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REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION
FOR
U.S. Bureau of education.
THE YEAR 1897-98.
VOLUME 1.
CONTAINING PART I.
OHIO STATE
UNIVERSITY
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1899.
I. First part of the middle ages (700-1200). Ecclesiastical influence; convent and cathe-
dral schools
Charlemagne
Noted schools of that period..
Methods of instruction..
Nobility and people.
II. Second part of the middle ages (1200-1500). Universities and particular schools
Latin city schools....
Schools for reading and writing.
III. From 1500 to 1800..
(a) The sixteenth century. Humanism and its effect
The Reformation....
Protestant universities...
The new classical high schools.
The schools of the Jesuits
Protestant public elementary schools..
Private schools..
Catholic public schools...
(b) The seventeenth century. National and new education..
Modern French education-academies for the nobles...
Instruction in German; Duke Ernest (the pious) of Gotha..
Private schools.......
(c) The eighteenth century. Evolution of the modern university.
Gymnasia (classical schools) to the middle of the eighteenth century.
The new humanisni
The German school system; potent influences
Francke and Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia
Friedrich II and his code of school regulations
Private schools......
Modern high schools
LXXVIII
LXXX
LXXXIV
XCIX
CXIX
3
557
8
10
11
20
23
26
29
30
31
34
35
37
38
39
41
42
44
45
46
47
50
52
58
59
III
CHAPTER II.-SUMMER SCHOOLS IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, FRANCE, AND SWITZERLAND.-By
Herbert B. Adams, Ph. D.
I. The National Home Reading Union and a summer meeting at Chester. Chautauqua in
England; the summer assembly; summer excursions; summer lectures...
II. A summer meeting in Cambridge. Historic associations; colleges founded by women;
summer student life; conferences on university extension; excursion to Ely; garden
parties; lectures; expenses....
III. The Edinburgh summer school.
Town and gown; Scotch history read backward; life
in a Scotch college; club life in colleges; Robert Louis Stevenson; the summer school;
municipal hygiene; new geography; geographical excursions; musical recitals; Edin-
burgh summer meeting, 1897
IV. An Oxford summer meeting.
Historic associations; the town; the university; summer
lectures; conferences; Worcester College; case of Joseph Owen; the conversaziones;
recreations; gardens and boats; a critical review..
V. Vacation courses in Paris...
VI. Summer schools in Switzerland. University of Geneva..
CHAPTER III.-EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
Topical outline.....
Brief conspectus of the English system..
Educational statistics.....
Recent measures pertaining to the administration of the system..
Signs of progress..
The narrow course of elementary schools an obstacle to union of grades.
Secondary education.....
Universities and university colleges....
Report of the departmental committee on the pupil-teacher system..
83
90
105
116
125
129
133
134
135
130
138
147
149
156
160
165
Teaching of cookery in English schools....
CHAPTER IV.-EDUCATION IN CANADA.
Topical outline
169
CHAPTER V.-SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND TASMANIA.
Current statistics of public schools in the Australasian colonies...
189
Central and local authorities; sources of school income; compulsory laws.
Report on the working of "the school-attendance act of 1894," by J. Stormont Hall, esq., truant
inspector
208
Industrial schools in New Zealand, by Mark Cohen, editor of Evening Star, Dunedin, New Zealand
Statistics of technological, agricultural, forestry, mining, and veterinary schools
222
CHAPTER VII.-MEANS FOR SPREADING HYGIENIC KNOWLEDGE AMONG THE PEOPLE.-By Leo
Burgerstein, of Vienna,
Prefatory note..
I. Means of hygienic instruction concerning children and instruction of children themselves:
(1) By distribution of printed matter; (2) courses in normal schools and common schools;
(3) secondary schools
II. Means for the general spread of hygiene: (1) University extension; (2) associations, popu-
lar lectures, reading rooms, books; (3) the influence of the clergy; (4) itinerant teachers;
(5) portable exhibits.
257
258
263
III. Means for speading hygienic knowledge among the professions: (1) Special schools; (2)
lectures to nurses; (3) technical schools; (4) administrative officers, physicians.....
CHAPTER VIII.-REPORT ON EUROPEAN TEXTILE SCHOOLS.-By C. P. Brooks, director of the
Textile School, Lowell, Mass
265
269
CHAPTER IX.-THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TECHNICAL EDUCATION.
Meeting in London in 1897....
295
Paper on the relations existing between the teaching of pure chemistry and applied chemistry,
by Otto N. Witt, Ph. D., of the Royal Polytechnic School of Berlin
Remarks on the teaching of chemistry, by George Lunge, Ph. D., professor of technological
chemistry in the Federal Polytechnic School, Zurich
298
302
Theory and practice in trade teaching, by Sir Philip Magnus, of the City and Guilds of Lon-
don Technical Institute...
304
Some limitations to technical instruction, by Sir Joshua Fitch, LL. D..
Reforms in the organization of technical education, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson, F. R. S.....
Evening schools, by Swire Smith, member of the late Royal Commission on Technical Instruc-
tion..
The true basis of technical education, by W. Slingo, principal of Telegraphists' School of Science.
Commercial education in England and America, by Bernard do Bear, principal Pitman's Metro-
politan School
Systematic commercial education, by T. A. Organ, B. A., L. C. C......
309
313
317
324
329
334
CHAPTER X.-EDUCATION IN INDIA.-By W. E. De Riemer, A. M..
339
CHAPTER XI.-ORGANIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF STATE SYSTEMS OF COMMON SCHOOL
EDUCATION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC STATES FROM 1830 TO 1865.-By Rev. A. D. Mayo, LL. D.
Topical outline.
CHAPTER XII.-PHYSICAL TRAINING.--By Edward Mussey Hartwell, Ph. D., M. D.