tion grows on the banks and in the stream, and the water is at present very low and unable to carry off the filth. There is no way of flushing the stream.

3. Spruce run formerly was a rather strong run and helped to carry off the filth after it reached the mouth of Bloody run, but Spruce run is entirely dry at present. This is due to the erection of a dam or reservoir near the source of Spruce run. Pipes from the reservoir carry all the water (during this dry spell) to other parts of the borough.

The inhabitants living near Bloody run and Spruce run below the slaughter house have just reason to complain. The parties who made affidavits before the burgess are respected citizens and the owners of property along the stream, where they live.

The owners of the slaughter house claim they do not wish to create or maintain a nuisance, yet it is true they pollute the stream with filth, greatly to the annoyance and damage of the people living near the stream below.

There is considerable feeling existing between G. H., one of the principal property owners below the slaughter house, and the borough authorities, on account of recent litigation he had with the borough, hence he is slow to ask any favors of councils, and councils would be as slow to grant them to him. Mr. H. certainly has a just cause of complaint. His property is greatly reduced in value by reason of the filthy condition of the stream.

The solution of the problem is to stop the pollution of the stream from the slaughter house, or pipe or arch the stream to below the înhabited portions of the borough. The former is the most practicable. The borough officials will act with you in any measure you may adopt to abate the nuisance. They want no nuisance in the borough.

The natural drainage of Morrellville is good. Several large sewers are being laid by the borough, which will be of great sanitary benefit. The water supply is fairly good, coming from reservoirs fed by the mountain streams.

There are no epidemics prevalent and comparatively little sickness of any kind.

28-INSPECTION AT BOLIVAR, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PA. By W. E. MATTHEWS, M. D., Medical Inspector, on account of a Nuisance Caused by a Slaughter House.

JOHNSTOWN, PA., October 22, 1892.

To the Secretary of the State Board of Health:

SIR: I have the honor to report that I visited Bolivar, Pa., on October

22, 1892, and found the following conditions to exist:

Bolivar is a small borough of about five hundred inhabitants, but including the surrounding territory (which is rather thickly settled) there is a population nearly double that of the borough proper.

The complaint made by Mr. W. R. A. is to points outside of the borough limits, in the township. The accompanying rough diagram (drawn from sight without any measurements), will show the location of the slaughter house, residence of W. R. A. and the C. Church. members of the church and Mr. A. are the complainants.

The

Mr. W. is the butcher and the man who maintains the nuisance. Mr. W. butchers three beeves weekly, besides sheep, lambs and other smaller animals. All the blood and other filth goes into this watercourse, which runs through the property of Mr. A. and the church property. This run contains no water except during freshets. It is entirely dry at present. The little water used in the slaughter house only washes the filth from the slaughter house a short distance to the premises of the neighbors below.

The remedy here is to stop Mr. W. throwing his filth in this stream or run, and keep his premises and slaughter house clean.

The surroundings of the slaughter house are in a filthy condition. Beef heads by the score are lying around the place.

The constable of the township is F. P. Louther, West Fairfield, Pa., and James Corsin, of Bolivar, Pa., is road supervisor.

The water supply of the place is largely from wells. plentiful and of a good quality. Place rather healthy. age good.

The water is Natural drain

29. INSPECTION OF THE CLARION PUBLIC SCHOOL,
CLARION COUNTY.

By J. W. GREENLEAF, Secretary of the Board of Health, of Clarion.

September 20, 1892.

The school is situated on the Main street, and was erected in 1885. It is a graded school, the principal is L. L. Himes. It has nine school rooms, ten teachers, has an average attendance of 168 boys, and 175 girls. The play ground is 180 feet by 180 feet, it is paved with earth, has no flowers, grass or trees. The general surface has a slope of one foot fall in fifteen feet, sloping in all directions from the building. There is no water near except what stands in the privy vaults. The only nuisance in the neighborhood is that due to the travel on the public street.

The building is of brick and stone, having two stories above the basement. The basement is used solely for the heating apparatus, and

the stories for class rooms. It is in good condition, and as far fire proof as any brick building. There are no other fire escapes than the stairs and hallways, and the rooms cannot be cut off from the stairs in case of fire. The doors open inwards. The stair case is four feet wide, tread ten inches, height of riser seven inches. There are no curved or angular steps. The plan of the building is good, there being a large hall clear through from east to west, and pupils can enter on three sides, and pass up stairs without disturbing the lower rooms. The rooms are 32 feet by 22, are 14 feet in height, with a cubic capacity of 9,856 feet. The average attendance during the most crowded period was fifty, the cubic space per scholar 200 feet.

The windows are not opened during cold weather. The Smead system of ventilation is used. There are transoms over the doors, but these are not kept open during cold weather. The windows are double in each room; there is one hole in the wall twenty by twenty inches near the floor, and six ventilating flues leading under the floor to a vent stack; these are about twelve by sixteen inches in dimensions. These are heated in the stack by a jet. The foul air discharges at the top of the building. The draught is not regular and is strong at times. There is one hot air flue in each room. The ventilation is generally good. The heating is by hot air furnaces, four in number, the inlets for fresh air being two and a half by three and a half feet, two to each room. These are sixty-feet from the privies. Thermometers are kept in all the rooms, the temperature preferred is sixty-eight to seventy degrees.

The cellar does not extend under the whole house, is eight feet high and not well lighted, though well aired. The floor is of brick and earth, and is kept neat. It is occasionally damp. It is never used as a play room. There is no dampness of the house.

There are two cesspools, covered by two rudely constructed buildings, about 12 by 12 feet, in which water and excreta stand the year round. These buildings are situated 60 feet from the fresh air inlets of the four class rooms, one on each side of the play ground.

This position is objectionable. They are neither lighted nor warmed. They are ventilated by means of a 6 by 6 board duct from the cesspool to the top of the building, which is about eight feet high. They are in miserable repair. Nothing is done to keep them clean, save a weekly scrubbing of the seats and floors. They are truly offensive. They may be used at any time during the day, but are locked up at night. The privies are on different parts of the ground, separated by a fence, and one is for the girls the other for the boys.

The drinking water is good, is furnished by a mountain stream. There are spigots on each floor. The waste pipes are trapped as well as the drains, which discharge into the drain. The soil is gravel.

Each desk and seat is separate, and of two sizes, corresponding to the ages, 6 to 18 years in the nine rooms. The height of the seats is 17, 16,

15, 14, 13 and 12 inches. If a plumb line were dropped from the edge it would fall on the outer edge of the seat. The children do not need foot rests.

The black boards are stone, slate and painted walls. None are placed on a side where there are windows.

The blinds and shades are blue with spring rollers, and do not darken too much nor obstruct the air in summer.

The walls are white in color, the ceiling also white. The rooms are a little dark on very dark days. A neighboring dwelling cuts off the light. In no rooms do scholars face the windows. The ratio of window surface to floor surface is .27.

The printed text books and maps are not bad for the eyes. There have been complaints by teachers and scholars of trouble with the eyes. The clothes are kept in separate rooms. Four of these have no opening save the door. Each child has a hook, and the clothes of but one are placed on this hook. There are no mats nor scrapers, and when children have wet feet they take off their shoes and dry their feet at the register.

No vaccination record is kept. No examination has been made as to the number of scholars vaccinated. The percentage of absences for illness during the year has been very small.

The experience of the past year has shown much complaint of headache, progressive loss of strength, defective sight; but as we now have proper drainage, we look for a better condition in many ways this year. Absences are most frequent in January and February on account of cold and wet weather.

Pupils known to have contagious affections, or who have been exposed to such, are not admitted without a medical certificate.

The school hours are 9 to 11.50 a. m., 1 to 3.50 p. m. Recess of ten minutes each half day. No recess in advanced rooms. Young scholars are dismissed at 11.30 a. m. and 3.30 p. m., in addition to their recess. They are allowed periods of rest and physical exercise. During the recesses the teachers look after the pupils on the play ground.

Since the present appointment as a board of health, we are agitating for inside water closets for teachers and larger pupils who have sense enough to use them properly. We are also urging proper drainage for the outside closets.

APPENDIX C.

QUARANTINE, DISINFECTION, EPIDEMICS AND SPECIAL SOURCES OF DISEASE.

1. Quarantine:

(a) Regulation Adopted by the Board at the Meeting of November 10, 1892. (b) Resolution of Philadelphia Board of Health Relative to Rags from Foreign Ports.

(c) Transportation of Bodies Dead from Diphtheria.

(d) Cholera.

(a) Small-pox at Point Pleasant, Bucks county.
(b) Typhoid Fever at Greencastle, Lawrence county.
(e) Small-pox at Morrisville, Bucks county.

(d) Diphtheria at Erie, Erie county.

(e) Diphtheria at Locust Gap, Northumberland county. (f) Scarlet Fever at Eldred, McKean county. (9) Small-pox at Tower City, Schuylkill county. (h) Small-pox at Titusville, Crawford county. (i) Diphtheria at Seven Valley, York county. (k) Small-pox at Pittsburgh, Allegheny county. (1) Typhus Fever at Hazleton, Luzerne county. (m) Small-pox at Mill Creek, Huntingdon county. (n) Small-pox at Coudersport, Potter county. (0) Diphtheria at Kirkwood, Lancaster county. (P) Small-pox at Allentown, Lehigh county. 3. Special Sources of Disease:

(a) Food Adulteration.

(b) Pollution of Water Supply at Harrisburg. (c) Typhus Fever.

(d) Diphtheria from Untrapped Sewer.

(e) Leprosy.

(f) Pollution of Water Supply at Scranton.

(9) Sewerage of Reading, Berks county.

(h) Tuberculosis in Cattle.

(i) Water from Well at South Fork.

(k) Floods and Fires at Oil City.

(2) Slaughter House Nuisance at Greensburg, Westmoreland county.

(m) Destroying Soiled Articles of Clothing.

(n) Small-pox Body Not to be Disinterred.

(0) Destruction of Forests.

(P) Dam Commission Requested of the Governor.

(4) Small-pox at Bunola, Allegheny county.

(r) Tuberculosis.

(8) Dumping of Garbage.

(t) Sanitary Arrangements in Construction of Railroads.