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INDEX TO VOL. IV.

A.

Abbott, Rev. Mr.-Remarks of, on morals, page 53; on
text books, spellers and grammars, 58.
Account books-to be provided, &c., 133.
Allegany county report, 2.

Alphabet of Rules, 73: mutation of, 111.
Alterations in school districts, 127.

An aristocratic eagle, 184.

Annual Reports of County Superintendents-editorial
notice of, 8; annual reports, 130, 140.
Annual and special meetings, 133, 144, 145.
Apparatus-when may be bought with library money,
19; school resolutions, recommending, 63.
Appeals to the County Superintendent, 152; to the
State Superintendent, 143.

Application of school money, &c., 131.
Applications to the State Superintendent, 143.
Apportionment-laws of, 89; Col. Young's notice of, in
report, 169.

Assessment and collection of district taxes, 134.
Associations-voluntary, resolutions on, 61.

Attendance irregularity of, 74.

Ayes and noes-list of, 147.

B.

Collectors of school districts, 145; not giving bond, office
vacated, 66; their jurisdiction, 145; their mode of pro-
ceeding, 145; what property liable, &c. 145.
Colored children-schools for, 142.

Committees appointed by convention of County Super-
intendents, 51.

Commissioners or town Superintendents-official order
as to apportioning public money on defective reports,
1; Commissioners' office, if abolished, 17.
Common Schools, of Syracuse, 29; of Rochester, 15.
Common School teachers-labors of, 73.

Common School Act, 17; editorial remarks on, 24;

fund, 165.

Composition-elements of, 110.
Contracts with teachers, 138.

Corporal punishment-Col. Young's views on, 1; re-
port on, by Col. Stone, 49; discussion in relation to,
50, 51; F. Dwight's resolution on, adopted, 52.
County Superintendents-report of, from Allegany, 2;
two may be appointed by supervisors, when may
be removed, how; how paid; appeals to be made to;
certificates granted by; annulled by, 18; system,
why established, not expensive, admirable results of,
27; State Convention of, called, 32; met at Albany, 49;
their duty, 153, 155, 156; Col. Young's remarks on, 166;
List of, 173.

Bible recommended as text-book,by Gov. Pennington, 13. County Conventions, 25; in Erie, 108; Columbia, Otse-
Biography for schools, 106.

Black-board-instruction on, 71.

Board of Supervisors, their duty, 125.

Boarding round, 68.

Bond to be required of the collector, 142; form of, 143.
Bowen, J. B.-report of, 22.

Broome-report of County Superintendent of, 19.
Building-furnishing, &c. of school house, 148.
Burgess, A., County Superintendent of Allegany-val-
uable report of, on schools, 2; editorial notice of, S.
Bushnell, Horace-extract from report of, on schools
in Hartford, 10.

C.

Canada-common school bill, 176.
Cards v. Books, 67.
Cattaraugus County-Superintendent's report of, 20;
Cayuga County, Superintendent's report of, 21; Che-
mung County, Superintendent's report of, 22; Chau-
tauque County, Superintendent's report of, 82; Che-
nango County Superintendent's report of, 83; Clinton
County, Superintendent's report of, 83.
Cautions and counsels, 185.

go, Wayne, Warren, Albany, Washington, Allegany,
109; Dutchess, 110.
County Treasurers, 126.

D.

Davies, Charles, Prof.-invited to address Convention;
thanks for request of, for publication, 56.
Delaware County-report of, 97..

Democratic character of common schools, 10; of free
schools, 15.

Denman, J. S.-letter describing Teachers' Institute in
Tompkins county, remarks on flogging, 52.
Designation of site of school house, 148.
Discipline-bad and good well contrasted; effect of
flogging; of constant threatening, 5; should not be
of force, 86.

Districts-inability to support schools, 5; small dis-
tricts-schools in, 6; how altered, 18; small, great
loss arising from, 21; gradation of, urged, 87; dis-
tricting, evils and remedies, 104; districts, number
of, 8; in State, 161.

District clerk, his duties, 144, 147.

Division of teachers' money into portions, 133.
Duties of Town Superintendents, 129, 130.
Dwight, Francis-his resolution on corporal punish-
ment, 51; remarks of, 50, 51; resolution on christian
morals, 52.

E.
Education-triumphs of, 68.

Certificates when présented by county or town Super-
intendents, 18; department directions in relation to,
37; resolutions in relation to, 63.
Celebrations-of Common Schools at Medina, 16; in
Allegany, 82; China, (Wyoming Co.) 109.
Change of site of school house, 148.
Children-how injured by bad teachers, 7; non-resi- Employment and payment of teachers, &c. 138.
dent, admission of, into schools, Col. Young's deci-England-condition of children of, 73.
sion, 17; how should enter and leave school, 26: Exemption-certificate of, 139.
small schools for, 30; of England-condition of, 74;
how taught to tease, 80; number taught, 162; average
period of tuition, 162.

Citizens-resolution on duties of, 57.

Clement, A S., County Superintendent of Columbia-
remarks of, on teaching, 56.

Clerks-of Boards of Supervisors, 125; of towns, 126;
of counties, 126.

F.

Female teachers-employment of, increasing, 29; less
paid than operators, 30; resolution in relation to, 58;
discussion of, 69.

Fonda, A. C. S.-resolutions of, on voluntary associa-
tions, 61.

LIBRARY

Leland Stanford, Jr.

VERSITY

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Franklin County-report on schools of, 98.
Frazier, G. T., County Superintendent of Monroe-re-
port of, 19.

Free Schools-success of, in Rochester, 15; ably vindi-
cated, 14.

Form-of draft on State treasurer for school moneys,
126; of notice to trustees not giving their consent to
alteration of district, 127; of resolution for the al-
terateon of a district, 128; of teacher's certificate,
of instrument annulling do. 130; of district tax list,
and warrant for its collection, 136; of assessment,
rate-bill and warrant, 139.

G.

General provisions in relation to taxes, &c. 134.
Genesee-report of schools in, 99.
German schools, 91.

Glasgow-juvenile training school in, 15.

Globes when may be bought with library money, 19.
Goodrich, Chauncey, town Superintendent-letter of, on
use of cards, 67.

Grammar-practical lessons in, 186.

H.

Hammond, Hon. Jabez D.-letter of, 49.
Henry, James, jr., County Superintendent of Herkimer,
49; remarks on physical education; amends resolu-
tion which is adopted, 55; resolution on, in relation
to teachers, 63.

Hopkins, A. G.-resolutions of, in relation to town Su-
perintendents; how to teach children to tease, 80.
Hulburd, Hon. C. T.-official report of, vindicating new
system of supervision, 27.

Humphrey, Hon. Charles-his notice of institute, 47.

I.

Mode of providing fuel, 137; of paying teachers, 138;
of proceeding, 146; of keeping minutes, &c., by dis-
trict clerk, 147.

Moral education, 182.

Moral training-recommended in New Jersey, 13; how
used in Glasgow, 15; how to do good, 31; resolutions
on, in convention, 52; discussed, 52, 53; adopted, 54;
conquer with kindness, 75; set about it, 76; do not
decieve yourself, 77; industry, 79; golden rule, 80;
moral influence of schools, 98.

Mothers should be interested in schools, 13.
Music, vocal-its moral effects, 16; resolutions in re-
lation to, 50; report on; discussion of, 60.

N.

Neatness essential-teachers' neglect of, 9; of school
room, 73.

Needle manufactory, 77.

New-Jersey-extracts from report of trustees of its
school fund, 12.
Normal Schools-ordinance of Regents in relation to,
23; teachers' institute in Tompkins County, account
of, 46, 47; resolutions on, Col. Young's remarks on,
61; training college for teachers, in England, 70; recom-
mended, 97; opened in Fulton, Tompkins, Cayuga,
Orleans and Washington, 110; remarks on in annual
report, 171.

Notice of the first meeting in district to organize, 127.

0.

Oberlin-or triumphs of education, 68.
Official decisions-admission of non-resident children
into schools, 17; order in relation to appointing town
Superintendents, 24; apportioning subjects among
County Superintendents for reports, 66; Collector not
giving bond, office vacated, 66; instructions of, to the
various school officers, from 125 to 159; to Town Su-
perintendents, enforcing strict observance of law, 160.
Order-unwisely enforced, 5; how should be, 9; how
school should be classified, 25; how should be organ-
ized, 26; of school room, 103.

Indifference of inhabitants to schools, 5, 19, 20; give up Oral instruction, 183.
the school wholly to teachers, 22.

Individual action-importance of, 32.
Inspections-form of account of, 144.
Inspectors-office of, abolished, 17.
Institute Teachers-notice of, 16.
Instruction to teachers, 143.

J.

Jefferson County-report on, 101.

Journal, D. School-resolutions on, 61; new method of
directing, 72; notice of, 57, 103; an appeal in behalf
of, 107; noticed in annual report, 171.
Jurisdiction of Collector, 145.

K.

King Henry and the woodcutter, 79.

King, Theodore F., chosen President of State Conven-
tion-address of, 49.

L.

Le Roy, D. C.-report of on schools of Syracuse, 29.
Letter to a primary school teacher, 187.
Liabilities of town Superintendents, 131.

Library money-to be applied to purchase of books or
apparatus and maps; when it may be to the latter,
19; when to be spent, 36.

Orthography-resolutions on uniform standard of, 56;
committee appointed on, 56.

P.

Parental interest-importance of, 13.

Patchin, Ira-brings in resolutions on physical educa-
tion, 54; on place of keeping libraries, 56.
Physical training-in Glasgow, 16; education, resolu-
tions on, discussed, 54; amended and adopted, 55;
Prof. Potter's remarks on, 55; neglected, 98; tempe.
rance, Sewall's Pathology noticed, 176.

Potter, Alonzo, D. D.-remarks in convention on physi
cal education, 54, 55.

Powers and duties of inhabitants when assembled in
district meeting, 145.

Private schools-resolutions on, 58; evils of, 101; num-
ber in State, 162.

Proceedings in the formation or alteration of school dis-
tricts, 127; in the formation of a joint district, 128; in
case of non-resident lands, 135.

Public opinion, 75.

Purchase, &c., of school house, 137.

Q.

R.

Libraries-too well kept; excellent influence of, 20; Qualifications of voters, 147; at district meetings, 179.
many improper books in, 22; where to be kept; discus-
sion on, 56; Col. Young's remarks on, 56, 67; resolu-
tion on, 57; what libraries to be reported by Town
Superintendent, 81; how many books in use, 97; re-
gulation complained of, 99; noticed in Col. Young's
report, 170; district, 148; do. regulations, No. 1, 149;
do do. No. 2, 151.

Licensing teachers, &c. 156.

M.

Mack, J. T., Superintendent of Rochester schools-res
port of, 14.

McFarland, D., County Superintendent-resolutions of,
on irregularity of attendance, 63.
Maps-when may be bought with library money, 19.
Marietta school-account of, 104.

Matteawan district, 48; appeal of inhabitants in rela-
tion to, 47, 49.

Mayhew, Ira, County Superintendent-resolution and
report on school houses, 61, 101.
Michigan-annual school report of, 11.

Missouri-extract from address to its legislature, 13.

Randall, S. S., General Deputy, 49; speech on corporal
punishment, 50, 51; resolution offered by, 52; letter
of on christian morals and prayer in schools, 63.
Randall. H. S.-report of, 85

Randall, O. W.-letter from, on neatness and order, 9.
Reconsideration of proceedings, 147.
Regents-ordinance of, in relation to Normal schools, 23.
Register-recommended by Abbott, 25.
Remarks on seminaries for teachers, 178.
Renewal of warrants, 137.

Repeating after teacher-importance of, 11.
Reports-of trustees, when to be made, 34, 36; what to
contain, 140; what must state in relation to library,
36; particular instructions of department in relation
to, 36.

Resolution creating a new district, 127.
Rewards, punishments, &c. 181.
Reynolds, John-letter of, 91.
Rice, F. A.-report of, 21.

Rochester, H. E., County Superintendent of Monroe, 40;
views on corporal punishment, 51.

65158

8.

Sale of school house and site, 187. School houses-editorial notice of their general condition, 8; shameful condition of the Matteawan district school house, 9; improvement of, in Rochester, 14; general bad condition of, in Broome County, 20; resoJutions on, 61; in Columbia, 84; elaborate report on, 101; condition of, through the State, 163. School room as it should be, 103. School house-tax for building, 136 School district notice-form of, 144.

School Journal-recommended by Governor of NewJersey, 12.

Schools, private-resolutions on, 58; evils of, 101; German, 91; common, moral influence of, 98; at Marietta, account of, 104.

Set about it, 76.

Special district meeting-form of notice for, 144. Spelling-words should be pronounced correctly when given out, 10, 31; by dictation, and writing, well taught, 11; bad methods of teaching, 81.

Spencer, R. H-his account of school celebration, 82.
Sprague, T B-report on vocal music, 59; remarks of,
60; letter of, on a model school, 103
State certificates-to whom granted, 172.
Statistical tables of annual report, 174.

Statement of unoccupied and unimproved lands, 137. Stevens, A. L.-resolutions on teachers' certificates, 63. Stevens, D. H., County Superintendent of Franklin-remarks on corporal punishment, 52; on morals, 53 Stone, W. L.-report on corporal punishment. 49; views on, 60; remarks on employing female teichers, 59; on vocal music, 60, 61.

Storkes, E. G. of Cayuga, C. S.-remarks on physical education, 54.

Supervision-importance of, by Geo. Pennington, 12. Supervisors-shall appoint County Superintendent; may appoint two, when, 18; may allow postage to County Superintendents, 18; number of boards recommending the system of County supervision, 27; duties of, 126. Suits by and against trustees, 141. Swearer rebuked, 79.

Syracuse-common schools of, 29.

T.

Tanner, W. C.-letter of, a school celebration at Mediከዛ. 16.

Talking chip, 76.

Taxation of real estate situated partly in two or more districts, 177.

Tax list-when to be made out, 134.

Tax-how and upon whom to be assessed, and for what property, 134.

Taxes should be specifically voted, 17. Teachers-qualifications of, 181; in Allegany county, 2; their difficulties with inhabitants, 5; the bargains made with them, by which a dollar is saved and a school ruined, 6; repeating after, inportance of, 11; great influence of, 20; new every term, sad effect of, low qualifications of, 22; revolting character of some, as shown by Hulburd's report, 27; good, most necessary in summer schools, 30; how to be licensed, by, 36: noble example of, 48; female resolutions in relation to, 58; labors of, 72; poor for poor schools, charge of, 88; number in State, 163; names of those to whom State certificates are granted, 172. Teaching-bad methods in use, 4; ridiculous blunders from the late system, 21; resolutions on method of, 56: in Columbia county, 84; in Cortland, 85; methods recommended, exercise on topics, 99; how to teach, 90; improved methods gaining ground in Franklin, 99; of composition, methods recommended,

110.

Text books-non-uniformity of, illustrated by superintendent of Michigan, 11; resolutions on importance of uniformity discussed, 50.

Tidd, Nathan-county superintendent's report of, 22; resolutions on private schools, 58; advocates right of corporal punishment, 50, remarks on moral culTooker, J. Cremarks on corporal punishment, b1; on physical education, 65.

ture. 62.

Town Superintendent-office created, 17; powers of, 17, 18; consent of when necessary to anal certifi cate, shall designate proportions of library and teachers' money, to pay over on order of trustees, 18; office recommended by legislative committee, 27; duties of, 129, 130; as explained by Col Young, 36; how to license and inspect, 37; resolutions in convention in relation to, 54; called upon to take an interest in circulating the D. S. Journal, 61; notice to, 72. what libraries to report, 81; general character and importance of, 166.

Town, Hon. Salem-labors in Tompkins' Institute, 47. Trustees-those popular who hire the cheapest, 6; official term made three years, 17; one to go out each year, power to amend rate bill, vacancy occurring, for what time successor to hold, annual reports to be made, when, 18; what to contain, in relation to school, library, &c., 36; how chosen, their duties, &c., 131, 132, 137, 140, 141; Col. Young's notice of in report, 169; to account to their successors, &c., 140. Trast to yourself, 188.

V.

Valuations of property-how ascertained, and mode of
proceeding when reduction is claimed, 135.
Visiting the districts and inspecting the schools, 154.
Voice-power of, over children, 94.

Weekly roll, 143.

W.

When taxes may be imposed by trustees, without being specifically voted, 136.

When annual report of trustees are to be made, and what to contain, 140.

Wooden, D. G. County Superintendent of Columbiareports rules of convention, 49; remarks of on corporal punishment, 60; resolutions on D. S. Journal, 61; report of, 84.

Wright, A., County Superintendent of Washington-remarks on corporal punishment, 50; resolutions on female teachers, 68.

Wright, W. County Superintendent of Washington-remarks on corporal punishment, 50; resolutions on text books, 58; letter from to department, 81.

Y.

Young, Hon. Samuel, State Superintendent-letter of, on corporal punishment, 1; decision of, on admitting non resident child en into schools, 17; order to school officers in relation to appointing town superintendents, 24; remarks on place and manner of keeping district libraries, 66, 67; advice to county superin tendents as to the manner of discharging their important duties, 67; recommends, in debate, the more general employment of female teachers, 59; remarks on normal schools. 61; on school-houses. 62; resolution of thanks to, 63; apportionment of subjects to County superintendents, 65; order as to reporting libraries, 81; instructions of, to officers of school system, from 126 to 159; order to town superintendents, requiring hereafter a rigid execution of the law, 160; annual report of, 161 to 172.

Youths' miscellany-93, 94, 95, 96, 110, 111, 112.

DISTRICT SCHOOL JOURNAL,

OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.

VOL. IV.

ALBANY, APRIL, 1843.

No. 1.

OFFICIAL.

strongly on your side, you can reason them into subordination. You can readily make them understand that no school can be rendered benefi.

State of N. Vork-Secretary's Office. cial to the pupils where good government does

DEPARTMENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS.

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT.

Albany, Jan. 24, 1843.

DEAR SIRI have received yours of the 14th inst., in which you ask my opinion "concerning corporal punishment's being inflicted on young men over 16 or 17 years of age ;" and also whether a teacher has power to expel a scholar "before receiving orders from the trustees." You say you are engaged in a school in the town of Carrol, which has "the reputation of being a hard place," that you "find it to be about so;" and that some young men attend school for purposes not of gaining knowledge, but something else."

not prevail. You can easily convince them that breaches of order and decorum not only destroy the utility of a school, but necessarily inflict a serious injury upon every pupil and parent.Address yourself to them as a friend and a brother. Appeal to the highest motives-to a sense of justice, to philanthropy, to honorable feelings, and to self-respect; and if these produce no ef fect, then to a sense of debasement, degradation

and shazze.

But if reasoning and expostulation fail, I do not advise a resort to brute force. In order to subdue stubborn young men by flagellation, it would probably be necessary to inflict an amount and an intensity of pain, which, for the time being, would convert you, both in feeling and And the trembling appearance, into a demon.

little children who witnessed this frightful exbition would ever after regard you with fear and repulsion. You could probably never gain their love and respect, and without inspiring these sentiments in your pupils you can never become

a successful teacher.

The natural propensities of mankind are the same in every age and clime; and I therefore infer that there is nothing in the soil or atmos: phere of the town of Carrol which has inspired the young men to whom you allude with turbulent dispositions. Nor can I conceive that parents ever willingly incur the expense of sending their children to school for any other purpose than the acquisition of knowledge. To suppose that a father or mother would encounter the pecuniary and other loss of sending a son of 16 or 17 years old to school for "something else" than the attainment of knowledge, would be to stultify the parent. If these young men, therefore, attend school to make disturbance and derange the orderly administration of instruction, it is not by the procurement or concurrence of their parents. And every one who sends to school would be injured and outraged by such disturbance and derangement. You will perceive, therefore, that public sentiment must always be strongly in favor of order, regularity and improvement in your school. I venture to suppose that these turbulent young men have been made so by your predecessors-by surly, vindictive and ferocious school-masters--that they have been tyrannized over and whipt into pugnacity, until they regard every pedagogue as an enemy to the human race; and that they now feel inclined to wreak that vengeance upon you, which they were formerly 'too weak to inflict upon your predeces-TO COMMISSIONERS OF COM. SCHOOLS.

sors.

But it would seem to me, that by a mild, man

There may be extreme cases in which corporal inflictions upon children, administered in moderation, without passion, with evident reluctance, and where every other means has failed, may be necessary and useful; but such cases in my judgment are rare. Every voluntary infliction of pain upon an intelligent being, where its justice and necessity are not strongly manifest, create hatred and resentment, if not revenge. And such inflictions upon male or female pupils, approaching to puberty, can never do good. If, at such an advanced period in life, they cannot be reclaimed by proper appeals to the head and the heart, I should regard them as hopelessly depraved. And the teacher, in such case should apply to a trustee, stating the circumstances and requesting his interposition with the parent or guardian; and if the unruly pupil does not desist, and is not withdrawn, the teacher may then exclude such pupil from entering the school-house. Yours, &c.

S. YOUNG, Sup't Common Schools. Mr. WM. PHETTEPLACE, Jamestown, N. Y.

It has heretofore been the practice of commis. ly and firm course, and with public sentimentsioners in their apportionment of the public mo

10

ney, among the several school districts of their to all the means within their reach intended to town, to apportion the share belonging to those elevate the condition and character of district districts which do not report in conformity to schools. They are systematic and thorough in law, among the several reporting districts.-every department of their labors. They have a There is no authority for this course to be found time for every thing, and do every thing at its either in the law, or, so far as I am aware, in proper and appointed time. They have a place the instructions of this department. Where the for every thing, and have every thing kept in its annual report of any district is not in conformity proper place. They do but one thing at a time, to law, and the instructions of the Superintend- and never suffer their attention to be diverted ent in pursuance of law, the commissioners will from the consideration of a subject until it is withhold the share of public money belonging to thoroughly gone through with. I believe that such district, report the facts to this department,about one-sixth of all the teachers whose and direct the trustees to apply for the equitable schools I have visited will rank in the first class, interposition of the superintendent, on an affida-and their labors and persevering efforts do honor vit setting forth their excuse, if they have any, to the profession. for a failure to comply with the law. If no directions to the contrary are received from the department, the commissioners at the next succeeding apportionment, will add the amount remaining in their hands, to the fund then to be apportioned, under the 27th section (No. 33) of the school act.

S. YOUNG,

Sup't Common Schools.

ALLEGANY COUNTY.

To the Hon. SAMUEL YOUNG,

Superintendent of Common Schools. Owing to causes beyond my control, I visited the schools of only four towns last winter, although whilst making a distribution of laws relating to common schools and school district libraries, and blank reports of commissioners of schools and trustees, I called upon most of the teachers, and called their attention to the instructions from the Superintendent relative to the manner in which they are required to keep their roll, pointed out a course of instruction I felt willing to recommend, and urged the importance of good order and discipline, and a systematic arrangement of all the affairs of the school.

I have visited one hundred and twenty schools, thirty-eight of which have been visited twice. Seventy-eight of them were visited in company with one of the inspectors; forty-two when two were present, and thirty in company with three; the remainder were visited alone.

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QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS.

I have found them from first rate down to the lowest grade, whose services do more hurt than good, who communicate more error than truth, and who would establish more bad habits in the practice of scholars in a single term of four months, than a thorough and competent instructor would break up in eight. I have found ladies and gentlemen engaged in the responsible business of directing the youthful mind in our common schools, whose only ambition seemed to be to shine in their profession, and benefit their juvenile charge all in their power; who would scorn alike the sneers of those engaged in private schools, and the contempt of those who consider the district school fit only for the instruction of the very lowest grade of community, whose breath is contagion, and whose touch is immediate moral death. The class of teachers to which I now refer,have established themselves in the estimation of the friends of popular education, by a course of well doing, and a strict attention

The next class I shall mention is more nume. rous than the former, and who appear to enter upon the business of teaching with high expectations and flattering prospects. For a time they go on with all that ardor and ambition peculiar to the character of the young, infusing all the energy of soul they possess into the feelings of their scholars, and drawing into requisition every power within their reach for the attainment of their high object. After pursuing this course for a time, they grow tired of the labor it imposes, and begin to relax in their exertions to do all in their power to elevate the standard of districts schools; they begin to descend from the elevation they have gained, lose their influence over their pupils, their respect and subordination; their systematic course is in some measure abandoned; they have not that decision of purpose with which they set out; they become peevish and fretful, easily thrown out of a train of good humor, and are exposed to the mercy of their scholars, who, when they perceive they can make them appear ridiculous, will seek every pretext to harass and irritate their feelings. This class, I am sorry to say, are much more numerous than the one before mentioned, and can be denominated no higher than second rate teachers.

A third class are those who enter upon the business of teaching for the purpose of raising a sum of money in a given time, which they could not do in any other business in which they could find employment. They enter not upon the dis charge of these vast responsibilities because they love to teach, or because they have any desire to see the rising generation up with that knowledge so necessary to fit them for the transaction of business, and for usefulness in the community in which they may may be placed, but for the pecuniary benefit derived from the employment. They have no desire so to manage their schools as to gain employment in that district again, for they wish to form new acquaintances, and therefore prefer to stay but one term in a place. It matters not with them whether they communicate ideas to those placed under their charge or not; whether their pupils have an understanding of what they are required to commit to memory, or whether they repeat their lessons parrot-like, without knowing what they mean. It is true, in many instances they succeed in keeping up a show of order and discipline, but the obedience produced does not flow from a hearty good will to please, but to avoid a constant infliction of the rod or ferrule. Are children generally pleased with such teachers? Are they impatient to be away to school in the morn ing; and when they are at home, do they im.

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