No Farewell To Arms?: Military Disengagement From Politics In Africa And Latin America

Acheampong action Akuffo Alfred Stepan APRA armed forces army barracks Bolivia Buhari Chaco War civil civil-military relations civilian control civilian government civilian rule Claude E coalition Colombia colonial Conservative constitutional continued contrast Côte-d'Ivoire countries coup d'état disengagement from politics domestic economic elections electoral elite ethnic factors French Ghana Ghanaian Gowon groups Houphouet Boigny Ibid independence institutions internal intra-military involvement in politics Ivorian junta la violencia Latin America leaders leadership Liberal major military disengagement military government military intervention military involvement military regime Military Rule military's Morales Bermudez Murtala Nigeria Nigerian military Nkrumah officer corps percent period Peru Peruvian military political parties political role political system politicians popular potential praetorianism President presidential pressures professional recivilianization reform regional relatively revolution revolutionary Rojas seemed social soldiers Stepan Studies successful successor Third World tropical Africa unity Velasco Victor Paz Estenssoro violence West Africa widespread