cade of the last century, probably in the year 1795. He always wore the gown and cassock; this was far into the reign of George III. His appearance made so deep an impression on me, then a little child, that it yet stands forth clearly and vividly from amid the dim shadow of other passing events with which I was far more nearly connected. M. SEDDON. Blackheath.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Distilled Water. I can, to a certain extent, corroborate the statements of M. GAUDIN, contained in his letter, of which you have given a translation (Vol. xii., p. 250.) with reference to the employment of common, instead of distilled water. I have not yet tried how common water will succeed when used in the preparation of the silver bath, but I find that for the developing solution of pyrogallic and acetic acid, it answers quite as well as distilled water. I have frequently found that the distilled water that one purchases is contaminated with lead; this arises from the worm of the still being composed of that metal, but I have not found that this produces any injurious effect. When the water is contaminated with lead, the pyrogallic acid developing solu. tion becomes tinged with a reddish brown colour.

When water contains a tolerably large amount of chlorine, such as the deep well-waters of London, where it amounts to from eight to ten grains in a gallon, there is no difficulty in separating by a paper filter the chloride of silver formed on the addition of the nitrate; boiling the water after the addition of the nitrate of silver greatly facilitates the retention of the chloride on the filter. C.

Replies to Minor Queries. Wood's "Athena Oxonienses" (Vol. xii., p. 205.). -Your correspondent, S. E. G., has done well in drawing attention to this matter; why there are hundreds upon hundreds who would gladly support any respectable publisher who would continue it in uniform style, &c. That the Ecclesiastical History Society is dead, never to rise again, is an unquestionable fact; but why should not Anthony Wood be continued and completed? Doubtless the learned editor is open to a re-engagement for the publication of the second and following volumes. The E. H. S. titles might be as well cancelled as not; it would not be much for an extra title for volume the first to be given with the second. Depend upon it, it would be a safe speculation, only let it be brought out equal to the one already on our shelves. W.P. Kidderminster.

"Calamum temperare" (Vol. xii., p. 106.). Will you permit me a few words on this much vexed question, in reply to your learned correspondent M. CHASLES? He gives a new turn to the inquiry, and makes the phrase medieval Latin, quoting, in confirmation, the Italian " temperar

una penna." I submit, first, that an Italian quotation does not prove the signification of a Latin phrase. M. CHASLES should have given a Latin authority. But even if we concede that, in very late Latin, " temperare" was applied to the pen, as your correspondent says, it is not very likely that the idiom would have been confined to the modern Italian alone, had it been used out of Italy. The inference is, that Bede, a British monk, would not have used such an expression in such a sense, but in the classical sense. Now I have shown that the expression atramentum temperare," was used in Latin by Pliny (Nat. Hist., pp. 27, 28.); and it remains for others to produce "calamum temperare" if they can, but I do not believe they can. Tempero, and its derivatives, were constantly used in reference to the consistency of fluids. See Stephens's Thesaurus, s. vv. "tempero," &c., or any good dictionary, for illustrations of this remark. The pen may, the ink must have been tempered. B. H. C.

66

"The Four Alls" (Vol. xii., p. 185.). — CENTURION says a public-house at Hammersmith is called "The Four Alls," and he asks the answer to this riddle. The following note in Beloe's Anecdotes of Literature (edit. 1807), explains the mystery:

"I remember passing, many years ago, through a court in Rosemary Lane, where I observed an ancient sign over the door of an alehouse, which was called 'The Four Alls.' There was the figure of a king, and on a label, 'I rule all;' the figure of a priest, with the motto, 'I pray for all;' a soldier, I fight for all;' and a yeoman, 'I pay all." About two years ago I passed through the same thoroughfare, and, looking up for my curious sign, I was amazed to see a painted board occupy its place, with these words inscribed, 'The Four Awls."

Possibly the curious fresco paintings found on the walls and screens of some monastic churches, which seem to have been executed early in the fifteenth century, and of which a favourite subject was the Dance of Death, may have suggested the figures; but I have not met with an example of any similar mottoes, nor do I find any memoranda illustrative of the origin of this quaint tavern sign. W. S. G. Tynemouth.

vol. vii., p. 502.] [See an explanation of the Five Alls, "N. & Q.,”

"Sincere" (Vol. viii., p. 195., &c.).-A hymn to St. Katherina has the following two verses, which convey an etymological truth or fiction: "Virgo vera,

Tu favus mellis sine cera."
And lower down, she is thus addressed:
"Ave sponsa Christi vera,
Ave mitis et sincera."

B. H. C.

Hangman's Wages (Vol. xi., pp. 13. 95. 252.).Thanks for your editorial reply to my Query. Had I consulted my own library, I need not have asked it, as Hone's Works have long been upon my shelves; but it is not easy to call to mind their multifarious contents. This, however, is not a solitary instance of a man seeking for information which, had he better recollected their contents, his own books would have supplied. In a small Collection of Anecdotes, published anonymously, and printed by Milner & Sowerby of Halifax, I lately found the following:

"Wages of Jack Ketch. - During the sheriffalty of Sir Richard Phillips, no execution took place in London; but, on some culprits being ordered to be whipped, Jack Ketch came to the sheriff, and plainly told him he might do it himself. What do you mean by such conduct?' exclaimed the sheriff. Why, to tell your honour the truth,' said Jack, you have made my place worth nothing at all. I used to get a few suits of clothes after a sessions; but for many months I have had no job but whipping, and that puts nothing in a man's pocket.' Well, but Mr. Ketch, you are paid your salary of a guinea a week by the under-sheriffs, and this seems sufficient, as your office is now become almost a sinecure.' 'Why, as to the matter of that,' said Ketch, do you see, Sir, I've half a guinea a week to pay my man, and therefore only half a guinea for myself; and if it was'nt for a hanging job now and then in the country, where there's few in my line, I should lately have been quite ruined. I used to get clothes; and very often some gentleman would tip me a few guineas for civility, before he was turned off. Howsoever, I'll go on so no longer; so, if your honour won't raise my salary, I mean no offence, but you must perform this whipping yourself.' There was reason in the man's argument; and, as there seemed no alternative, the sheriff demanded his expectation. A guinea and a half, your honour; that is, a guinea for me, and half a guinea for my assistant there; and without the customary perquisites, I can't fill the office for less; and no man knows his duty better. I've tied up many a good fellow in my time, and never had the least complaint.' 'Well, well, Mr. Ketch,' said the sheriff, as I hope to be able to continue to deprive you of your favourite perquisites, you shall have the guinea and a half.' Then God bless your honour!' exclaimed the fellow; and he and his man began to prepare their whips, in high spirits."

"Perturbabantur," &c. (Vol. xii., p. 252.).— Your learned correspondent, who produces three original lines, for which he calls for a carmen triumphale, might have completed his quatrine gloriously, by simply writing his signature at full

length, as thus: "Chethamensis (Jones,) Bibliothecarius!" P. R.

This

Poetry by an Artist (Vol. xii., p. 235.). is the work of John Beugo, an Edindurgh engraver, better known professionally for the superior style in which he engraved Nasmyth's portrait of Robert Burns, for the earlier editions of the poet's works. J. O.

Cold Harbour (Vol. xii., p. 254.).—I am of opinion that the right etymology of Cold-harbour is Cul-arbhar, pronounced Col-arvar, i. e. a place of safety for grain. It is probable that the ancient Britons had appointed places all over the country for stowing grain, and it would throw considerable light upon the habits of our ancestors, if some industrious antiquary would carefully search some of the spots of ground which are known as Cold-harbours. Some time ago, I happened to mention this derivation of Cold-harbour to a gentleman from Arundel, and he said, that on digging on the piece of ground on his estate, which was known as "the Cold-harbour," his men came upon a massive foundation composed of blocks of white chalk, and that a well-formed trench had at one time surrounded the Cul-arbhar, which was in the form of a square of considerable dimensions. As we have but few remains of the Britons, I think that this matter is well worth an investigation, and I hope that some of your antiquarian friends will take up the hint here given. FRAS. CROSSLEY.

Tusser's Will (Vol. xii., pp. 119. 193.). MR. VENTRIS observes that the variations in the copy I transmitted to you are unimportant. I beg to say that it agrees in every word with that of Mr. Clark. It is true that Tusser's signature is affixed to the latter, no less than ten times, in different places.

I could scarcely believe that you would deem it requisite to reprint all these signatures in one and the same document. That was the only reason that I refrained from transcribing them. It is to be wished that Mr. Clark had stated the authority from which it was derived at the time he published it. In that case, MR. VENTRIS would have obbeen attributed to Mr. Clark. tained full credit for its discovery. In the absence of any information on the subject, it has usually G. BLENCOWE.

Popular Airs (Vol. xii., p. 183.). The matter of popular music of the day is a very interesting unhappily, it would seem by those in vogue now, one, as it marks the tone and taste of the period; at a low ebb, with the one exception of "Partant pour la Syrie." Your correspondent omits from his list those favourites once hackneyed enough, "Green Hills of Tyrol," from Rossini's Guillaume Tell; "The Sea," by Proctor and Neukomm; "Jenny Jones;" "The Swiss Boy," by Moscheles;

J. O.

Marriages made in Heaven (Vol. xii., p. 195.). WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., and all other bachelors, are referred to Dr. Watts' beautiful poem of the Indian Philosopher" upon this subject, inscribed to Mr. Henry Bendish, Aug. 29, 1705. They may be found at p. 209. of his Lyric Poems, 4th edit., 1722, and will well repay perusal.

E. D. Husband and Wife eating off the same Plate (Vol. xii., p. 245.).—That this practice obtains in our day, there can be no doubt. I have witnessed it within the past ten or a dozen years, and under circumstances which led me to believe it common, if not habitual.

In this instance, unquestionably conjugal affection, and not rudeness of manners, was betokened. The parties were poor, but decent and careful; and the plan was probably adopted in order to save waste. JOHN SCRIBE.

Anonymous Plays (Vol. xii., p. 226.). — Of one only of the plays referred to by R. J. can I furnish the desired information. Edmond, Orphan of the Castle, a tragedy in five acts, founded on the Old English Baron, a Gothic story, was published anonymously in 1799, but was the production of John Broster, F. S.A., a native, and whilome Sheriff of Chester, of which city also his father was mayor in 1791. In addition to this play,

Broster was the author of several Cheshire antiquarian works, among which may be mentioned, an Account of the Siege of Chester, the Eaton Tourist, Pedestrian Tour through North Wales, and, in conjunction with his father, of the Chester Guide, published originally in 1782, and a Cheshire Biography, published in 1796.

Broster's domicile at Chester was a "modern antique" of his own creation, adorned with carving of grotesque character. The house, somewhat altered, still exists, notwithstanding the

[* How shall we direct this volume? Another correspondent, who has, however, been anticipated by the kindness of J. O., likewise offers a copy.]

radical changes which have taken place in its locality, and is now the first and last house to and from the large railway station in Brook Street.

During the latter period of his earthly pilgrimage, Broster resided in the Isle of Wight, where he was professionally engaged on a discovery of his own, for the cure of stammering and other impediments of speech. There he died, sometime in 1853, at Chester Lodge, Sandown Bay, having previously deposited some of his local literary gleanings, for the benefit of posterity, in the Dean and Chapter Library of Chester. T. HUGHES.

Chester.

"The (Old) Week's Preparation" (Vol. xi., p. 472.). It may interest MR. FRASER to know that there are editions of this manual assigning it on the title-page to G. B., D. D. If the G. S., D. D., upon others (quoted by MR. FRASER) points to Bull, who was such a man as might have written Geo. Stanhope, this may indicate Dr. George such a book. My edition, bearing the initials G. B., is a chap one, printed by T. Norris, on London Bridge. J. O.

Times prohibiting Marriage (Vol. xi., p. 301., &c.). These were well known among the Greeks and Romans (see Smith's Antiquities, art. MARRIAGE.). They also prevail among the Chinese, and other nations, at the present day. B. H. C.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Mr. Murray has introduced a new feature into the series of beautifully printed and remarkably cheap volumes, which he is issuing to the public under the title of Murray's British Classics. Judging from the list of intended that only the older worthies of our literature were desworks as originally issued, it might have been supposed tined to appear in this new and handsome form, and that the collection would only include those authors whose writings are, so to say, public property. The issue for take a wider range; and in the first volume of this beauthe present month shows, however, that the series is to

tiful library edition of Byron, we have proof that important modern works, of which the copyright belongs to Mr. Murray, are destined to form parts of the series. It is not necessary on the occasion of such an issue as this of The Poetical Works of Lord Byron, a new edition, in six volumes, to enter into a discussion of Byron's merits. They are now, we suppose, as universally admitted, as his errors are, by all generous minds, forgiven and forgotten. Neither is there much to be said about this special edition-the beauty of its typography — the good taste of its general getting up-for the series, of which it forms a part, is now well known to all lovers of handsome books. We may say, however, that it is not a mere reprint, but one which seems to have been carefully and judiciously superintended: witness the correction of the much discussed line, ——

-

"Thy waters wasted them while they were free,"

which is here restored to its original beauty,"Thy waters wash'd them power while they were free." While on the subject of Murray's British Classics, we may mention that the new edition of the Works of Pope, under the editorship of Mr. Croker and Mr. Cunningham, which is to form a part of this library,-owing, we presume, to the abundance of new materials placed at the disposal of the editors, is to extend to eight volumes instead of six, as originally announced; and the new and revised edition of the Works of Dean Swift, which is to appear under the superintendence of Mr. Forster, is to be comprised in nine volumes.

Mr. Russell Smith announces a series of reprints in volumes varying in price from 3s. to 6s., of such specimens of our earlier literature, as, from their interest as illustrations of manners, literature, or history, or as having had a once merited reputation, more especially deserve republication at the present day. The collection is to be entitled Library of Old Authors, and the works reprinted are to be carefully edited with introductions and notes, and, when necessary, glossaries. Among the earlier volumes will be found the Works of Marston, edited by Mr. Halliwell; a new edition of Piers Ploughman, by Mr. Wright; Selden's Table-Talk, and Spence's Anecdotes, by Mr. Singer, and the Poetical Works of Drummond of Hawthornden, by Mr. Turnbull. The undertaking is one which certainly deserves the encouragement of all lovers of Old English literature. BOOKS RECEIVED. The Poetical Works of Samuel Butler, Edited by Robert Bell.— Vol. II., which completes the Hudibras. Why has Mr. Bell departed from the practice of previous editors in numbering the lines? In all poems of great length this arrangement is of great convenience, from the facilities of reference which it thereby affords.

The Church of England not descended from the Church of Rome; a Brief Record of various Historical Occurrences in the British Church before the Mission of St. Augustin, by Caroline Catherine Lucas. In this short, but carefully compiled, tract, we have materials for an answer to the insidious question, to which all should be ready to reply," Where was your Church before the Reformation?" and the separate and distinct origin of the Anglican and Roman Churches briefly but plainly proved.

The Hand Place-Book of the United Kingdom, containing References of Daily Use to upwards of Fifteen Thousand Localities in Great Britain and Ireland, and General Statistical Tables. The utility of this little volume, which will scarcely occupy any room on the writingtable, is plainly set forth in its ample title-page.

The Science of Arithmetic, a Systematic Course of Numerical Reasoning and Computation, with very numerous Exercises, by James Cornwell and Joshua G. Fitch. One of the particulars in which this work is said to differ from others bearing a similar title, is alone sufficient to recommend it, viz. that every process employed in the solution of questions is referred to some general law or truth in the theory of numbers. The whole work seems composed in this very sensible spirit.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

RECEIVED. With many thanks, and will be duly noticed, Silas Deane in France, and Letters, &c., relating to the Provincial History of Pensylvania.

JOHN SCRIBE. The Pamphlet Holder has been received by us; we have shown it to the LOVER OF PAMPHLETS, who joins us in thanks. The Reply shall appear in our next.

K. Q. X. Z. There is scarcely a line in your very friendly communication from which we can dissent, and not a hint which shall be lost sight of. E. H., D.D. For the authorship of the words of Il Moderato, see “ N. & Q." Vol. xi. pp. 228. 334.

J. D. Sir John Pirie was created a baronet in 1841, he being Lord Mayor at the birth of the Prince of Wales.

J. N. O. Lowndes mentions two editions of George Sandys's Ovid's Metamorphosis, of the dates 1621 and 1626. The earliest edition that appears in the catalogues of the British Museum, and the Bodleian, is that of 1632. Perhaps some of our readers may know of the existence of the first two editions.

ERRATA. Vol. xii., p. 288. col. 1. 1. 14. from bottom, for "angel." read anger; "line 4. from bottom, for "Wednasbury," read" Wednesbury;" p. 229. col. 1. 1. 11. from bottom, for "Dol," read "Dvl," or "Dul; p. 245., for" Edmund Waberton," read "Edward Waterton." Full price will be given for clean copies of No. 166. and No. 169. upon application to the Publisher.

A few complete sets of "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. I. to XI., are now ready, price FIVE GUINEAS AND A HALF. For these early application is desirable. They may be had by order of any Bookseller or Newsman.

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