Newsprint paper, see Newsprint, above. Paste: Adhesive, inedible, in carloads, from Minneapolis, St. Paul, Minn., to Menominee, Mich., Appleton, Wis., and 17 other Wis. destinations, 34 cents; to Tomahawk and Wisconsin Dam, Wis., 41 cents, minimum 36,000 pounds, approved.-Adhesive Paste from Twin Cities to Wis. and Mich., 289 I. C. C. 719. Peat, peat moss, see Fertilizer, above. Petroleum, petroleum products: [Vols. 9, 11-16].-Proposal to build a pipeline from El Paso poses a real threat to continued participation by both rail and motor carriers. Proposed rates are no lower than necessary. Movement, tankcar loads, El Paso and Los Angeles Basin points to Tucson and Phoenix, Ariz., intermediate and related points, at adjustment based upon uniform scale ranging from 19 cents for 150 miles to 52 cents for 760 miles, authorized.-Petroleum, Los Angeles and El Paso to Ariz. and N. Mex., 287 I. C. C. 731 (732, 737)*.

Reduced rate, water-rail, petroleum, petroleum products, from Baltimore, Md., to Jacksonville, Fla., and certain intermediate points in Fla. and Ga., 89 cents, minimum 50,000 pounds, to alternate with the present water-rail rates of 98.9 cents, minimum 26,000 pounds, proved.-Petroleum from Baltimore to Fla. and Ga., 291 I. C. C. 367.

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Tank cars are usually returned empty; competition with pipelines, motor carriers, barge lines, considered, involving movement from and to points in Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash., Wyo.-Petroleum in North Pacific Coast Territory, 291 I. C. C. 101; great bulk is moved by motor carriers; if rail downward trend continued, railroad would be eliminated in movements to Wash., Ida., Oreg. Reduced rates approved.-Id., 292 I. C. C. 317 (332)*.

Rate, petroleum crude oil, tank-car loads, Thermopolis, Wyo., to Maddens, Ida., unreasonable for future to extent it exceeds 39 cents, subject to capacity of tank cars used as minimum, plus Ex Parte No. 175 surcharges; undue prej

udice not made out.-Gem State Refining Co. v. C., B. & Q., 292 I. C. C. 787.

Costs of tank-truck carriers for hauls below 75 miles are lower than those of rail carriers; for longer hauls, reverse is true. Rates, gasoline and light oils, tankcar loads, Wyo. and Colo. to Wyo., Colo., western portions of S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., under 75 miles should be no lower than rates of tank-truck carriers; for longer hauls, no lower than 1.5 cents under prevailing tank-truck rates from and to same points.-Petroleum, Colo. and Wyo. to W. T. L. Territory, 289 I. C. C. 457 (466) *.

Evidence is sufficient to support finding concerning costs, and, it is not necessary for the commission to make a relative cost-of-service finding in order to prescribe a differential between rail rates and truck rates.-Ward Transport, Inc. v. United States, 125 F. Supp. 363 (368)*.

Estimated weight for refined oils, including distillates, of 6.6 pounds per gallon is slightly in excess of weighted average; rate level on which this estimated weight would apply is higher than rates approved for general application in 292 I. C. C. 317. Proposed rates would not constitute unfair or destructive competition; are just and reasonable.-Distillate Fuel Oil from Utah, 296 I. C. C. 37 (44).

Rate level, petroleum products, Lookout Mountain, Ga., to Harriman and Sunbright, Tenn., has now been cut to a point where, at least by rail, proposed rates may not be above out-of-pocket costs. Rates on such a relatively high-grade commodity should not be permitted to gravitate to such a low level.-Petroleum Products from Chattanooga to Tenn., 297 I. C. C. 403 (406)*.

Liquefied petroleum gas moves in tank cars owned or leased by shippers, thereby relieving carriers of capital expenditures for such equipment. Increase of 6 percent authorized. - Increased Freight Rates, 1956, 298 I. C. C. 279 (338, 345).

Phosphate rock: [Vols. 14, 16].—Rates, Prairie, Fla., to Bethany, Malta, Paris, Rossville, Wapella, Ill., ground phosphate rock, unreasonable to extent that they exceeded 75 percent of rates on fertilizer

materials on basis approved in 232 I. C. C. 301, as subsequently increased.-Thomson Phosphate Co. v. A. C. L., 291 I. C. C. 1*; extended to include distances from Bartow, Fla., and increased as subsequently authorized for application on phosphate rock (not as increased on fertilizer materials).—Id., 293 I. C. C. 369 (370)*.

On crude phosphate rock, all-rail routes, from origins in pebble-rock district of Fla., reduced rate to Wilmington, N. C., to Norfolk and points adjacent thereto, approved, to meet rail-water competition. Fears that rate differences will be destructive of inherent advantages of water transportation are not justified.-Crude Phosphate from Fla. to Va. and N. C., 291 I. C. C. 689 (694).

Considering character of imported crude, unground phosphate rock, and services rendered by rail defendants, Mobile and New Orleans to Quincy, Ill., 75 percent of fertilizer scale would not have been reasonable as maximum; rates charged not unreasonable.-Moorman Mfg. Co. v. C., B. & Q., 294 I. C. C. 335 (338).

Rate on ground phosphate rock, Mulberry, Fla., to Baton Rouge, La., is on approximately same level as that prescribed or approved in other proceedings from Fla. origins to points in southern territory; not unjust or unreasonable.— La. Agricultural Supply Co., Inc. v. A. G. S, 294 I. C. C. 339 (334).

There is no justification for removing the 15 percent increase, maximum 60 cents per ton or tempering the same as suggested.-Increased Freight Rates,

1951, 297 I. C. C. 17 (42)*.

Phosphate rock may reasonably be accorded same relative holddowns as in Ex Parte No. 175. The 30 cents per ton maximum was intended to apply to a ton of 2,000 pounds.-Increased Freight Rates, 1956, 298 I. C. C. 279 (333).

Phosphate sand and clay: [Vol. 15].— Rates from Fla. to official and w. t. 1. territories and eastern Canada were unreasonable to extent that they exceeded concurrent combinations of rates to bor

der points based on phosphatic clay scale, and commodity rates or rates based on exceptions ratings beyond applying specifically on phosphatic clay or, in absence thereof, on clay as found applicable in prior report.-Kellogg Co. v. A. & S., 294 I. C. C. 751 (757-8)*.

Pig iron: [Vol. 9].-Rate, Troy, N. Y., to South Bend, Ind., will be unreasonable to extent it exceeds 21 percent of firstclass exceptions rate maintained from and to same points.-Sibley Mch & Fdry. Co. v. N. Y. Central, 288 I. C. C. 499 (504); rates higher than 21 percent of first-class exceptions are unreasonable, official territory; N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Va., Ind., to Ind., Mich., Pa., W. Va.-Terre Haute Malleable & Mfg. Corp. v. B. & O., 296 I. C. C. 761 (764).

Rates, pig iron, Minnequa, Colo., to Galva and Peoria, Ill., were unreasonable to the extent that they exceeded rates of $13 to Galva, $13.25 to Peoria.-Galva Foundry Co. v. A., T. & S. F., 289 I. C. C. 241; $13.25 to Peoria, $12.75 to St. Louis.-Keystone Steel & Wire Co. v. C., B. & Q., 292 I. C. C. 665 (668, 669)*.

Rates, silvery pig iron, Jackson, Ohio, Keokuk, Ia., to Saginaw, Mich., 528 and 643 cents, minimum weight 100,000 pounds, not subject to 15-percent general increase under Ex Parte No. 175, are not unreasonable, are compensatory; not unfair to water carriers.-Great Lakes Ship Owners Assn. v. Ann Arbor R. Co., 296 I. C. C. 537.

455 cents, all-rail commodity rate, pig iron, Buffalo, N. Y. and adjacent points, to Detroit, Mich., would be reasonable.Pig Iron from New York Points to Detroit, 296 I. C. C. 747 (752).

Distinction between silvery pig iron and other pig iron depends upon the silicon content. Rate of 528 cents, minimum 100,000 pounds, Buffalo, N. Y., and points in Buffalo rate group, to Saginaw, Mich., would be reasonably compensatory over routes not unduly circuitous. § 4 relief granted.-Pig Iron from Buffalo Group, N. Y., to Saginaw, Mich., 296 I. C. C. 547 (551).