477. A person appointed guardian, as prescribed in this article, for an infant defendant in an action, is not liable for the costs of the action, unless specially charged therewith by the order of the court, for personal misconduct. CHAPTER VI. PLEADINGS IN COURTS OF RECORD, INCLUDING COUNTER-CLAIMS. TITLE I-THE CONSECUTIVE PLEADINGS IN AN ACTION. § 478. The first pleading, on the part of the plaintiff, is the complaint. $479. [am'd 187.] If a copy of the complaint is not delivered to a defendant, at the time of the delivery of a copy of the summons to him, either within or without the State, his attorney may, at any time within twenty days after the service of the summons is complete, serve upon the plaintiff's attorney a written demand of a copy of the complaint, which must be served within twenty days thereafter. The demand may be incorporated into the notice of appearance. But where the same attorney appears for two or more defendants, only one copy of the complaint need be served upon him; and if, after service of a copy of the complaint upon him, as attorney for a defendant, he appears for another defendant, the last defendant must answer the complaint within twenty days after he appears in the action. § 480. If the plaintiff's attorney fails to serve a copy of the complaint, as prescribed in the last section, the defendant may apply to the court for a dismissal of the complaint. 481. The complaint must contain: 1. The title of the action, specifying the name of the court in which it is brought; if it is brought in the supreme court, the name of the county, which the plaintiff designates as the place of trial; and the names of all the parties to the action, plaintiff and defendant. 2. A plain and concise statement of the facts, constituting each cause of action, without unnecessary repetition. 3. A demand of the judgment to which the plaintiff supposes himself en titled. § 482. [am'd 1877.] In an action triable by the court, without a jury, the plaintiff may, in a proper case, demand an interlocutory judgment, and also a final judgment, distinguishing them clearly. $483. Where the complaint sets forth two or more causes of action, the statement of the facts constituting each cause of action must be separate and numbered. § 484. [am'd 1877.] The plaintiff may unite in the same complaint, two or more causes of action, whether they are such as were formerly denominated legal or equitable, or both, where they are brought to recover as follows: 1. Upon contract, express or implied. 2. For personal injuries, except libel, slander, criminal conversation, or seduction. 3. For libel or slander. 4. For injuries to real property. 5. Real property, in ejectment, with or without damages for the withholding thereof. 6. For injuries to personal property. 7. Chattels, with or without damages for the taking or detention thereof. 8. Upon claims against a trustee, by virtue of a contract, or by operation of law. 9. Upon claims arising out of the same transaction, or transactions connected with the same subject of action, and not included within one of the foregoing subdivisions of this section. But it must appear, upon the face of the complaint, that all the causes of action, so united, belong to one of the foregoing subdivisions of this section; that they are consistent with each other; and, except as otherwise prescribed by law, that they affect all the parties to the action; and it must appear upon the face of the complaint, that they do not require different places of trial. 493. Defendant may demur to reply. 494. When plaintiff may demur to § 487. The only pleading on the murrer or an answer. $488. [am'd 1877.] answer. § 495. Demurrer to counterclaim, when 496. Demurrer to counterclaim must 499. Objection; when deemed waived. part of the defendant is either a de The defendant may demur to the complaint where one or more of the following objections thereto appear uppon face thereof. 1. That the court has not jurisdiction of the person of the defendant. 2. That the court has not jurisdiction of the subject of the action. 3. That the plaintiff has not legal capacity to sue. 4. That there is another action pending between the same parties, for the same cause. 5. That there is a misjoinder of parties plaintiff. 6. That there is a defect of parties, plaintiff or defendant. § 477. A person appointed guardian, as prescribed in this article, for an infant defendant in an action, is not liable for the costs of the action, unless specially charged therewith by the order of the court, for personal misconduct. CHAPTER VI. PLEADINGS IN COURTS OF RECORD, INCLUDING COUNTER-CLAIMS. TITLE I.-THE CONSECUTIVE PLEADINGS IN AN ACTION. § 478. The first pleading, on the part of the plaintiff, is the complaint. § 479. [am'd 187.] If a copy of the complaint is not delivered to a defendant, at the time of the delivery of a copy of the summons to him, either within or without the State, his attorney may, at any time within twenty days after the service of the summons is complete, serve upon the plaintiff's attorney a written demand of a copy of the complaint, which must be served within twenty days thereafter. The demand may be incorporated into the notice of appearance. But where the same attorney appears for two or more defendants, only one copy of the complaint need be served upon him; and if, after service of a copy of the complaint upon him, as attorney for a defendant, he appears for another defendant, the last defendant must answer the complaint within twenty days after he appears in the action. § 480. If the plaintiff's attorney fails to serve a copy of the complaint, as prescribed in the last section, the defendant may apply to the court for a dismissal of the complaint. 481. The complaint must contain: 1. The title of the action, specifying the name of the court in which it is brought; if it is brought in the supreme court, the name of the county, which the plaintiff designates as the place of trial; and the names of all the parties to the action, plaintiff and defendant. 2. A plain and concise statement of the facts, constituting each cause of action, without unnecessary repetition. 3. A demand of the judgment to which the plaintiff supposes himself entitled. § 482. [am'd 1877.] In an action triable by the court, without a jury, the plaintiff may, in a proper case, demand an interlocutory judgment, and also a final judgment, distinguishing them clearly. $483. Where the complaint sets forth two or more causes of action, the statement of the facts constituting each cause of action must be separate and numbered. $484. [am'd 1877.] The plaintiff may unite in the same complaint, two or more causes of action, whether they are such as were formerly denominated legal or equitable, or both, where they are brought to recover as follows: 1. Upon contract, express or implied. 2. For personal injuries, except libel, slander, criminal conversation, or seduction. 3. For libel or slander. 4. For injuries to real property. 5. Real property, in ejectment, with or without damages for the withholding thereof. 6. For injuries to personal property. 7. Chattels, with or without damages for the taking or detention thereof. 8. Upon claims against a trustee, by virtue of a contract, or by operation of law. 9. Upon claims arising out of the same transaction, or transactions connected with the same subject of action, and not included within one of the foregoing subdivisions of this section. But it must appear, upon the face of the complaint, that all the causes of action, so united, belong to one of the foregoing subdivisions of this section; that they are consistent with each other; and, except as otherwise prescribed by law, that they affect all the parties to the action; and it must appear upon the face of the complaint, that they do not require different places of trial. § 487. The only pleading on the part of the defendant is either a de murrer or an answer. § 488. [am'd 1877.] The defendant may demur to the complaint where one or more of the following objections thereto appear uppon face thereof. 1. That the court has not jurisdiction of the person of the defendant. 2. That the court has not jurisdiction of the subject of the action. 3. That the plaintiff has not legal capacity to sue. 4. That there is another action pending between the same parties, for the same cause. 5. That there is a misjoinder of parties plaintiff. 6. That there is a defect of parties, plaintiff or defendant. 7. That causes of action have been improperly united. 8. That the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. 489. [Repealed 1877.] $490. [um'd 1877.] The demurrer must distinctly specify the obje tions to the complaint; otherwise it may be disregarded. An objection, taken under subdivision first, second, fourth or eighth of section four hundre and eighty-eight of this act, may be stated in the language of the subdivision; an objection, taken under either of the other subdivisions, must point out specifically the particular defect relied upon. § 491. [Repealed 1877.] $492. The defendant may demur to the whole complaint, or to one or more separate causes of action, stated therein. In the latter case, he may answer the causes of action not demurred to. § 493. The defendant may also demur to the reply, or to a separate traverse to, or avoidance of, a defence or counterclaim, contained in the reply, on the ground that it is insufficient in law, upon the face thereof. 494. The plaintiff may demur to a counterclaim or a defence consisting of new matter, contained in the answer, on the ground that it is insufficient in law, upon the face thereof. § 495. [am'd 1877.] The plaintiff may also demur to a counterclaim, upon which the defendant demands an affirmative judgment, where one or more of the following objections thereto, appear on the face of the counterclaim: 1. That the court has not jurisdiction of the subject thereof. 2. That the defendant has not legal capacity to recover upon the same. 3. That there is another action pending between the same parties, for the same cause. 4. That the counterclaim is not of the character specified in section five hundred and one of this act. 5. That the counterclaim does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. § 496. [am'd 1877.] A demurrer, taken under the last section, must distinctly specify the objections to the counterclaim; otherwise it may be disregarded. The mode of specifying the objections is the same, as where a demurrer is taken to a complaint. $497. [am'd 1877.] Upon the decision of a demurrer, either at a general or special term, or in the court of appeals, the court may, in its discretion, allow the party in fault to plead anew or amend, upon such terms as are just. If a demurrer to a complaint is allowed, because two or more causes of action have been improperly united, the court may, in its discretion, and upon such terms as are just, direct that the action be divided into as many actions as are necessary for the proper determination of the causes of action therein stated. $498. [am'd 1877.] Where any of the matters enumerated in section four hundred and eighty-eight of this act as grounds of demurrer, do not appear on the face of the complaint, the objection may be taken by answer. 499. If such an objection is not taken, either by demurrer or answer, the defendant is deemed to have waived it; except the objection to the |