June 2, 1961. The additional compensation allowed the contractor by the Government was in the amount of $89, 169.42. ́A summary of the contractor's claims and the disposition of each is contained in the final construction report (see bibliography).

36. Safety. (a) Government Forces. --Safety meetings were held once a month for Bureau personnel with Government employees rotating as safety chairmen. The safety inspector attended the Region 1 Safety Conference in January 1959 and the Ninth Annual Oregon Governors Safety Conference in 1960. Eighteen Bureau employees completed standard Red Cross first aid training in 1959 and six received instructions in the advanced course in 1960. One injury resulting in lost time was sustained when the resident engineer lost control of a Government-owned pickup truck in loose gravel which resulted in a minor accident.

(b) Contractor's Forces. --On October 28, 1958, a preconstruction safety conference was called in the office of the construction engineer. Present were the safety supervisor, safety representative, and safety inspector of the State Industrial Accident Commission; the president, project manager, and general superintendent of the prime contractor; the superintendent for the subcontractor; and the construction engineer, regional safety engineer, chief earthwork inspector, administrative officer, and office engineer of the Bureau of Reclamation.

In November 1958 a part-time Government safety inspector was transferred to the project. The inspector for the State Industrial Accident Commission inspected the job once or twice each month working in close cooperation with Government forces.

First aid supplies were in conformance with the State and Bureau regulations. Stretchers and blankets were supplied. Emergency telephone numbers were posted. Because telephone service was supplied from a country line and was not very reliable, a radio car was left on the job for use in case of a telephone outage. Emergency ambulance and doctor service was arranged with the Prineville Fire Department and the Pioneer Memorial Hospital.

A sign indicating that the road was closed to the public was placed on State Highway No. 27 at the south edge of Prineville. Other signs were placed and maintained as necessary. Haul roads were watered as required. Highway No. 27, a gravel road which served as the access to the area, was well graded and watered during the construction period. Traffic patterns were handled well considering the confined nature of the work area. Tunnel lighting was supplied by a portable lighting plant which was not completely satisfactory. When permanent power was brought in conditions improved. The dam area was lighted with overhead "starlights". This lighted the dam area well but made men on foot in drab clothing hard to see.

Regular safety meetings were set up and generally held as scheduled. The prime contractor sponsored a standard Red Cross first aid class, which was taught by an instructor from the State Industrial Accident Commission, in August 1959. Six of the contractor's personnel completed the course. None of the contractor's employees attended the advanced course, which was taught in late January and early February 1960.

The prime contractor exhibited good housekeeping habits during construction. The safety problems encountered with the prime contractor were generally resolved satisfactorily. They consisted largely of maintaining adequate first aid supplies, drinking water, and sanitary facilities. With the first subcontractor the problems were more serious. They consisted in part of deep water in the tunnel; lack of ventilation, no scrubbers on mucking and hauling equipment, and when scrubbers were provided, it was difficult to keep them maintained; irregularities in storing, handling, and using powder; narrow, poorly constructed and poorly lighted catwalks; and in general, poor housekeeping. This subcontractor defaulted on his contract in 1960. The surety brought in another contractor who was very cooperative and safety minded; the contract was completed with no additional injuries.

The prime contractor worked 54. 2 percent of the total time worked on this contract, suffering 16-2/3 percent of the injuries and 3.4 percent of the lost time. The first subcontractor worked 38. 6 percent of the total time with 83-1/3 percent of the injuries and

96.6 percent of the lost time, including one fatal injury incurred when a carpenter dismantling forms fell to his death at the bottom of the access shaft. No injuries were sustained by the personnel of the other subcontractors. Table 1 is an explanatory lost-time accident summary which gives the frequency and severity rates for the prime contractor and the subcontractors who constructed Prineville Dam.

37. Field Organization. (a) Government Forces.--The Crooked River project office was opened November 4, 1957, in Prineville, Oreg., to provide field engineering and inspection on the Prineville Dam and related irrigation facilities amounting to a total project cost of almost 8 million dollars. The dam was approximately 19 miles from the project office and was reached by a secondary State highway. Telephone service at the dam was provided through use of a farm line and facilities of Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. Electric service for construction activities and for the field laboratory was provided by the Central Electric Coop.

The key personnel in the project office were a construction engineer, an administrative officer, an office engineer, a resident engineer on Prineville Dam, a chief inspector, a materials engineer, and a field engineer for all project works other then Prineville Dam. The total project staff ranged from 24 to 32 employees during the period of greatest activity. An average of 10 field inspectors were assigned to the construction of Prineville Dam. These men were usually on a two-shift basis, but occasionally the contractor worked a three-shift day. Field engineering forces usually consisted of one 4-man survey crew for one shift with another crew frequently assigned for peak workloads and special requirements.

A field laboratory and office were set up at the dam in a permanent building that would be used for operation and maintenance of the dam and reservoir upon completion of the contract. Government housing for employees was not necessary because of the short commuting distance to Prineville.

(b) Contractor's Forces. --The prime contractor, Keystone Construction Co., Inc., and Associates, employed from 20 to 50 men directly and another 30 to 80 men under several subcontractors. During the period of greatest employment the total contractor's forces were 120 men. Supervision was provided by a project manager and engineer and a construction superintendent.

Headquarters of the prime contractor was in Prineville, Oreg. Shop facilities and a field office were provided at the dam, but it was not necessary to set up a construction camp because of the short duration of the job and the fact that it was within easy commuting distance of Prineville.

The principal subcontractor went bankrupt in the latter stages of the job. Their surety contracted with the Schrader Construction Co. of Portland, Oreg., to perform all second-stage structural work.

A list of the subcontractors and the work which they performed for the prime contractor follows:

(1) (Subcontractor defaulted, work completed by Schrader Construction Co.) Excavation of outlet tunnel and all concrete and appurtenant structural work--items 5 through 8, 27A, 37 and 38, 40 through 56, 58 through 64, 66, and 68 through 76.

(2) Hudspeth Pine, Prineville, Oreg. Electrical hookups and maintenance work. (3) Van's Electric Service, Prineville, Oreg. Electrical hookups for temporary lights and power.

(4) Baker & Sons, Plumbing and Heating, Prineville, Oreg. Furnishing all labor and materials to make connections for the grout and vent systems.

(5) Boyles Bros. Drilling Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Drilling grout and drainage holes and pressure grouting--items 23 through 27, and 36.

(6) Cyclone Fence, Portland, Oreg. Furnishing and erecting chain-link fence-item 67.

(7) Holman Erection Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Placing reinforcement bars.

(8) Schrader Construction Co., Portland, Oreg. All second-stage concrete and structural work.

(9) Interstate Electric Co., The Dalles, Oreg. All electrical work.

(10) Soule Steel Co., Portland, Oreg. Furnishing and placing reinforcement bars for second-stage concrete.

38. Construction Equipment. The following is a list of the principal items of the contractor's construction equipment:

*Where the type and size or capacity of a particular make and model of equipment were not stated in the original report, these have been obtained from current construction equipment catalogs. As specifications for a particular model may vary from year to year, some minor discrepancies may exist between the reported size or capacity and that of the equipment actually used.

39. Factors Affecting Construction Progress. (a) Labor. --At the start of the job the prime contractor was nonunion; however, toward the end of construction nearly all trades were unionized. The fact that this job was of short duration and required a 40-mile drive each day over rough roads from Prineville caused experienced construction labor to avoid the job. No camp was set up at the jobsite.

Minimum wage rates for mechanics, skilled labor, and tradesmen were established by Decision of the Secretary No. T-166 dated July 15, 1958, and modification No. 1 dated September 25, 1958. The contractor paid union wage scales on the job, which rates generally exceeded the above minimums, even though he was not fully organized throughout the work.

(b) Weather. --Weather conditions favored the contractor throughout the job. Very little rain fell during the 2-year construction period. Excavation for the tunnel, dam, spillway and outlet works was continued during the 1958-1959 winter. The following season earth embankment placing was discontinued on December 22, 1959, because of cold weather; but the separation plant remained in operation longer and rockwork continued most of the winter. Flow of the Crooked River was at a minimum low both in 1959 and 1960 decreasing to a few second-feet. The low spring runoff favored the contractor both years, particularly in 1960 when the zone 1 embankment was only to elevation 3144. An average spring runoff would have overtopped the embankment causing considerable damage.

B. Other Construction Contracts

40. General. Other principal construction contracts included relocation of Oregon State Highway No. 27 under specifications No. DC-5232 by Keystone Construction Co., Inc., at a cost of $216, 707.68; relocation of county roads within the reservoir area by Crook County at a cost of $62, 800.00; clearing the reservoir site under specifications No. 100C-377 by Bill Broderick and John Collins at a cost of $79,000.00; and relocation and adjustment of powerlines to accommodate construction of the reservoir, by General Electric Cooperative, Inc., at a cost of $21, 916.00. These and a number of minor construction contracts are listed in appendix A.

C. Supply Contracts

41. Major Contracts. (a) Freight Elevator. --Invitations for bids for furnishing and installing a freight elevator in the access shaft at Prineville Dam under specifications No. DC-5281 were issued on February 8, 1960. Bids were opened in Prineville, Oreg., on March 15, 1960. Two bids were received. The low bid, submitted by Kimball Bros. Co. of Council Bluffs, Iowa, was 9.1 percent above the engineer's estimate. The two bids and the engineer's estimate were as follows:

Contract No. 14-06-D-3405 was awarded to Kimball Bros. Co. on April 13, 1960. A period of 360 calendar days was allowed in the specifications for completion of the contract. Notice to proceed was received by the contractor on April 14, 1960, thereby fixing the completion date as April 9, 1961.

By letter of April 22, 1960, the contractor was advised that an error had been discovered in the alinement of the elevator shaft. Discussions and correspondence were then had with Kimball Bros. Co. as to whether to modify the elevator or perform corrective work in the shaft. It was finally determined that the alinement error was so small that no corrective work was necessary to install the elevator, and a findings of fact was issued on November 21, 1960, which extended the time for completion of the work 194 days or to October 18, 1961.

Fabrication of the elevator and appurtenant parts was begun at the contractor's plant during the summer of 1961 and the equipment was delivered to the jobsite on September 22, 1961. Erection of the elevator was started on September 25, 1961, and was completed on October 18, 1961, the final completion date. Final acceptance by the Government was made on October 26, 1961, after the installation had been tested and approved by the State of Oregon elevator inspector. See appendix A for a cost summary.

(b) High-Pressure Gates. --Invitations for bids to furnish four 4- by 6-foot high-pressure gates for the river outlet works under invitation No. DS-5149 were issued on February 3, 1959. Bids were opened on March 15, 1959, and the contract No. 14-06-D-3144 was awarded Monarch Forge and Machine Work, Inc., of Portland, Oreg., on April 7, 1959. The final contract amount was $61, 708.58.

42. Minor Contracts. Minor supply contracts were awarded as listed below: