on Nominations was read by the secretary: Mr. President and Members of the Department of Secondary Education: Your committee, after mature consideration, respectfully submits the following names for the officers of this department for the coming year: For President - E. W. Coy, Cincinnati, O. For Vice-President-G. B. Morrison, Kansas City, Mo. (Signed) O. S. WESTCOTT, L. E. WOLFE, Upon motion of E. D. Ressler, of Eugene, Ore., it was unanimously ordered that the report be accepted, and that the secretary be authorized to cast the ballot of the department for the nominees. This being done, the above-named gentlemen were declared as officers of the department for the ensuing year. The first paper of the afternoon, upon the subject, "The Ethical Influence of the Study of Economics," was written by Byron C. Mathews, City High School, Newark, N. J. Mr. Mathews was unavoidably absent, and by special authorization of the executive committee of the association the paper was read by Superintendent J. F. Keating, Pueblo, Colo. President Hermanns suggested that the discussion of the paper be deferred until after the reading of the second paper of the afternoon, as the subjects were similar. The audience was again favored with a vocal selection by the quartet. President Sylvester F. Scovel, University of Wooster, Ohio, then presented the second paper of the afternoon, upon the subject, "In Fundamental Civil Ethics, What Ought We to Teach as the American Doctrine of Religion and the State?" President James H. Baker, University of Colorado, opened the discussions of the afternoon, confining himself mainly to the second paper. The paper of Mr. Mathews was discussed by Superintendent J. F. Keating, Pueblo, Colo. At 5 o'clock the president declared the sessions of the department adjourned. FREDERICK H. CLARK, PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS Secretary. DO OUR HIGH SCHOOLS PREPARE FOR COLLEGE AND FOR LIFE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRESENT REQUIREMENTS OF BOTH? BY PRINCIPAL GILBERT B. MORRISON, MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL, KANSAS CITY, MO. Any discussion respecting a preparation for life presupposes an ideal of life's objects. My own opinion of what constitutes a proper course of study and training as a preparation for life will be accepted as sound or rejected as faulty to the same extent that my ideal of what an education is for agrees with or differs from yours. I assume that the objects of life are happiness, contentment, and usefulness to others. All of these depend upon a true interpretation of the environment and an adaptation to the requirements of physical, moral, and intellectual law. The present requirements of life differ from those of the past only as they involve a fuller comprehension of nature's laws, forces, and possibilities. Happiness is conditioned upon the complete mastery of the principles underlying the vocation which is to be followed. for the gaining of a livelihood. Weakness is misery, and ignorance of the facts and forces underlying human activities is followed by failure and discontent. Quantitatively, very few of the facts constituting the world's knowledge can be learned during the brief period in school; the most, |