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Hinc etiam videmus, quamobrem Virgilius, cujus ætate peculiaris illa significatio vocis Keavos, jamdiu esset exoleta, mare suum aliter in Æneæ clypeo ordinaverit.

Hæc inter tumidi late maris ibat imago. En. viii. 671.

In medio classes æratas, &c.

i. e. 'in medio clypei, non maris; etsi hoc mediam clypei partem occupare putandum est.' Heyn. in loc.

"Si quærendum videatur, an hæc vocis, keavòs, notio apud alios Scriptores reperiatur, notandus in primis est Hesiodus eadem fere cum Homerò loquens. Vid. Ocory. 242. Aσπ. 314. Citandus est præterea in eandem sententiam Euripides :

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Similia videtur Orpheus, vel qui sub nomine ejus scripsit, de Oceano, sentire quamvis fluvium non diserte nominaverit : εἴκει δ ̓ ἀκαμάτου πόντου τὸ βαθύῤῥουν ὕδωρ,

Ωκεανός τε πέριξ ἐνὶ ὕδασι γαῖαν ἑλίσσων. Hymn. 10. 14. Vide etiam Hymn. lxxxii. 3. cit. supra, et fragm. xliv.

"Postea generaliori sensu accipi cœpit vox wкeavòs, quamvis haud adeo frequenter occurrat. In uno tantum alio loco apud Euripidem invenitur, sc. Hippol. vs. 120. et ibi simpliciter mare videtur denotare.-Vid. Valcken. et Monk. In Pindari Pyth. iv. 45. mare Libycum denotat, et vs. 447. wкeavoû teλάγεσσιν ἐνεμίγησαν. de mare Mediterraneo et Argonautis sermo est, judice Dammio.

Sed nos immensum spatiis confecimus æquor;— nec hujus est loci disquirere quantum veritatis cum errore in Homerici fluvii notione misceatur; nec quibus potissimum nixus rationibus ab eo dissentiat Herodotus Lib. II. §§. 21. 23. Id vero tenendum, ὠκεανὸν apud Poetam fuisse ποταμὸν-posteriores autem (vid. Steph. Byz. in v.) qui de Oceano terras circumambiente post Homerum scripserint, quique se forsan eadem cum Homero sensisse crediderint, wкeavoù nomine OáXaocar seu TóvTOV intellexisse, a qua non Homerus solum, verum Hesiodus, Orpheus, Euripides, verbis disertis eam vocem discernunt." P. 1094.

We have made some remarks on this question in the first volume of this Journal, p. 254. To the names of those authors who have spoken of the Ocean as a river, may be added that of Plato in the Phædo §. 64. τυγχάνει δ' ἄρα ὄντα ἐν τούτοις τοῖς πολλοῖς τέτταρ ̓ ἄττα ρεύματα, ὧν τὸ μὲν μέγιστον καὶ kai ἐξωτάτω ῥέον περικύκλῳ, ὁ καλούμενος Ωκεανός ἐστι. which he takes from Homer, Odyss. A. 157.

We must not omit to observe, that the present work is the most splendid specimen of classical typography, which has hitherto issued from the English Press.

GALENI ADHORTATIO AD ARTES.

Cum sua Annotatione et

Versione D. Erasmi edidit ABRAHAMUS WILLET. Lugduni Batavorum, 1812. pp. xiv. 153.

MR. WILLET is a scholar of the celebrated Wyttenbach, and in order to prove himself worthy of so able an instructor, publishes this small volume For so doing he assigns no better reason than this, that although he did not care a straw for certain molesti homines, yet he judged it expedient to silence their clamours against him, by convincing the prudentiores that he had not lost his time. Now we would suggest to Mr. Willet, that this end might have been as effectually answered, by handing about his interleaved Galen amongst these prudentiores; a plan which we recommend him to pursue in future, at least till time shall have matured his judgment, and sharpened his critical sagacity.

With regard to the treatise itself, we think it very doubtful, whether it be really the production of Galen; since, notwithstanding the commendations bestowed upon it by Mr. Wyttenbach and his eléve, it is surely a very inferior composition, incorrect in language, inelegant in arrangement, and weak in argument. Several phrases occur which betray an ignorance of the Greek idiom; and there is throughout an ambitious phraseology, a flowery rhetoric, which seems to have been culled from the "gardens of Adonis," rather than from the orchards of Alcinous. Having stated with freedom our opinion of the author, we

have only to remark of the editor, that he has not wielded the critical pruning-hook with a skilful hand. Mr. Wyttenbach himself, although a scholar of the most profound erudition, has not always returned laden with honours from his excursions into the regions of criticism; and Mr. Willet, we are compelled to observe, has not yet attained that insight into the analogy and structure of the Greek language, that comprehensive view of it's beauties, nor that accurate discrimination of it's niceties, which are accomplishments essential to a good critic. We shall pro

ceed to offer a few remarks upon the text of the work itself. Ρ. 3. κἂν λόγου μέτεστι τοῖς ἄλλοις ζώοις, κατ ̓ ἐξοχὴν αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος μόνος ὀνομάζεται λογικός.

We remarked on a former occasion, that Mr. Wyttenbach did not seem to be aware of some properties of the particle av. Mr. Willet ought to have known, that κἂν μέτεστι is a solecism. The passage should be read as follows, κἂν λόγου μετῇ καὶ τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζώοις, κατ' ἐξοχὴν αὐτῶν ὁ ἄνθρωπος μόνος ὀνομάζεται λογικός. So in the exordium, Εἰ μὲν μηδόλως (μηδ' ὅλως) λόγου μέτεστι τοῖς ἀλόγοις όνομαζομένοις ζώοις ἄδηλόν ἐστι.

Ρ. 4. ἧς (Τύχης) τὴν μοχθηρίαν ἐμφανίσαι βουληθέντες οἱ παλαιοὶ, γράφοντες καὶ πλάττοντες αὐτὴν, οὐ μόνον ἐν εἴδει γυναικὸς ἠρκέσθησαν—ἀλλὰ καὶ, &c.

It is evident that there should be no comma after αὐτὴν, the construction is ἠρκέσθησαν γράφοντες.

Ibid. οὐκ ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκοντός ἐστιν, ἐπιτρέπειν ἑαυτὸν ἐν τοιαύταις περιστάσεσι πραγμάτων τυφλῇ δαίμονι, μηδ' αὐτῇ βεβαίως ἐστηριγμένῃ.

Erasmus translates the concluding words, nec huic satis stabili, which is not the sense of them; it should be " cum ne ipsa quidem satis stabilis sit."

Ρ. 5. ὡς πολλάκις τοὺς ἀξιολόγους ἄνδρας παρερχομένη, πλουτίζειν τοὺς ἀναξίους· οὐδὲ τούτους βεβαίως, ἀλλ ̓ ὅσον πάλιν οὕτως ἀφαιρεῖσθαι τὰ δοθέντα.

For οὕτως Wyttenbach conjectures αὐτῶν. MS. Londin. ὡς ἂν ἔδωκεν, οὕτως ἀφαιρεῖσθαι. We would read, ἀλλ ̓ ὅσον δοκεῖν καὶ πάλιν οὕτως ἀφ. τὰ δοθ. Sophocles (Ed. Tyr. 1199. Τίς γάρ, τίς ἀνὴρ πλέον = τᾶς εὐδαιμονίας φέρει = ἢ τοσοῦτον, ΟΣΟΝ ΔΟΚΕΙΝ, = καὶ δόξαντ ̓ ἀποκλῖναι ; The first part of the

above sentiment affords us an opportunity of extracting two Iambic Trimeters from the Scholiast on Theocritus X. 19. where they have hitherto lain undistinguished from their kindred prose. The words of the Scholiast are, ώσαύτως καὶ ὁ Πλοῦτος τυφλός. παρέρχεται γὰρ τοὺς καλοὺς καὶ κοσμίους καὶ δίδωσιν ἑαυτὸν τοῖς κακίστοις καὶ βδελυροῖς. The verses are these,

Παρέρχεται γὰρ τοὺς καλοὺς καὶ κοσμίους,

Δίδωσι δ' αὑτὸν τοῖς κακίστοις καὶ + βδελυροῖς. The last verse perhaps was written τοῖς βδελυροῖσι καὶ κακοῖς. Plutus in Aristophanes (v. 88.) says, Ἐγὼ γὰρ ὢν μειράκιον ἠπείλησ ̓, ὅτι Ὡς τοὺς δικαίους καὶ σοφοὺς καὶ κοσμίους Μόνους βαδιοίμην. While we are upon this subject, we cannot help remarking that the following words are quoted from Aristotle by Cruquius, Gesner, and Zeunius on Horace Ep. I. xviii. 31. without any suspicion of their metrical tendency; Πολλαῖς ὁ δαίμων οὐ κατ ̓ εὔνοιαν φέρων μεγάλα δίδωσιν εὐτυχήματα, ἀλλ ̓ ἵνα τὰς συμφορὰς λάβωσιν ἐπιφανεστέρας. See Barnes Eurip. Fragm. Inc. 13.

Plato Charmid. p. 463. Ε. κατέναντι λέοντος νεβρὸν ἐλθόν τα μοῖραν αἱρεῖσθαι κρεῶν. Here seems to be a senarius ; Ελθόντα νεβρὸν μοῖραν αἱρεῖσθαι κρεῶν. See Hemsterhus. on Lucian. I. p. 358.

Plutarch. fragm. p. 128. ed. Matth. δύο ταῦτα ὡσπερεὶ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρετῆς εἰσὶ, Ελπίς τε τιμῆς καὶ φόβος τιμωρίας. This passage is quoted without any intimation of the verse, by M. Boissonade in his notes on Marinus, p. 99.

Proclus in Hesiod. Op. Di. 73. ἐπειδὴ ἡ γυνὴ κεκοσμημένη —Πείθει τὸν ἄνδρα πρὸς συνουσίας τάχος.

Ρ. 5. μηδέποτ' ἐν αὐτῷ μενούσῃ. Jamotius ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ. We are surprised, that Mr. Willet did not print ἐν ταὐτῷ. Infra p. 40. μένειν ἐπὶ ταὐτοῦ.

Ρ. 6. τὸν Ἑρμῆν, θεᾶσαι πάλιν, ὅπως ἐξ ὑπεναντίου τὴν Τύχην κεκοσμήκασιν οἱ παλαιοί. Wyttenbach proposes τῇ Τύχη. Jamotius τῆς Τύχης. Read ἐξ ὑπεναντίου ἢ τὴν Τύχην. Thucydides VII. 80. ἐδόκει—ἀπάγειν τὴν στρατιὰν, μηκέτι τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν, ᾗ διενοήθησαν, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον Ἢ οι Συρακούσιοι ετήρουν, where see Duker's note. Herodot. Ι. 22. ήκουε-τοὺς έναντίους λόγους ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε. Aristoph. Plut. 14. Τούναντίον δρῶν, ἢ προσῆκ ̓ αὐτῷ ποιεῖν. Eurip. Orest. 927. Τούναντίον δὲ δράσετ ̓ ἢ δρᾶσαι χρεών.

Ρ. 8. τῷ μὲν τὸν Πακτωλὸν ἰδὼν ρέοντα χρυσόν. “ Eleganter dictum” says Mr. Willet " pro φέροντα χρυσόν.” Nothing is more customary amongst critics, than to say of a phrase or construction which sins against the rules of grammar, that it is eleganter, or subtiliter, or exquisite dictum. For χρυσὸν read χρυσοῦ. Dio Chrysostom. Orat. XXXV. p. 434. ἐκεῖ γὰρ, ὡς φασι, ποταμοὶ ῥέουσιν, οὐχ ὥσπερ παρ' ὑμῖν, ὕδατος, ἀλλ ̓ ὁ μὲν γάλακτος, ὁ δὲ οἴνου.

Ρ. 11. οὓς ἴσα καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς σέβομεν. It should be either ἴσα τοῖς θεοῖς, οι ἴσα καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς, which latter we prefer. Eurip. Electr. 994. Χαῖρε σεβίζω σ ̓ ἴσα καὶ μάκαρας.

Ρ. 11. τοῦ σκάφους ἀπολουμένου. Read ἀπολομένου.

P. 14. Mr. Willet injudiciously alters ήτιμάκασιν, the reading of the editions, into ήτιμήκασιν, a barbarous word. The Greeks used ατιμάζω, not ἀτιμάω or ἀτιμέω. It is true that ἀτιμῆσαι frequently occurs in Homer, but it should be changed into ατιμάσσαι.

Ρ. 21. ἐπαινέσῃ δ' ἄν τις. This particle ἂν is a sad stumbling block. Read επαινέσειε δ' ἄν τις.

Ibid. κατ' ἐκεῖνον μάλιστα τὸν χρόνον ἀσκουμένης, ἡνίχ ὡραιότατα φαίνηται τὰ σώματα. Although three MSS. have the true reading φαίνεται, Mr. Willet has not received it into the text.

P. 29. ἐπιμελήσασθαι παιδείας, ἧς τυχόντες μὲν, τὸ μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἕξομεν· ἀποτυχόντες δὲ οὐκ αἰσχυνούμεθα τῶν ἀργήστων ζώων ἐλαττούμενοι.

Erasmus renders ἀργήστων ζώων brutis ignavissimis. Mr. Willet has printed in the text ἀχρήστων. The genuine reading is probably ἀλογίστων. The next sentence is, Σώματος δ ̓ ἄσκησις αθλητικὴ, ἀποτυγχανομένη μὲν αἰσχίστη, ἐπιτυγχανομένη δὲ, τῶν ἀλόγων ζώων οὐδέπω κρείττων. Infra p. 37. οὐδεν ἀκριβὲς νοῆσαι δυναμένην, ἀλλ ̓ ἄνουν, ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζώοις, where the comma has no business after ἄνουν.

Ρ. 37. εἴπερ Ιπποκράτει δεῖ πιστεύειν, εἰπόντι, τὴν καὶ ἐπ ̓ ἄκρον εὐεξίαν σφαλερὰν ὑπάρχειν. Read εἰπόντι καὶ τὴν ἐπ ̓ ἄκρον εὐεξίαν.

In p. 33. are cited some verses from Euripides, which, if they had not been Greek, we should have recommended to the attention of our modern boxers and pedestrians :

Τί γὰρ παλαίσας εὖ, τί δ' ὠκύπους ἀνὴρ.

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