The hopes touching the effect of this marriage upon the relations of the settlers to the Indians were in a very great part realized, for from the day of the marriage the English traded on friendly terms with Powhatan and his people. As far as the old chief was concerned, he never violated the peace that was thus brought about.

After the marriage of Pocahontas and Mr. Rolfe, they went to live at Rolfe's home, "Varina," in one of the new settlements along the James River, known as Bermuda Hundred. Here lived Mr. Whitaker, who had charge of the spiritual interests of the plantation, and also Sir Thomas Dale made this his place of residence instead of Jamestown,

Speaking of Pocahontas after her marriage, Sir Thomas Dale declared, "She lived civilly and lovingly with her husband, and I trust will increase in goodness as the knowledge of God increases in her. She will come to England with me, and were it but the gaining of this one soul, I will think my time, toil and present time as well spent."

These three, Dale, Whitaker and Rolfe, gave themselves enthusiastically and industriously to the instruction of Pocahontas, both in the matter of religion and in making her acquainted with the English tongue and customs. She was an eager and an apt pupil. She had always been interested in all things appertaining to the English people, and now gave herself with great zeal to the task of becoming familiar with the traditions and forms of English life. It was at her home, "Varina," that her little son, Thomas Rolfe, was born.

When Dale, in 1616, embarked for England, he carried with him Mr. Rolfe, his wife and child, Tomocomo, and other Indians of both sexes. The vessel reached Plymouth in June, 1616. Immediately upon the arrival of Pocahontas she became the guest of the Virginia Company, who provided measures for the support and entertainment of her and her child.

Great interest was taken in her by all classes of people, but especially by persons of great rank and calling, she being regarded as a real princess, the daughter of a King in the wilderness, who ruled, as did English sovereigns, by divine right. Tomocomo excited widespread interest and curiosity, he being looked upon as an "understanding fellow." Powhatan had given him certain important missions to be discharged. One of his duties while abroad was to count all the English people, and to be able to give, on his return, an exact idea of their strength. He was also charged with the task of ascertaining if there were any forests or grain in the country. He was also, when opportunity was furnished, to seek an introduction to the God of the Englishmen. He said to Captain Smith: "Powhatan did bid me to find you out to show me your God, and the King and Queen and princes you so much told us." "Concerning God," said Smith, "I told him the best I could. The King he heard of he had seen, and the rest he should see when he would."

On the occasion of this visit to England on the part of Pocahontas, John Smith sought in her behalf the favor of Queen Anne. He addressed to her a letter in which he recited the virtues of Pocahontas and her services to him and to the English colony, telling for the first time the story of the rescue of his life by Pocahontas. On account of these things he asked for her queenly consideration of the Indian maiden. It seems that Smith was somewhat delayed in seeing Pocahontas, and somewhat formal in his conduct in her presence, and that his conduct greatly distressed her. The truth is that she had been led to believe that he was dead, and was as much surprised to find him alive as she was pained by his distant and formal treatment. What the necessity was for telling her that Smith was dead is not very clearly shown. There is the inevitable presumption that those next

to her and Mr. Rolfe suspected an ardent attachment on her part for Smith, and not until she was assured of his death could there be any hope that Mr. Rolfe might press his suit successfully. Such deceit seems to be utterly incongruous with the pious protestations of Mr. Rolfe, who sought above all things her conversion to Christianity. However these

things may be, Pocahontas was greatly distressed that Smith should treat her in any way than as a father should treat a child. She said to Smith: "You did promise Powhatan what was yours should be his, and he the like to you. You called him 'Father,' being in his land a stranger, and for the same reason so must I do to you." Smith protested, and explained that their relations could not be in England as they were in America, and that he "durst not allow that title, because she was regarded as a King's daughter." "Were you not afraid," said Pocahontas, "to come into my father's country and cause fcar in him and all his people but me, and fear you here I should call you father? I tell you then I will, and you shall call me chid, and so I will be forever and ever your country

They did tell us always you were dead, and I knew

no other until I came to Plymouth."

During his brief stay in London Captain Smith saw much of Pocahontas, and was pleased to introduce to her many courtiers and other friends who wished to know the Indian lady. "The gentlemen," said Smith, "generally concluded they did think God had a great hand in her conversion, and said they had seen many English ladies worse favored, proportioned and behavioured." Pocahontas was presented to the court, accompanied by Lady Delaware, and met both King James and his wife, Queen Anne.

Captain Argall was about to sail for Virginia as Governor of the colony. It was determined that the party, except the other Indians, should return with him. While in England a

portrait of Pocahontas was made, and beneath the portrait was this inscription: "Matoax als Rebecca, daughter to the mighty Prince Powhatan, Emperor of Attanough-Kornouck als Virginia, converted and baptized in the Christian faith, and wife to the worshipful Mr. John Rolfe, age 21, Anno Domini 1616." There is also an idealized portrait by the artist Sully, but unfortunately there is nothing to indicate the Indian maiden as she really was in the wilderness of Virginia. Pocahontas seemed to be unwilling to leave England, and, indeed, she was destined never again to see Virginia. She was seized with galloping consumption and died, it is said, with her face towards the sea, at Gravesend, on the eve of her departure for America. Smith, in his history, speaks of her death in this wise: "It pleased God, at Gravesend, to take this young lady to His mercy, where she made not more sorrow for her unexpected death than joy to the beholders to hear and see her make so religious and godly an end."

Her child, Thomas Rolfe, was left in England under the care of his uncle, Mr. H. Rolfe, a merchant in London. He was educated in England, and afterwards returned to America, and from him are descended some of the most respectable and worthy families of Virginia. Among them were such families as Murray, Fleming, Gay, Whittle, Robertson, Bolling and Eldridge, as well as the branch of Randolphs to which the famous John Randolph of Roanoke belonged.

One turns naturally to Mrs. Sigourney's poems for a concluding verse:

"The council fires are quenched that erst so red

Their midnight volume 'mid the groves entwined.

King, stately chief, warrior host, are dead,
Nor remnant nor memory left behind.

But thou, O forest princess! true of heart

When o'er our fathers waved destruction's dart,

Shalt in their children's loving hearts be shrined;

Pure, lovely star o'er oblivion's wave,

It is not meet thy name should moulder in the grave."

CHAPTER VII.

THE TRAVAIL OF THE NATION.

Nations are born as individuals, in pain and suffering. There seems to be a necessity in the Divine order that there should always be in a national life a preliminary stage of painful waiting and delay. Out of the hot fires of sorrow and trial is born that solidarity that makes national life possible and real. This country has been no exception to God's great order. In the travail of brave settlers and heroic pioneers the nation came to its life.

The exuberant spirits of the colonists incident to their first landing at Jamestown slowly passed away as the summer and fall approached. It soon began to dawn upon these adventurers that they were not out on a picnic. After the excitement of their first contact with the New World they were confronted with the grave and practical work of maintaining themselves under strange and unpropitious circum

stances.

It has already been remarked that the location of Jamestown Island was unfortunate because of its unsanitary conditions and lack of wholesome drinking water. The colonists were at first dependent upon the brackish water of the river, which, even at lowest ebb tide, was salt almost to bitterness. and at flood tide was quite impossible as drinking water. Somewhat later they resorted to the expedient of digging a well, but a shallow well under such conditions of soil would furnish water perhaps even less wholesome than the river. Besides, the surrounding country was full of malaria. On