acquiescing in the apostle's judgment, rather than in thine. That the Society's peculiar mode of bearing testimony against tithes, &c., has made little progress, is not to be wondered at; other denominations do not generally understand what a testimony is, beyond its being a mere theory-when the bearing of it involves inconveniency, imprisonment, or pecuniary loss, they succumb, and leave their testimony to take care of itself.

That the payer of an impost has nothing to do, in his character of a payer, with the question of the rightfulness of the laws, or of the objects sought to be attained by these laws, I consider a most untenable position, fitter for the meridian of Russia than for English ears.

The question whether it can be said that the refusal to pay any kind of legal impost is a Christian duty, so as to justify the making of it a condition of church fellowship, is what thou art more desirous of pressing upon the consideration of Friends, than even thy own opinion on the matter, as above given; and thy reason for so pressing the question, appears to be a consideration for such as have no conscientious scruple against paying such legal imposts; because some of these refuse payment,, that they may not offend their fellow-members, thou would no longer have such refusal made a condition of church membership. Now there is an injunction in Scripture, that the "strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak;" but the course thou proposes would be something different-it would be equivalent to making all weak alike. Instead of first ascertaining our Christian duty in any emergency, thou would have every one left at liberty to comply or not, as he chose, with what the laws of civil society required. Where would Christianity have been, and where the Society of Friends, for restoring it to original purity, had such a course been pursued? I have only room to add, that the alienation towards Friends, which those feel who do not understand, or are unfaithful to their profession, is what the Society cannot possibly help; the standard of Truth cannot be altered to suit human blindness and infirmity; and if such as are here alluded to are not of Friends, how is it to be expected that they should continue with them? Do they not go out, that it may be manifest they are not of us?—I remain, thine sincerely, MENTOR.

to those who are attending or have recently attended other schools in the town, always giving the preference to young men who are awakening to the fact of the advantages they are deprived of from deficient education, to which class their efforts have been from the first more especially directed.

In our last report reference was made to the Roman Catholic school that was started in consequence of ours, which is still kept up; but the one commenced by the Established Church was discontinued early in the year. The committee feel indebted to those Friends who have so kindly aided in this undertaking, and hope to receive their continued liberal support, to enable them to extend the usefulness of the schools. -Signed on behalf of the committee, FRANCIS SMITH.

THE LATE JOHN BARLOW, OF EDINBUrgh.

WE quote the following from the North British Agri-
It did not reach
culturist of January 30th, 1856.
us in time to be incorporated with the obituary notice
in our last publication.

It is our painful duty to announce the death of John Barlow, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Veterinary College, Edinburgh. This event took place on the morning of the 29th instant, at No. 1, Pilrig Street. About a month ago, he was seized with what seemed a rheumatic attack, which gradually assumed the symptoms of a severe spinal affection. After some weeks of intense suffering, his system yielded to the pressure of excruciating pain, and the virulence of the nervous attack, which the ablest medical skill failed in subduing.

John Barlow was born, on the 20th September, 1815, at the Oak Farm, Chawley, Cheshire, which had been in the possession of the family for about 200 years. The subject of this notice early evinced a strong love for animals, and the cows of his father's dairy became more particularly the objects of his special study. This youthful predilection doubtless influenced his choice of a profession, and tended to induce him to devote much of his time to the obtaining of a knowledge of the diseases which affect the domesticated animals. In 1842, Mr. Barlow joined the Edinburgh Veterinary College as a student-no doubt attracted by the reputation of that veterinary school, and its After attendSECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF FRIENDS' FIRST distinguished founder, Professor Dick.

DAY SCHOOL, NANTWICH, 1855.

IN again presenting a report to their friends, the committee may state that they feel encouraged in the belief that the school has obtained a permanent footing, from the regularity of attendance, as well as the perseverance manifested; the average for the whole year having been fully equal to the previous one.

The present number of scholars on the register is forty-three, with an average attendance of twenty-five, and that of teachers, four; average age of scholars, twenty. Some of those at present in attendance are of a more advanced class than we had at the opening. We have pleasure in reporting favourably of the library, which has been in active circulation (a donation of ten volumes of Chambers's Miscellany has proved a valuable addition to the catalogue). The number lent out during the year has been 271, out of a list of 60 volumes.

The evening school, held once a-week, continues to be much appreciated by many who have no other opportunity of learning writing, arithmetic, and geography. The average attendance has been-of scholars twenty-four, and teachers three.

The committee are particular in refusing admittance

ing two sessions at the college, he obtained his diploma, having been the most distinguished student of the course. The following session he acted as demonstrator, and in 1845 was appointed assistant professor and Lecturer on Zootomy-including the anatomy and physiology of the domesticated animals.

Since then his career has been successful and distinguished. He early saw that the veterinary art had not acquired in this country that honourable position to which it is entitled. He felt, and justly felt, that little had been done to enlighten and educate the public mind as to the relation in which the teaching of veterinary science stood to the alleviation of the sufferings of the domesticated animals-sufferings more or less the result of man's ignorance and man's cupidity. He knew that in France, and in several of the German states, a more correct appreciation of the veterinary art had long existed, and that, consequently, institutions for the dissemination of veterinary knowledge were liberally supported by the respective governments, while in this country, although possessing the most highly improved breeds of all the domesticated animals, no national provision had hitherto been made for the teaching of the veterinary art. This, however, only stimulated the zeal

He

with which he scrght to advance to its due position
an art which is alike intimately associated with the
interests and feelings of civilized humanity.
knew that the dissemination of knowledge in refer-
ence to the structural formation and physiology of
the domesticated animals was a noble calling, and
he humbly endeavoured to advance that knowledge.
Too enlightened, active, and untiring to rest satisfied
with the results of the past, Le zealously endeavoured
to extend his knowledge of those sciences bearing on
the veterinary art. When the daily labour of teach-
ing was finished, he began the prosecution of his own
studies. No investigation bearing cn physiology
was too irksome not to commard his careful study.
He directed to the pursuit the whole powers of a cul-
tivated, discerning, and energetic mind. Enthusiastic
in his profession, he infused the spirit of emulation
and desire for improvement into his pupils, by whom
his loss is deeply felt.

For several years Mr. Earlow has been engaged in a work upon the anatomy of the horse, and the amount of labour he undertock in carrying out investigations bearing on structural formation, made him in an eminent degree an accomplished microscopist. His career has closed before the completion of a work so much required by the professional student.

It was to his pen that our readers were indebted for most of the articles in the veterinary columns of this journal. The notices were presented in a style as popular as was consistent with a description of the diseases. The service rendered to the owners of the animals respecting which information was sought, must have been of very considerable value; while to the general reader much practical information was conveyed in a plain, concise, yet lucid manner, and must have tended to diffuse a wider appreciation of the benefits which a more general dissemination of sound principles and practices in the veterinary art is calculated to bestow upon agriculture.

John Barlow was a member of the Society of Friends. His career has ever been marked by the principles which distinguish that body of professing Christians. Modest, gentle, and unassuming in his manners, he obtained the respect of all who came in contact with him. Moral worth, and a delicate susceptibility towards the feelings of others secured, to him the warm attachment of a circle of intimate friends.

In the death of John Barlow, veterinary science has lost one of its most enlightened teachers, and one of its most zealous students.

versity, and Convener of the Veterinary Department of the Highland Society, writes:

"The detection of the precise nature of a disease or injury is in almost every case an indispensable preliminary to its successful treatment. This diagnosis is the most important, as it is the most difficult department of the healing art. It is peculiarly so in veterinary medicine, as the practitioner can derive no in mediate information from his patients. He is altogether dependent on the signs and symptoms mani. fested, but more especially on a minute and careful comparison of them with the healthy structure and actions of the animal. Unprejudiced by the feelings and suppositions of his patient, the scientific and practised veterinary surgeon is not apt to be led astray in his diagnosis; but with his eye or hand on the part affected, silently determines the nature of the case.

"A knowledge of structure and function is therefore of paramount importance in veterinary practice, and the ability of the veterinary practitioners in any country may be at once ascertained by the character of its schools of veterinary anatomy and physiology. "The attention paid to those subjects in our Edinburgh Veterinary College, has been from the first one of the chief sources of its reputation and success.

"Professor Dick, a pupil of the late Dr. Barclay, and uniting in himself anatomical knowledge and diagnostic tact, has all along laboured to instil into his pupils these combined essentials of practical ability. "The peculiar professional attainments of our friend, the late lamented Mr. Barlow, were the result of very remarkable ability, regulated and fostered during the period he had spent as a pupil and teacher in the Edinburgh Veterinary College. He entered on his professional studies with a good preliminary education, and with talents which peculiarly qualified him for his future career. When the increase of the school rendered necessary a division of labour in teaching, Mr. Barlow was selected to lecture on anatomy and physiology, and to superintend the dissecting room. He fulfilled the difficult and responsible duties which thus devolved upon him in a manner which gave entire satisfaction to every one interested in the Veterinary College and its important objects. He had acquired a minute acquaintance with the structure of the domestic animals, together with a correct knowledge of general physiology; and having all along continued to make himself familiar with the rapidly accumulating information in these departments of science, he was enabled to conduct a course of instruction which, in character and extent, was in all respects on a level with the corresponding courses in our schools of medicine. His talents and acquirements were highly appreciated in the Edinburgh School of Medicine. He co-operated with distinguished members of the school in physiological investigations, and took an active part in the discus"In reference to your inquiries about Mr. Parlow, sion of such questions in the Physiological Society allow me to state that I think it will be impossible of the University. The writer of this notice having for you to give him too high a character, for his cha- had the advantage of continued communication with racter was indeed of a very high order, both intellec- him regarding their common science, can bear ample tually and morally. He was wonderfully informed testimony to his precise and minute acquaintance on many of the most intricate modern questions in with animal structure and function, and to the anatomical science; and I seldom or never conversed assiduity with which he kept himself on a level with with him on such questions without deriving much their progress. Mr. Barlow was a fluent lecturer-a information from his conversation. It often appeared quiet, firm, kind, and attentive teacher-and was conto me that he was a man destined to advance and ele- sequently greatly respected and beloved by his vate veterinary medicine; and we must all deplore pupils. We need scarcely allude to the loss his death his loss, the more so, as he has been removed from has produced to our veterinary school. The loss to among us while scarcely yet in his prime. I believe veterinary medicine generally (a subject so important that all who knew him well respected him deeply, not in an economic point of view) is even greater. For less for his amiability and kindliness of heart, than some time past he had turned his attention to the for his great talents and high intellectual cast of mind." | preparation of a text-book of the anatomy and physiJohn Goodsir, Professor of Anatomy in the Uni-ology of the horse and other domestic animals. Had

Since the above was in type, we have been favoured with communications from professional gentlemen, whose opinions will have an European weight, and are strongly corroborative of the estimate we had formed of the deceased.

Professor Simpson writes:

he lived to carry his plan into execution, he would have produced a work of a kind greatly wanted in this country. We possess no work in the English language which can be compared to the works on the anatomy of the horse, &c., by the professors in the veterinary colleges of France, but particularly of some of the German states. Had Mr. Barlow been spared, and permitted to continue his labours, he would undoubtedly have removed this anomaly, and conferred a great boon on all interested in the health and condition of our domestic animals."

Dr. T. W. Gairdner, with whom Mr. Barlow was on the most intimate terms, thus writes us:

been no need of this congress-(cheers)—and war, in Christendom, at least, and thus, perhaps, in all the world besides, had existed only as a foul blot upon the history of the past. The pulpit has been, in part, recreant to its trust. Men, whose lips should have echoed the strains of the angels' song, making the earth vocal with the note of peace thus proclaimed--who should have been employed in extinguishing the flames of war, and trampling out the fire of their smouldering ashes-have, instead of this, too often fanued the languid spark, and exasperated the passions that have filled the earth with carnage and misery. Too often the soldier's coat, if not literally, yet in spirit, has been thrown over the preacher's gown. To me it always has appeared to be one of the most affecting and revolting spectacles on earth, to see Christianity dragged to the drum-head to consecrate the yet unstained banners, and made to seek the benedictions of the God of peace upon the symbol of slaughter. It is, however, only the work of its ministers, while Christianity stands by, blushing and weeping over the deeds which are done in her name. Doubtless, those men are conscientious in this sanction given to error; and to be conscientiously wrong is one of the most dangerous aberrations from what is right. Where, Sir-in what page of its own records-does Christianity sanction war as it is carried on in modern warfare? Is it in the angels' song at the birth of Christ-'Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good-will toward men?' Is it in the benediction promised by our divine Lord on the Is it in his command to love our enemies, and when smitten on one cheek, to turn, without resistance or revenge, the other to the offender? Is it in the apostle's injunction rather to suffer wrong than in a litigious spirit to seek redress, even before a civil tribunal? Is it, in short, in the whole genius and spirit of Christianity? Is it not strange that Christianity should have been eighteen centuries delivering its lessons in our world, and that men should be so ignorant of its nature and duties as to need to be told that it is hostile to the spirit of war? (Cheers.) It is this propensity to hostility, on the part of so many who profess it, that has alienated so many from it, and fostered the infidelity of the age. How often are we met with the taunt that Christendcm has been as deeply involved in this dreadful practice as the pagan and Mahometan nations. We deplore the fact, but we deny the inference that it is sanctioned by the New Testament."

"My first acquaintance with Mr. Barlow was formed some years since, at the Veterinary College, where I had often occasion to seek information from him on points of comparative pathology. It was impossible to be brought into such a connection with him without admiring the thoroughly scientific spirit which entered into all his labours. In his own department he was always well-informed, and even (without the least pretension or dogmatism) an original thinker, who rarely failed in forming a decided opinion, where the matter admitted of it. His opinions, however, were always stated with a moderation and care which showed that they were only advanced after the most careful consideration. The display of his knowledge was distasteful to him; and although his information was always yielded up readily to a friendly question, it was rarely put into such a shape as to appear to claim anything for himself. These qualities of his mind led him to frequent the Physiological Society, the mcet-peace-makers? ings of which he regularly attended, much more as a hearer than a speaker; and I have often been conscious that this subordination of his scientifice ambition to the desire of learning and aiding the inquiries of others was, as regards the result, a misfortune, since it led him to pass over matters of great importance -and to which he had devoted much time and trouble lightly, that in a less congenial audience his words would have fallen to the ground. The very reserve which he imposed on himself gave an additional value to everything that he said. The slightest affirmation of a truth was in him to be respected as much as the most dogmatic assertion. The habitual guard which he maintained, not over his words alone, but over his thoughts and feelings, prevented much of that self-deception to which even good men are liable; and he would as studiously have avoided the appearance of a hollow or treacherous friendship as he did the over-statement of a fact or an opinion. To say that such a man was greatly loved wherever he was thoroughly known, is to say what necessarily follows from a character so simple, so truthful, so unselfish."-North British Agriculturist.

THE CLERGY AND THE WAR.

FEW men, professing any regard to morality, pretend to find any authority for war in the New Testament; and before the present war commenced, ministers of Christ's peaceful gospel, in hundreds, declared their belief in the principles of peace. In support of this statement, a few quotations may be given from a speech delivered in Exeter Hall, by J. Angell James, of Birmingham. After some observations on the comparative influence of the press and the pulpit, he uttered the following noble truths:—

"When it is considered, therefore, that hundreds of thousands of preachers are every week, and have been through a long succession of ages, speaking to millions and millions of people, we do not hesitate to say, that had the pulpit, in every place and in every age of its existence, done its duty, there had

And

After a few more suitable observations in continuation of the same subject, Mr. James appeals directly to his ministerial brethren, thus:-"Honour be to you, my brethren, for this act; and honour to our holy religion; we are in our right place in being here, blending our efforts with those of other men. what is our business here? To record our protest against the crimes and miseries of war, and the folly and wickedness of appealing to the sword for the settlement of international disputes, instead of pacific arbitrators and negotiation: to assert the progress of a newer and better sentiment, and to give ourselves afresh, to promote, by the influence of the pulpit, the glorious work of perpetual and universal peace. (Cheers.) And I could now almost ask you to rise and thus pledge yourselves to this labour of love."*

Upon this more than 200 ministers of the gospel, of various denominations, including eminent professors of colleges, and delegates from different parts of the kingdom, rose, thus pledging themselves to the principle of universal peace. How noble the scene! How worthy of the men! Your committee cannot

• See the Herald of Peace, for August, 1851.

3d Month, 1856.

THE BRITISH FRIEND.

add anything by way of lengthened remark, to increase the effect of such a noble manifestation of Christian excellence. But they cannot fail to ask, Where are these honoured brethren now?

How different the reception Dr. Halley met with at the meeting of the Congregational Union this year! How unseemly in those reverend warriors, who could see nothing in the venerable man-nothing in the majesty of the truths so beautifully expressed-to restrain the demon of war then raging in their sanctified and otherwise peaceful breasts, and to induce them to respect the right of private judgment and the liberty of fraternal remark. But even in that assembly there were a few master-minds seen rising above all the rest, as the sun rises above every star, prepared to vindicate the principles of peace, and in dignified calmness to rebuke their junior and less enlightened brethren. All honour to Dr. Halley for his intelligence, courtesy, and manliness shown towards the truth and its opponents; but shame to those who behaved themselves so unseemly as to advocate war in an assembly of Christian ministers. How powerful, in some minds, is the love of worldly applause! What will not many sacrifice in its attainment! How different this scene from Exeter Hall! Where can we find the cause? Peace was then popular; war now is; and it may be that the solution of the problem is to be found in these facts. But the principles of the New Testament change not with the uncertainties of diplomatic negotiation. They are like their Author-they change not. Have not the teachers of Christianity apprehended the immutability of moral law? Can they firmly grasp the idea of the Christian atonement without first realizing the idea of the righteous and unalterable claims “Heaven and earth may pass of moral government. away"-all material things may change-"but one jot, or one tittle, shall in no wise pass from the law till all be fulfilled." But it may be that some of these belligerent ministers of the gospel of peace were not at the Exeter Hall meeting of 1851, and are not bound by any pledges there given. Just a word to them, and to those who may be in sympathy with them. We find this all-teaching fact in God's Book: "But the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars; thou shalt not build an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth, in my sight." This passage is self-evident. It shines in its own light. This eminent servant of the Lord was not permitted even to build a house for his worship, because he had shed blood. Is it, then, acceptable to Jehovah for these gentlemen to minister in the service of the God of peace, who give their approval to one of the most horrid wars that ever cursed mankind?

How painful for Christians to contemplate the loss of one sinner who has had his full time of trial in this world, but how much more so to think of thousands hurried to the bar of God. How will the advocates of war answer their Lord "when he maketh inquisition for blood?" We write these sentences with deep sorrow of heart, and in earnest prayer for the men we love, but whose sentiments on the war question we deplore.-Report of Margate Auxiliary Peace Society.

Correspondence.

IMPORTANT SUGGESTION.

To the EDITORS of THE BRITISH FRIEND. ESTEEMED FRIENDS,-On reading Lindley Murray's volume, The Power of Religion on the Mind, I have

often regretted that a second series of this interesting
and instructive work has not been brought out. The
biographies and autobiographies of many eminent
men of the present century, as statesmen, philanthro-
pists, and literary celebrities, would furnish ample
materials for the compilation of such a work. The
names of Metcalf, Arnold, Scott, and others, may be
cited in illustration, and I would suggest, through the
medium of your publication, whether some Friend,
with the requisite ability and leisure, would not find
it a pleasing and profitable employment, to compile
such a work as a continuation of the previous labours
of Lindley Murray, for the purpose, as he expresses
it, "of exciting serious reflections on the unsatisfying
and transitory nature of temporal enjoyments, and to
promote a lively concern for the attainment of that
felicity which will be complete and permanent."-
2d Month, 1856.
Your sincere friend,

THE EDUCATION QUESTION.

X.

To the EDITORS of THE BRITISH FRIEND. DEAR FRIENDS, The letter of T. D., on the "Education Question," in your last number, and also in that of 11th Month last year, has attracted my attention, and I feel disposed thus to notice them, although I have not seen the lithographed circular to which reference is made, signed by Friends whom I respect. I feel a decided religious testimony against what are termed "state churches," and against all interference by the civil power in matters purely religious; and I know there are things wherein "Friends," differ from other religious professors, in which I desire we may be faithfully preserved by consistency of practice. But I have never yet seen any inconsistency in members of our religious Society being "promoters of British schools," where government aid and inWhen I am so conspection are attendants, although T. D. "thinks there must be something wrong here." vinced, I will leave the wrong, but for the present may say that for about twenty-five years I have been connected with British schools, and that experience, in different localities, has convinced me of the urgent necessity of such a measure, wherein, as regards operation, I have not yet perceived any compromise principle.

The British school of this town would probably have been closed but for this useful provision-so also at Warrington, Bolton, the Staffordshire Potteries, and elsewhere; yet, adopting this means, I can state on behalf of the Stockport British school, it will now bear comparison with most in usefulness and Our building being considered effective working. suitable, we have to raise by voluntary subscription annually £30, and this puts us in possession of legislative aid, the conditions of which are so simple and free, that I think no conscientious Friend can well object to. My only regret often is, that this measure does not apply more largely, under proper regulations, to industrial and reformatory schools, so greatly needed in the manufacturing districts of this country.

I have no doubt our esteemed friends who established the "Voluntary School Association" had their good reasons for doing so; but I am not surprised to see their efforts abortive, however highly I may appreciate such efforts, and the principle from which they proceed; inasmuch as, in the existing state of things, I believe them not practical for sustaining the Religiously to existing necessities of education.

educate is not, I think, rightly in the province of the civil power; but seeing the neglected condition of so many in this kingdom, and that much public money is expended in penal establishments, I think some of it would be rightly and more appropriately used in

If Friends, when solicited to subscribe to the funds of the British and Foreign School Society, were to protest against that body receiving any of the questionable funds of the Committee of Council on Education-King of Poland, as proofs that they deserve a better which is a new element in the constitution, and now about to have a vice-president appointed, with a seat in the House of Commons--the attention of the public would be directed to the right administration of our educational charities. The case of Trinity College, Dublin, will illustrate the way in which much of the