to the Keeper or Deputy Keeper, stating the nature of the offence and the kind and amount of punishment inflisted on the delinquent.

Each, Turnkey must keep a list of his men's names; and against reach man's name, he must set the number of the cell occupied by him; and instruct them in all the rules of the Prison that it is necessary they -should be acquainted with..

No Turnkey shall suffer any person belonging to the Institution or otherwise, to sell, or borrow and carry away, any thing belonging to the Prison, without consent of the Keeper, or Deputy in his absence."

DUTY OF CONVICTS.

"The whole duty of a conviet, in this Prison, is to obey orders, laor diligently in silence, and whenever it is necessary for him to speak to a Keeper, to do it with a humble sense of his degraded situation.

Convicts must approach the officers of the Institution with deference, and bestow on them, when addressing them, all the civic titles which politeness demands in the respectable circles of life, and when speaking of or to each other, they must omit those distinctions.

They are not to laugh, dance, whistle, sing, run, jump, or do any thing that will have the least tendency to disturb er alarm the Prison. They are to labor diligently and not to leave their places without permission from a proper officer, and are, at all times, to keep their caps off, except when in the yards, or laboring in the blacksmiths-shop. They are not to converse or speak at all to any person who does not belong to the Institution.

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No convict shall make use of profane or obscene language, chew tobacco, have it in possession, or ask any person for it. They shall look off their work to gaze at spectators or impudently gaze at them when idle. The object of this regulation is, if possible, to prevent their looking at, or paying any attention to spectators as they pass through the Prison.

It is easy to perceive, that the most unceasing vigilance and untiring zeal, on the part of the officers, are requisite to enforce these regulations, and that they occasion a vast variety of particular rules and practices, to carry into effect those general objects which can only be suggested by experience.

Some rules and practices that may not hereafter appear under any ap..... propriate head.

No spiritous liquors are ever used by any officer in or about the Prison, nor allowed to be taken to the guard-Louse, or used by the guard, when on duty.

Nor is the practice now permitted for an officer, when he is first appointed, or resigns, to invite the other officers together for the purpose taf drinking or treating, as it is called.

All the Turnkeys are required to attend divine service at the Prison, except one in the north wing and one in the kitchen.

A uniform gravity and dignity of deportiment is always to be ob served by the officers, in the presence of convicts, calculated to inspire them with respect and confidence, and not to indulge, in the least degree, in levity, passion, or petulence.

And in their intercourse, at all times, the officers are to treat each other with that mutual respect and kindness that become gentlemen and friends, and to cultivate an ardent zeal to promote the best interests and advance the reputation of the Institution, in the credit of which, they must, of course, be common sharers.

They thus avoid collision, jealousies, envies, separate and part views and interests, and combine their united talents and exertions for the promotion of the public good and the advancement of their own reputation.

Almost every movement, in this Institution, is directed by system and order, and tends to seriousness and humility.

The convicts silently marching to and from their rest, meals and labor, at precise times, moving in separate corps, in single file, with a slow lock-step, erect posture, keeping exact time, with their faces inclined towards their Keepers, (that they may detect conversation,) all give to the spectator somewhat similar feelings to those excited by a military funeral; and to the convicts, impressions not entirely dissimilar to those of culprits when marching to the gallows.

The same silence, solemnity and order, in a good degree, pervade every business and department.

The Keepers prevent talking and the diversion of looking at spectators, by keeping their eyes constantly on the convicts under their charge, and are usually walking back and forth through their shops, as well for this purpose, as to keep the convicts industriously employed.

Their stillness and order åt meals and in the chapel, are truly impressive; and during the night, their lodging department of solitary and silent cells, is one of peculiar solemnity and gloom. Nor can any one visit the Sunday School, opened and closed by prayer, where half a hundred young convicts are taught, for the first time, the rudiments of learning and religion, without having his feelings deeply affected,

RECEIVING NEW CONVICTS.

The convicts, who are received, before being allowed to go to work or into the cells, have their irons taken off, are then shaved, their hair cut, their bodies cleansed with warm water and soap and thoroughly purified from the filth and vermin which they too often bring with them from county jails.-They are then decently clad in the clean striped dress of the Prison, and a descriptive list taken and entered by the Clerk in a book for that purpose.-They are then carefully instructed, by the Keeper or Deputy, in the few plain and simple rules by which it is necessary their conduct should be governed, and then put to work at such trades as they may have; and if none, the Keeper selects such as they appear best adapted to, from their apparent constitutions and ac:

tivity. Convicts arriving in the night, are always placed in a particu lar large dark room till morning.*

OPENING THE PRISON IN THE MORNING AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE DAY

Hours of labor vary according to the season. In long days, they commence at a quarter past five o'clock in the morning and close at six at night; and in short days, the hours are so fixed as to embrace all the day-light.

Fifteen minutes before opening the Prison, a sharp sounding bell is rung by the guard at the front gate, for the officers and guard to assemble, and soon after, a small bell in the north wing, where the couvicts lodge, by an officer on night duty, for the convicts to rise, dress, and prepare to come out. At the end of fifteen minutes, the bell at the front gate again rings, when the Turnkeys take their keys from the key room and proceed to their respective galleries and unlock the convicts, who march out, with their night tubs, water cans, and mush kids, which last, they leave in the wash room which they pass through, and then proceed through the yard, empty their tubs in the vault, rinse them at the pump, partly fill them with water to prevent their falling to pieces and from becoming offensive, and place them in rows by the sides of the shops, which they then enter and commence labour; but before breakfast, wash their faces and hands in vessels prepared, in their shops, for that purpose.

BREAKFAST.

At from seven to eight in the morning, according to the season, a large bell, hung in the centre of the interior yard, is rung, as a signal for breakfast, when the convicts form again in a line in the shops, and are marched by their respective Turnkeys through the yard, and enter the large dining hall or mess room, at two different doors, face around and stand by their plates till all have got their places, when the Steward Turnkey rings a small bell and they instantly sit down to their meals, which have been equally divided by the cooks.-But as some eat more and some less, convict waiters, provided with large vessels, pass along constantly between the tables, taking food from those who raise their right hand, in token that they have it to spare, and giving to those who raise their left hand, to signify they want more; thus avaraging their food to their various appetites, without allowing them to exchange food with each other, which would make confusion. The tables are narrow, and the convicts sitting on one side only, are placed face to back and never face to face, so as to avoid exchanging looks or signs. When the Steward perceives the convicts have done eating, or have had ample time for it, he rings the bell, when all rise instantly and march to their shops to labor; those going out first who came in last, All this occupies from 20 to 30 minutes.

*It is proper here to state, and expose to public reprobation, the practice of some Sheriffs and Deputies, of allowing ardent spirits to convicts on their way to prison, and frequently to such a degree, that they come in grossly intoxicated.

OF THE SICK.

Sick convicts report themselves, as such, to their Turnkey, who, puts their names on a paper and sends it to the Keeper's Hall: when, at 9 o'clock, in the morning, the Physician comes, he sends to the shops for the sick, and they all are taken, at once, by a Turnkey to the Hospital, where they are examined, and such as require it, are retained, and others sent back to their shops with written directions to Turn-. keys, for full or light labor as their cases may require.

CLOTHES TIME.

From 10 o'clock, A. M. till half past 10 is called "clothes timeWhen convicts clothes or shoes need changing, they are required to report themselves to the Turnkey, who sends them up to the clothes room, at clothes time, where the Deputy Keeper attends and gives them clean and whole clothes as they need, except shirts, which they change on Sunday mornings at their cells, after their being distributed under the direction of the Turnkeys on Sunday duty. Blacksmiths come to the clothes room and exchange clothes, every Saturday night, just before. the Prison closes.

DINNER.

The convicts always dine at 12 o'clock, and the proceedings are precisely as at breakfast.

CLOSING THE PRISON AT NIGHT AND NIGHT DUTY.

Just before quitting labor, the fires are secured, the convicts wash. their faces and hands, and then, at the ringing of the yard bell, the con-. victs form in a line,in their proper places, according to the numbers of their cells, march out of their shops to their rows of tubs, and, at command, take them up, step forward, empty the water in the drain, hang the bail on their left arms and proceed in reversed order, from coming out in the morning, those going in first who came out last, to the wash room adjoining the kitchen, where their mush and molasses in a kid, and water to drink in a can, have been placed together in rows by the cooks, and, without breaking their step, the convicts stoop and take t their supper and drink and march to their respective galleries, enter their own cells as they arrive at their numbers and pull their doors partly to. Each gallery is occupied by one company, which is marched and locked up by one Turnkey, with two keys, differing from each other and all the rest.

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The keys, having been taken from the key room by the kitchen steward and placed in the wash room window, are taken by the TurnKeys as they pass through with their companies; and when they arrive

their galleries, commence locking their cells at No. 1, and as they enter the keys, the convicts suddenly quite shut the doors, which proves that the convicts are in their cells, without the delay of examintong. When the Turnkey has gone through his gallery, he returns directly back to No. 1, trying all the locks, to guard against mistakes.

The Turnkeys then all repair to the Keeper's Hall, and, if the con

viets are all in the cells or hospital, return the keys to the key room. But if not, which they ascertain by the hospital report and the list of convicts of each gallery, kept by the Turnkeys, with the No. of the cells annexed to each, their keys are retained till the convict is found; but this has rarely happened.

When the keys are secured in the key room, the bell is rung at the front gate, to signify that all is right, when the Deputy Keeper, Tarnkeys and guard may all leave the Prison, except two Turnkeys and one guard, who remain one hour and a quarter, the former watching the solitary wing, and the latter tending the front gate and inner doors. It occupies about 20 minutes from the time of stopping labor until the "all right" bell is rung.

Two other Turnkeys and two other guard then arrive to perform duty through the night..

One of the guard goes immediately into the yards and shops, and spends one hour examining, carefully, to find if any fire is left, and as often as once an hour, goes into the interior yard, for that purpose, through the night.

The night station for the guard is in the Keeper's Hall, adjacent to and within common speaking distance from the grate of the door leading into the lodging department or north wing. They take turns in leeping and watching.

The two Turnkeys, in the north wing, do the same; so that one Turnkey and one guard are always awake; to be assured of which, they are required to report to each other every thirty minutes, on pain of removal. As an additional security, the Keeper and Deputy frequently go silently in at different hours of the night.