[1] STANDING RULES FOR CONDUCTING BUSINESS [Rules adopted Jan. 11, 1884, effective Jan. 21, 1884. Citations to amendments through Jan. 28, 1971, are indicated by footnotes.] RULE I APPOINTMENT OF A SENATOR TO THE CHAIR [1] 1. In the absence of the Vice President, the Senate shall [1.1] choose a President pro tempore. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. IX. On Mar. 12, 1890, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That it is competent for the Senate to elect a President pro tempore, who shall hold the office during the pleasure of the Senate and until another is elected, and shall execute the duties thereof during all future absences of the Vice President until the Senate otherwise order. (S. Jour. 165, 51-1, Mar. 12, 1890.) 2. In the absence of the Vice President, and pending the [1.2] election of a President pro tempore, the Secretary of the Senate, or in his absence the Chief Clerk, shall perform the duties of the Chair. in [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. IX. 3. The President pro tempore shall have the right to name [1.3] open Senate, or, if absent, in writing, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair; but such substitution shall not extend beyond an adjournment, except by unanimous consent. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. IX. 4.1 In event of a vacancy in the office of the Vice Presi- [1.4] dent, or whenever the powers and duties of the President shall devolve on the Vice President, the President pro tempore shall have the right to name, in writing, a Senator 1 As amended, S. Jour. 331, 332, 57-1, Apr. 18, 1902. 'As amended, S. Jour. 254, 56-1, Apr. 6, 1900; S. Jour. 41, 58–3, Dec. 15, 1904. [2] [3.1] to perform the duties of the Chair during his absence; and the Senator so named shall have the right to name in open session, or in writing, if absent, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair, but such substitution shall not extend beyond adjournment, except by unanimous consent. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. IX. On Jan. 4, 1905, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That whenever a Senator shall be designated by the President pro tempore to perform the duties of the Chair during his temporary absence he shall be empowered to sign, as acting President pro tempore, the enrolled bills and joint resolutions coming from the House of Representatives for presentation to the President of the United States. (S. Jour. 47, 58-3, Jan. 4, 1905.) RULE II OATHS, ETC. The oaths or affirmations required by the Constitution and prescribed by law shall be taken and subscribed by each Senator, in open Senate, before entering upon his duties. OATHS REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION AND BY LAW TO BE TAKEN BY I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States. (1 Stat. 23, June 1, 1789.) I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God. (5 U.S.C. 3331.) RULE III COMMENCEMENT OF DAILY SESSIONS 1. The Presiding Officer having taken the chair, and a quorum being present, the Journal of the preceding day shall be read, and any mistake made in the entries corrected. The reading of the Journal shall not be suspended unless by unanimous consent; and when any motion shall be made to amend or correct the same, it shall be deemed a privileged question, and proceeded with until disposed of. [Jefferson's Manual, Secs. VI, XLIX. 2. A quorum shall consist of a majority of the Senators [3.2] duly chosen and sworn. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. VI. [3.3] On Feb. 6, 1939, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That the Chaplain shall open each calendar day's session of the Senate with prayer. (S. Jour. 93, 76–1, Feb. 5, 1939.) On Feb. 29, 1960, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That during the session of the Senate when that body is in continuous session, the Presiding Officer shall temporarily suspend the business of the Senate at noon each day for the purpose of having the customary daily prayer by the Chaplain of the Senate. (S. Jour. 135, 86-2, Feb. 29, 1960.) 1. The proceedings of the Senate shall be briefly and accu- [4.1] rately stated on the Journal. Messages of the President in full; titles of bills and joint resolutions, and such parts as shall be affected by proposed amendments; every vote, and a brief statement of the contents of each petition, memorial, or paper presented to the Senate, shall be entered. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. VIII. 2. The legislative, the executive, the confidential legisla- [4.2] tive proceedings, and the proceedings when sitting as a Court of Impeachment, shall each be recorded in a separate book. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLIX. QUORUM ABSENT SENATORS MAY BE SENT FOR 1. No Senator shall absent himself from the service of the Senate without leave. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. VIII. 2. If, at any time during the daily sessions of the Senate, a question shall be raised by any Senator as to the presence of a quorum, the Presiding Officer shall forthwith direct the Secretary to call the roll and shall announce the result, and these proceedings shall be without debate. [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. VII. 3. Whenever upon such roll call it shall be ascertained that a quorum is not present, a majority of the Senators present may direct the Sergeant at Arms to request, and, when necessary, to compel the attendance of the absent Senators, which order shall be determined without debate; and pending its execution, and until a quorum shall be present, no debate nor motion, except to adjourn, shall be in order. RULE VI [Jefferson's Manual, Secs. VII, VIII. PRESENTATION OF CREDENTIALS 1. The presentation of the credentials of Senators elect and other questions of privilege shall always be in order, except during the reading and correction of the Journal, while a question of order or a motion to adjourn is pending, or while the Senate is dividing; and all questions and motions arising or made upon the presentation of such credentials shall be proceeded with until disposed of. 2. The Secretary shall keep a record of the certificates of election of Senators by entering in a well-bound book kept for that purpose the date of the election, the name of the person elected and the vote given at the election, the date of the certificate, the name of the governor and the secretary of state signing and countersigning the same, and the State from which such Senator is elected. On July 17, 1961, the Senate agreed to the following: Resolved, That, in the opinion of the Senate, the following are convenient and sufficient forms of the certificates of election of a Senator for a six-year term, or an unexpired term, or for the appointment of a Senator to fill a vacancy, to be signed by the executive of any State in pursuance of the Constitution and the statutes of the United States: "CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM "To the President of the Senate of the United States: day of 19, A B a Senator "This is to certify that on the was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the State of from said State to represent said State in the Senate of the United States for the term of six years, beginning on the 3d day of January, 19. "Witness: His excellency our governor affixed at this day of "By the governor: and our seal hereto in the year of our Lord 19—. "CD "Governor. [6.3] "EF, "Secretary of State." "CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR UNEXPIRED TERM "To the President of the Senate of the United States: "This is to certify that on the was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the State of for the unexpired term ending at noon on the 3d day of January, 19—, to fill the vacancy in the representation from said State in the Senate of the United States caused by the |