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THE LANCES OF LYNWOOD.

By the Author of "Heartsease," "The Heir of Redclyffe," &c.

ORKING, SURREY. - A ARCHEOLOGICAL WORKS

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL, DORKING, Su residing in the

Broad Sanctuary, opposite Westminster Abbey.. - The Westminster Hospital was instituted in the year 1719, and was the first of the kind in the United Kingdom established and supported by Voluntary Contributions. The principle of admission is based chiefly on the urgency and nature of the symptoms of the patient, and during the past year 1,123 accidents and urgent cases have been received as in-patients without letters of recommendation, while 14,381 out-patients have obtained medical or surgical assistance with no other claim than their sufferings. Patients are constantly received from distant districts: admission is also freely given to Foreigners who are ill and in distress; and relief is often afforded to patients who are sent as urgent cases by the clergy of all denominations. The number of patients admitted in 1854 was, in-patients 1,751, out-patients 19,515 total 21,299. The demands on the Hospital are annually increasing, while the income from all sources has seriously declined. Thus in 1854,

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The expenditure

Deficiency

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4667 2 10 6112 19 21

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ILLUSTRATIONS

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CIENT ART: Four Hundred and Thirtysix Specimens of Objects discovered at Herculaneum and Pompeil. With description by the REV. E. TROLLOPE.

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THEND CHLANIES OF THE UNITED

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TORIES Twelve Cantos, in Terza Rima. By RUTHER.

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CONTENTS:-Section 1. Origin of CoinageGreek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage-Consular Coins. 5. Koman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representstives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised at Public Sales.

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LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1855.

Notes.

DRYDEN, POPE, AND CURLL'S "CORINNA."

Mr. Carruthers, in his Life of Pope (p. 30.), speaking of Henry Cromwell, the friend of the poet in his wild days, says:

"He [Cromwell] had done more than take a pinch of snuff out of Dryden's snuff-box, which was a point of high honour and ambition at Will's: he had quarrelled with him about a frail poetess, Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, whom Dryden had christened Corinna, and who was also known as Sappho."

Most of the readers of "N. & Q." will know that the lady referred to was the person who transferred Pope's early letters to Curll for publication, and duly suffered in The Dunciad: but can any of them tell me the foundation of the story above quoted? I suspect it has no other than some lines in a poetical epistle attributed to Pope, and published in one of Curll's "surreptitious' volumes; from which epistle Mr. Carruthers subsequently quotes some verses. The lines alluded to are as follows:

"What mov'd you, pray, without compelling,
Like Trojan true, to draw for Helen-
Quarrel with Dryden for a strumpet?
(For so she was, as e'er showed r-p yet;
Tho' I confess she had much grace,
Especially about the face.)

from my soul I judge

He [Dryden] ne'er (good man) owed Helen grudge, But lov'd her full as well, it may be, As e'er he did his own good lady." Because Dryden, in a letter, christened Mrs. Thomas "Corinna," and "would have called her Sappho, but that he heard she was handsomer," Mr. Carruthers seems to have assumed that she was Dryden's mistress: and because he believed her to have been afterwards the mistress of Cromwell, he appears to have come to the conclusion that the lady who "had much grace, especially about the face," was no other than the famous Mrs. Thomas, the conveyer of the Pope letters to Curll. If the reputation of his friend was well-merited, Pope might have drawn upon a list as long as Leporello's; but the poem evidently refers to some particular lady who jilted the author of Absalom and Achitophel for Mr. Cromwell (who appears to have got the title of "Beau Cromwell," by wearing red breeches, a tie wig, or a long black unpowdered periwig, no hat, and "not so much as the extremities of clean linen in neckcloth or cuffs"); and as the story was probably derived from himself, I have no doubt that it was highly creditable to that gentleman's gallantry and power of fasci- | nation. But the lines not only do not mention any such names as Elizabeth Thomas, Corinna, or

Sappho, but it is clear from the play upon the name of the Trojan lady, that they refer to some modern frailty whose name was Helen. If it were not so, the second line, quoted above, would be pointless, and the subsequent repetition of the name would have no meaning. Dryden does not appear to have had any personal acquaintance with Corinna, nor does Corinna, though ready enough with a fiction at most times, and always anxious to make the most of her acquaintance with " "glorious John," pretend that she had ever spoken to him. The history of their acquaintance is simply this :Mrs. Thomas, then a stranger to Dryden, took it in her head to forward to him a copy of verses, which, with a letter, she left for him at a certain coffee-house which he frequented. Dryden read them; or, at all events, praised them. They had come to him anonymously; but he says, in his reply, "I continued not a day in the ignorance of the person to whom I was obliged: for, if you remember, you brought the verses to a bookseller's shop, and inquired there how they might be sent to me. There happened to be, in the same shop, a gentleman, who, hearing you speak of me, and seeing a paper in your hand, imagined it was a libel against me, and had you watched by his servant, till he knew both your name and where you lived, of which he sent me word immediately. I have lost his letter; I remember you live somewhere about St. Giles's, and are an only daughter." Mrs. Thomas lived then with her mother in Dyott Street, Bloomsbury. Though Dryden wrote to her two other letters, the last of which is dated December 29, 1699, the first two have no dates, but they all refer to the poems which Corinna sent him at the coffee-house, and which he only returns in the last letter; so that, although he apologises for having kept them so long, it is probable that the correspondence extended over a very short period. Dryden was then nearly seventy; and it is evident, from these three letters, that he felt himself to be sunk into the vale of years, and well nigh at his journey's end: for he speaks repentantly of his literary levities, and recommends his fair correspondent to "avoid the licences which Mrs. Behn allowed herself, of writing loosely, and giving some scandal to the modesty of her sex;" and adds, "I confess I am the last man who ought in justice to arraign her, who have been myself too much a libertine in most of my poems; which I should be well contented I had time, either to purge, or to see them fairly burned. But this I need not say to you, who are too well born, and too well principled, to fall into that mire." In the third letter he speaks of being always crazy, and at that time worse than usual, by a St. Anthony's fire in one leg. Of this complaint he died on May 1, in the following yearfour months after; so that the closer intimacy with Corinna, the jilting and the quarrel with Crom

well (if they happened at all), must have happened during this time, and Beau Cromwell's triumph, if true, could not have been much to boast of. It is curious that when Mrs. Thomas, some years after, undertook to furnish Curll with some particulars of Dryden's life, she had nothing to tell, save that he was born in a certain year, in a certain family, and that he had lived in Gerard Street, Soho; upon which she proceeds at once to the fatal erisipelas in the leg, and winds up with her long story of the funeral-an invention of her romantic brain, which was adopted, with a slight reservation, by Johnson, and believed to be true for nearly a century.

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pondents, who are so well informed on the subject of Pope, will, I hope, give us a hint. I cannot help suspecting, that she was some very respectable and virtuous friend and neighbour of the Popes -a "very orthodox lady"-who simply happened to be sometimes in town and sometimes in the country; and who was as innocent as she was ignorant of all the fine sayings and gallant gossip which Mr. Cromwell and young Mr. Pope, in his temporary character of a sad dog, thought fit to say and to write about her. Mr. Bowles, however, in a note to the first of these extracts, expressly declares that the Sappho referred to is no other than "Mrs. Thomas, who sold the letters of Pope to Curll when she was in distress;" and still farther to fix the poet with the honour of a close intimacy with the supposed mistress of Mr. Cromwell, finds one of the letters to several ladies, in which a "Mrs. ." had assured Pope that, but for some whims which she can't entirely conquer, she would go and see the world with him in man's clothes. The "Mrs. was, in an early edition, printed "Mrs. T-;" and, according to Mr. Carruthers, who apparently quotes from the original at Maple-Durham, it was originally written "Mrs. Teresa" [Blount]-the letter having been, in fact, addressed to her sister, Martha Blount; but Mr. Bowles (if he had really seen the letter in manuscript), being misled by faint ink, or unaided by that zeal for the poet's fair fame, which might have improved his eyesight on the occasion, reads it "Mrs. Thomas ;" and adds in a note, "so it is in the original." After this fashion we have the case made out against Pope, and another great poet added to the list of the fair Corinna's conquests. Whether she jilted him also for Cromwell, or jilted Cromwell for Pope, is not expressly stated. Mr. Bowles and Mr. Roscoe would appear to have been of opinion, that, wiser than of yore, she managed in this case to gain the one without relinquishing the other. In a letter of Pope to Cromwell, dated May 7, 1709, he speaks of"The time now drawing nigh, when you use, with Again, three years after, he talks of writing by Sappho, to cross the water in an evening to Spring Gar"two pair of radiant lights," &c., and adds:

This is, in my opinion, not the only mistake that has been made about Mrs. Thomas, alias Corinna, by the editors of Pope. In the published letters of Pope to Cromwell, and of Cromwell to Pope, the name of " Sappho" is frequently found. If the name always refers to the same lady, and that lady was the mistress of Cromwell, it is quite clear that she was Pope's mistress also-that, in fact, he must have shared his mistress with his friend. That this evidence of the young poet's depravity did not startle Mr. Bowles, is not surprising; but that Mr. Roscoe, who would not allow the possibility of Pope's indulging in a little double-dealing about the publication of the letters, should have accepted Mr. Bowles's notes without remark, is extraordinary. Pope, in his letter to Cromwell, dated March 18, 1708, says:

"I do not know one thing for which I can envy London, but for your continuing there. Yet I guess you will expect me to recant this expression, when I tell you that Sappho (by which heathenish name you have christened a very orthodox lady) did not accompany me into the country. Well, you have your lady in the town still; and I have my heart in the country still, which being wholly unemployed as yet," &c.

And in another letter:

"I made no question but the news of Sappho's staying behind me in the town would surprise you. But she is since come into the country."

"You fancy now that Sappho's eyes are two of these my tapers, but it is no such matter; these are eyes that have more persuasion in one glance, than all Sappho's oratory and gesture together, let her put her body into what moving postures she pleases."

This, I suspect, was a compliment to the "fairhaired Martha and Teresa brown," who were probably present, and gratified by hearing the letter read aloud before sealing. But who was this Sappho this mysterious lady, famous for her oratory and gesture- who, not content with corrupting the youthful poet in town, must accompany him into the country to pollute the neighbourhood of his virtuous and peaceful home with her unhallowed presence? Some of your corres

dens," &c.

and then makes a joke about the lady, too wicked for the columns of " N. & Q."

On another occasion, he has composed a still more wicked rondeau, in imitation of Voiture, which he desires his friend Cromwell "to show Sappho." Another time he writes, "If once you [Cromwell] get so near the moon, Sappho will want your presence in the clouds and inferior regions." There is another allusion, in one of Pope's letters to the same gentleman, to “the lady in the clouds," from which the expression would appear to have had some meaning. To the name "Sappho," on one of these occasions, Mr. Bowles says in a note, "Mrs. Thomas." completes the inferential charge against Pope;

This

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