(b) Widening and improving.-The accompanying map indicates the nine cuts along the banks of the Cuyahoga River and the widening of the turning basin desired to permit the largest lake vessels to reach the head of navigation.

(c) Modified widening. The accompanying map shows three cuts designated as 3A, 4A, and 5A, at the angles of the three sharpest turns in the river channel. Widening at these locations would make it possible to navigate 600-foot boats to the head of navigation, though such navigation would be difficult.

(d) Bulkheads. The removal of some bulkheads and docks is necessary to make the cuts desired and new docks will be required on the new property lines.

(e) Property damage. In the prosecution of the work, some buildings or plants and appurtenances will be affected. In some cases this covers buildings to be completely destroyed and in others, damage incident to moving parts of buildings or plants to new locations.

(f) Removing buildings and foundations.-Covers the destruction or removal of buildings or plants with their foundations and appur

tenances.

(g) Land acquisitions.-This item refers to the land required for the cuts and the widening of the turning basin.

(h) Changes in utility crossings.-There are in the river, three crossings of the Western Union Telegraph Co., two crossings of the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co. and one crossing of the Postal Telegraph Co. The three crossings of the Western Union Telegraph Co. will require changing, if the desired bridge improvements are

made.

(i) Changes in sewer and water lines.-The changes required in these items are minor ones except for pipe lines at the fire tug station, at the westerly end of the Carter Road, Eagle Avenue Bridge.

33. Estimate of miscellaneous costs.-The following tabulation shows the estimated costs of miscellaneous items under the various schemes proposed:

34. Estimate of bulkheads and dock work.-The estimated cost of bulkheads required under the various schemes of improvement and the removal of old docks incidental thereto, are as shown below:

1 For description of plans of improvement, see par. 32.

2 No new bulkheads or dock removal. Maintenance only.

* No new bulkheads or dock removal. Deepening present channel only.

4 2,080 feet.

12,810 feet.

* 30,881 feet.

7 10,725 feet.

$9,315 feet.

35. Estimate of dredging-The present channel.-The Cuyahoga River was originally a comparatively small stream. It is subject to freshets which carry large quantities of alluvial matter. The lower 51⁄2 miles of the river has been dredged to form a part of the inner harbor. The banks and bed of the river in this section are, in general, stiff clay. The fill which occurs in the dredged sections is soft material.

In 1910 the city dredged the river to the head of navigation at the upper end of the Otis Steel Co.'s dock to a depth of 24 to 25 feet, but the present city project depth is 20 feet. Maintenance dredging since that time has been confined largely to the upper 2 miles of the dredged section. In general, the channel is 80 feet wide and does not approach the bulkheads, on either side, closer than 40 feet. At bends and at other points where the needs of navigation require it, and where the character of the bulkheads is such as to make it possible, the channel width is increased and its limits are carried closer to the bulkheads. No dredging is done in the immediate vicinity of the considerable number of bridges whose foundations are of doubtful stability. It has been customary to dredge to a depth of 27 feet, except at bridges, in order to secure a finished depth of 20 feet. The general location and dimensions of the channel are shown on sheets no. 2 and 3 of the accompanying maps.

While a large percentage of the bulkheads along the river are in poor condition, the piling of which they are largely formed penetrates a sufficient depth to support the banks for dredging depths of 24

to 27 feet, providing such dredging is, in general, kept 40 feet away from the piling.

Insofar as the present channel is concerned, a depth of 24 feet as compared with a depth of 20 feet, except at certain bridges, will simply require more frequent dredging and this redredging will be confined largely to the upper 14 miles of the river. The frequency of the dredging will depend upon the frequency and extent of the freshets. During a freshet in August 1935 the currents prevented navigation and dredging operations in the upper 14 miles of the river for approximately 1 week. This upper section is, in fact, a settling basin, and due, to the length of time required to remove deposits resulting from heavy freshets, it will probably be impracticable to maintain continuously a depth of 24 feet with the present channel width. A depth of 20 feet can, however, be maintained and probably a depth of 21 feet.

The strength of the piers and abutments of bridges no. 2, 7, 10, 17, and 19 (as listed in par. 33 (a) of this report) is uncertain. The present depths at the openings in these bridges are 21 to 22 feet. The condition of the bridges is such that the advisability of attempting to maintain depths in excess of 21 feet is questionable. No widening can be done without rebuilding these bridges, and attempts to maintain greater depths will probably require widening of the existing channel at the bridge openings, thereby endangering the stability of the existing bridges. To maintain depths of 24 feet by them will, in our opinion, require strengthening bridge no. 19 and replacing the others and this requirement will be assumed for this report when considering depths greater than 20 feet.

During the 10-year period 1925-34 the city of Cleveland dredged an average of about 252,000 cubic yards of material per year, but this did not fully maintain the channel. In order to maintain the turning basin and a 20- to 21-foot channel, such as herein described, it will probably require the removal of about 300,000 cubic yards of material annually. To maintain a 24-foot channel would increase the annual dredging for an indefinite number of years to about 400,000 cubic yards.

In the following computations the estimated annual dredging is given for schemes 1 and 2, which provide for dredging the present channel to 20 and 24 feet, respectively. The additional quantities to be excavated in connection with widening are shown for schemes 3, 4, 5, and 6:

(a) Scheme 1: Annual dredging, 300,000 cubic yards. (b) Scheme 2: Annual dredging, 400,000 cubic yards.

NOTE. While the average deposit can be regarded as constant, regardless of the depth of channel, it is estimated that any attempt to maintain a depth of 24 feet in the present channel would be accompanied by continued filling from the adjacent shoals along the bulkheads for an indefinite number of years. larger amount of annual dredging is therefore shown.

The

(c) Schemes 3, 4, 5, and 6.-Quantities for these schemes, by loca

tions are shown in the following table:

(d) Total quantities for schemes 3, 4, 5, and 6.