project, the State shall pay an appropriate service charge and/or an appropriate share of the operation, maintenance, and replacement costs in connection therewith.

(d) Operation of the Feather River project for water service to areas as presently authorized shall proceed as planned by the State, with due regard in construction and operation of project features to provide for meeting for State's contractual obligation with the United States respecting the Federal San Luis uni.

The two projects will physically operate under the above premises and agreement as follows:

1. Surplus water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers delta will be picked up by pumps of both the Central Valley project's Tracy installation and by the Feather River project's Tracy facilities, in proportion to the rights of each and by agreement in accordance with (b) and (c) above.

2. The surplus water in the delta will be firmed by the Federal Central Valley project and by the State's Feather River project, thus providing additional water for use within service areas of both projects in respective entitled amounts.

3. Water pumped by Central Valley project's delta pumps will move southward through the Delta-Mendota Canal. That portion destined for use in the San Luis unit will be repumped through the new Federal San Luis unit pumping plant to either the State's San Luis Reservoir or the State's main south canal. Losses in storage and transmission of this water shall be properly considered.

4. Water pumped by the State project's delta pumps will move southward through the State's delta-San Luis canal. At San Luis this water will be repumped to either the reservoir for storage and regulation or to the Feather River project main south canal for transmission to the State's Feather River project service areas, with losses in storage and transmission to be properly considered.

The southern California water coordinating conference last week approved this concept, and respecting it the Water Association of Kern County has said the following:

This concept for meeting the urgent water needs of south and west San Joaquin Valley and other California areas combines the advantages of State ownership and operation of the San Luis Dam and Reservoir and other mainline facilities as part of the State authorized Feather River project as the initial unit of the California water plan, with the proposed Federal development of irrigation and other water service for the San Luis unit area as part of the Central Valley project.

It is believed that under the concept here to be set forth, water users in the San Luis unit area will receive equal service to any heretofore proposed. It is further believed that prospective water users of the Feather River project will receive timely and unimpaired service in line with existing and future needs. It is also believed that both the United States and the State of California can develop their respective works with advantage to both; with maximum opportunity for cooperation; with lowest possible costs for each under a practical plan of development; at lowest costs and with earliest deliveries to water users, with increased or more certain water availability.

A basic objective under the concept is immediate construction of facilities to make available surplus water in the delta to areas which need water at the earliest possible moment; followed by a larger construction program which will increase the quantity of water available for movement south on a firm and permanent basis.

In the operation of both projects it may be found that excess capacity or requirements exceeding capacity will exist from time to time, particularly in the early stages of project development. Under the concept here proposed,

if the excess capacity of one of the projects coincides with the excess requirements of the other, it will be possible to utilize facilities of the one to the advantage of the other and vice versa.

The sequence of project construction by both the State and the United States could be affected by these factors. Both could cooperate toward meeting the urgent needs of the two service areas. The State could give high priority to construction of the San Luis Dam, forebay, and aqueduct from San Luis to Kettleman City, while Federal construction of the San Luis pumping plants and other major works required in the San Luis service area, plus distribution facilities in the area, would proceed. The State would also extend its facilities, as appropriate, for service to other Feather River project service areas which are in critical need of water. Then under the State-Federal agreement there envisioned, the available surplus water in the delta could be delivered through the Federal project's facilities as far as the State's San Luis Reservoir, and there stored and further conveyed southward through State facilities to be used to meet the most urgent and immediate water needs of south and west San Joaquin Valley, in service areas of both projects.

Construction of other project features by both State and Federal agencies would be expected to proceed during this time in line with the buildup of water requirements along the line.

I realize this has been a lengthy presentation and I thank you for bearing with me. But a problem so important to so many people, and to the future of our second largest State, justifies the intensive deliberation you are making.

I most sincerely hope that what I have said will assist in a decision by you to adopt the Hosmer bills (H. R. 2452 and H. R. 2521) and reject the Sisk bills (H. R. 6035 and H. R. 7295) in answering this vital problem. Further, that in connection with the Hosmer bill, you will evaluate the advisability of amending its provision to include such part of the implementing concept I have outlined as may be provident.

In closing, I am happy to advise you of unanimous proceedings yesterday, January 14, 1958, by the board of directors of the metropolitan water district of southern California as follows:

Moved by Director Farrar, seconded by Director Haywar, and carried, that the board of directors approves the approach embodied in the Hosmer bill (H. R. 2452, 84th Cong., 1st sess., Jan. 10, 1957) to the enactment of congressional legislation relating to the San Luis project and, to the extent consistent therewith, the general principles which are outlined in the Kern County Farm Bureau concept as distributed December 16, 1957, to the members of this board.

Mr. ASPINALL. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California, Mr. Utt.

Mr. UTT. Mr. Chairman, I have no statement to make at this time and I would like to associate myself with the statement made by Mr. Hosmer.

Mr. ASPINALL. The Chair is in possession of a statement by Hon. William F. Knowland, senior Senator from the State of California, with his request that it be placed in the record of the hearings at this point. Is there any objection?

Hearing none, it is so ordered.

(The document follows.)

STATEMENT OF SENATOR WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND

Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to submit my views to the members of the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation on the proposed construction and operation of the San Luis project. As the committee knows, the main features of this project provide for the construction of a reservoir and supplemental works to serve a water shortage area of 500,000 acres. It is my

understanding that the subcommittee now has pending before it several bills which authorize the construction of the San Luis project. Although the provisions of these bills differ and, in some places, conflict with each other with respect to the sponsorship and other features of the project, all of the legislation demonstrates the importance and the necessity for early construction of the San Luis project.

It has been my considered belief that legislation authorizing immediate Federal construction of the San Luis unit should be approved by the Congress with provisions in such legislation for subsequent integration with California's own water utilization and conservation program. During my service in the United States Senate over the past 13 years, where for a considerable period of the time I have been serving on the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Public Works, I have adhered to the principle that feasible projects which benefit one part of the country should be supported because they ultimately benefit the remaining areas of the Nation. Similarly, there have been projects in my own State of California to which I have given my support because they were essential to the development of our water resources and they have proven to be of great benefit to the entire economy of the State.

As the members of the subcomittee may know, both Senator Kuchel and I have introduced legislation, S. 1887, now pending in the Senate Interior Committee, which is companion legislation to H. R. 6035, introduced by Congressman Sisk. When this legislation was introduced, such action was taken after the drafting of the provisions of the bill had been participated in by representatives of the State of California and received the State government's endorsement at the time they were introduced.

The incontestable facts that must be borne in mind in connection with the need for this legislation are as follows:

1. The service area for irrigation under H. R. 6035 is unquestionably a critical water deficit area.

2. The Department of the Interior has endorsed construction of the project as proposed by this legislation.

3. This legislation has previously received the support of the Governor and the State department of water resources.

California's water problem made infinitely complex by population increase pressures can only be resolved by the construction of additional storage and distribution projects.

It has always been contemplated that congressional hearings on this measure might show the wisdom of amendments to the bill, which of course I would be prepared to consider and, if sound, to support. It has been my belief, and I am sure that of Senator Kuchel, that prompt construction of the San Luis project would prove an impetus to the program for the development of other major water projects which are now proposed as integral units of the State water plan. So that there would be no obstacles placed in the path of a statewide water program, this legislation specifically provides for the integration of the San Luis unit and coordinated operation of the project by the State of California.

In view of the dire need for an immediate supplemental water supply to a great area of the San Joaquin Valley of California, I urgently request the members of this subcommittee, and the House as well, as look favorably on the San Luis legislation at this session of the Congress.

Mr. ASPINALL. Without objection, the statements of Senator Kuchel, Representative McFall (see p. 122), and Representative Moss will be placed in the record at this point.

Hon. WAYNE N. ASPINALL,

UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS, January 14, 1958.

Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR REPRESENTATIVE ASPINALL: Pending before your subcommittee is H. R. 6035, introduced by Congressman B. F. Sisk, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to construct the San Luis unit of the Central Valley project, and to enter into an agreement with the State of California with respect to the construction and operation of the unit. In the Senate I am the coauthor with my California colleague, Senator Knowland, of similar legislation (S. 1887) upon which hearings will shortly be scheduled.

This proposed water project legislation, prior to its introduction, was endorsed by the State of California, speaking through Gov. Goodwin Knight, and the director of water resources, Harvey Banks. It was also endorsed by the Department of the Interior. It presents, in my view, a basis on which both governments may cooperate in helping to solve a desperately critical water problem which acutely affects the future life and property in all sections of California. The concept of an integrated reservoir furnishing water to the people in an expanded Central Valley service area, and at the same time available to the State of California Feather River project for transportation of water to the furthermost reaches of southern California, is an appealing one. I believe it serves the public interest. As a legislator, I see no insuperable problem in finding exact language clearly to spell out such a concept providing for unequivocal and explicit directives in the legislation for joint State-Federal use. This bill provides an excellent basis for meeting this challenge.

Assuredly, men of good will, working together, can meet it, and meet it successfully. Indeed, the future of California demands it.

California faces an acutely growing water problem, despite the great development of control and use of water during the past few decades. This development simply has not kept pace with our growth in population, industry, and agriculture. Two factors contribute to this: (1) The geographic maldistribution of our water; and (2) its time of availability.

The major water resources are in the northern part of the State, but the great agricultural areas and one-half of the population are in water-scarce central and southern areas. There is sufficient water for all needs, but the problem is a proper and equitable distribution. California streamflows follow the precipitation and snow thaws which occur in the winter and spring months; the summers are dry. Control of the consequent spring runoff by storage reservoirs thus becomes mandatory if there is to be an efficient distribution system to meet our expanding all-year needs.

You and the members of your subcommittee are aware of the great contributions of the Federal Government in past development of California water resources, for which my State continues to be grateful. As I have already indicated, the past accomplishments still have not met the desperate need for further water development. This is effectively demonstrated by a statement of the California Department of Water Resources issued last May in its bulletin No. 3 (The California Water Plan), where it was said:

"The construction of highways, schools, hospitals, and other public works has greatly accelerated since the end of World War II. However, to supply its necessary water, California is relying, for the most part, on works which were designed to meet the needs as anticipated 20 to 30 years ago. These facts are now becoming known and more generally understood by the people. It is apparent to most that the continued growth and prosperity of California is dependent upon prompt and substantial efforts by the responsible local governmental agencies, the State and the Federal Government, to insure that the planning and construction of water development projects keeps pace with the growing need for water."

In 1940, California had a population of slightly less than 7 million. By 1950, it had increased to about 10,600,000. Today it is estimated that it has a total population of about 14 million, or double what it was in 1940. Meanwhile, the per capita use of water has increased almost geometrically. The California Department of Water Resources reports that in 1950 the estimated seasonal shortage of water in the State was about 2,700,000 acre-feet, largely representing an overdraft of ground water storage. By 1955, the deficit aggregated nearly 4 million acre-feet per year. It has been estimated by some water experts that by 1965 the net shortage of developed water supply could amount to more than 10 million acre-feet per season. Our water tables continue to drop as our water needs increase. This continuous drop in the water tables is in itself sufficiently alarming, and one of the collateral effects of water overdrafts has been the intrusion of sea water into the principal pumping sources along the coastal ground basins.

The State of California is embarked on a plan of self-help, the California water plan. In the opinion of the State government, the Federal legislation before you would assist the State in the development of the California water plan. In its report, the State has said:

"It is appropriate, before discussing detailed plans for the San Luis unit, to consider a broader subject; the place of the San Luis unit in a long-range water plan for California. Such a plan was presented to the California Legis

lature of 1931 * * *. There appear to be no irreconcilable engineering or financial problems involved in coordinating the construction of the San Luis unit and of other features of the California water plan. The long-range, multiple-purpose plan developed by the State division of water resources provides for water storage on the Feather River, flood control on that stream, power generation, and transportation of water to the San Francisco Bay area, the San Joaquin Valley and southern California. As far as service to the San Luis is concerned, the State and Bureau plans are basically similar * * *. Thus, physical coordination of the two plans should present no insurmountable engineering problems. Since the physical facilities and the plan of operation are so similar it seems reasonable to expect that construction of the facilities by the United States for subsequent operation as a unit of the contemplated Feather River project should assist the State in its larger endeavor ***" (From pp. 5 and 6 of Views and Recommendations of the State of California on Proposed Report of Department of the Interior on San Luis Unit.)

Cast in this background, H. R. 6035 becomes highly significant, as it represents, pernaps for the first time, coordination of efforts by the State of California and the Federal Government to implement the objectives of both. The San Luis unit of the Central Valley project would embrace major features included also by the State of California as part of the much larger Feather River project, authorized for construction by the State as the initial unit of the California water plan. The legislation was so drawn as to further the objectives of supplying the needs of the San Luis service area of the Central Valley project and of coordinating the works with the California water plan to bring new water into southern California. It would specifically permit the project facilities to be so designed and constructed as to be integrated into and made a part of the larger plan of the State of California.

The State department of water resources and the Federal Bureau of Reclamation envision a cooperative and integrated reservoir which would serve a great Federal reclamation project in being and a greater State project which is now on the way. I am not an engineer. I am a legislator. But what the professional engineering departments, State and Federal, agree upon-generally, in the bill before us-appears to be a proper basis on which your committee and the Congress can act effectively in cooperation with the State of California. I have not seen any specific proposals for amendment to this legislation. Some will be offered. Each needs to be thoroughly and carefully considered. Pride of authorship is irrelevant in meeting the needs of our people. The time for action is at hand.

Permit me respectfully to ask that this letter be made a part of the record of your hearings on H. R. 6035.

With kind personal regards, I am

Sincerely yours,

THOMAS H. KUCHEL,
United States Senator.

STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN JOHN E. Moss

Nearly 2 years ago I appeared before this subcommittee to urge authorization of the San Luis unit of the Central Valley project. There was a critical need for this important water development then; it is even more critical today.

The San Luis project as proposed in H. R. 6035 will, when completed, perform a dual role. First, it will provide an urgently needed supplemental water supply for its service area which comprises one of the finest agricultural units in California. Second, it will form an important link in the overall solution of California's statewide water problem.

Before discussing these two aspects of the project, I want to commend the author of H. R. 6035, Mr. Sisk, in whose congressional district the proposed San Luis Dam and service area lie, for providing the leadership which resulted in the bill before you. Last spring he sponsored a weeklong meeting here in Washington of the director of the California State Department of Water Resources, officials of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, representatives of the local interests, and congressional staff experts in an effort to reconcile conflicting interests on San Luis and achieve a bill that would satisfy the local and State interests. My examination of the bill convinces me that he succeeded admirably. I am pleased that the Secretary of the Interior has reported on the measure. Last April, California Senators Knowland and Kuchel joined in introducing a bill in the Senate, S. 1887, which is identical with H. R. 6035.