it and the point. Priest Rock is marked by a large whitewash mark at its base. On the west side of Kalekta Bay 112 miles in from Cape Kalekta is a narrow pinnacle rock 45 feet (13.7 m) high, 100 yards offshore.

On the west side of Kalekta Bay, 3 miles in from Cape Kalekta, a gap cuts through to Constantine Bay in a west-southwesterly direction. This gap is filled by a lagoon not connected with either bay. A reef extends 400 yards offshore just south of this gap. Anchorage may be found in the south end of the bay 1/2 mile from shore in 12 to 20 fathoms (22 to 37 m) sandy bottom. Small craft may find anchorage in the center of the small bight 1/2 mile in diameter on the east side of the bay, 1 mile in from Erskine Point, 5 fathoms (9.1 m) rocky bottom. The holding ground is poor and this bight is not recommended for anchorage except in emergency.

Lofty Mountain, dominating the land eastward of Kalekta Bay is described on page 330.

UNALASKA BAY (chart 9007) opens into the Bering Sea between Cape Kalekta and Cape Cheerful on the north side of Unalaska Island. Commercially it is one of the most important bays in western Alaska. Its shores are generally mountainous, with precipitous sea faces. Amaknak Island lies near the southern end of the bay. Westward of the island the water is deep, but there is no good harbor in this part of the bay; eastward of the island are the important harbors and anchorages of Iliuliuk Bay, Dutch Harbor, and Iliuliuk (Unalaska) Harbor. The channel to Iliuliuk Bay and Dutch Harbor is free from dangers, except along the shores. Iliuliuk Harbor is obstructed at its entrance by ledges, but with the aid of the buoys is not difficult to enter with a vessel under 250 feet in length.

Ice. The bay is open to navigation at all seasons. It is reported that on two occasions the drift ice of Bering Sea entered Unalaska Bay, but such an occurrence is so rare that it need not be considered. Ice often forms in the sheltered coves and harbors in cold, calm weather, but it never attains any thickness or interferes with navigation.

CAPE KALEKTA is the headland at the eastern side of the entrance to Unalaska Bay. The headland has two summits 785 and 904 feet (239 and 276 m) high, and a ridge which sags to an elevation of about 700 feet connects the headland with the mountains to the southward. The rounded extremity of the cape is the base of slope from the lesser summit. When viewed sidewise, this slope which forms the end of the headland is rounded in outline, rising precipitously at the water's edge and then bending gradually to meet the lesser summit.

The 904-foot (276 m) summit is very close to the western side of the cape. It is predominant, being the highest point on the headland. Viewing the cape from either side this summit has somewhat the shape of a crown. When off the extremity of the cape it appears as a sharp peak and the outline of a spur along the western descent becomes visible. This spur is composed of massive protuberances, the most prominent of which takes the shape of a vertical shaft of rock rising above the level of the top of Priest Rock.

PRIEST ROCK, close-to off the northwest side of Cape Kalekta, is a pinnacle about 204 feet (62 m) high. It is one of the most important landmarks in making Unalaska. It is marked by an unwatched flashing white light, approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) high, on a skeleton tower at the base of the rock on its northern side. A 24-foot square on the base of the rock has been whitewashed to aid in its identification. Priest Rock should not be confused with the pinnacle rock off Erskine Point, see page 334. There are two low rocky islets of appreciable area lined up northward with Priest Rock.

Cape Kalekta is rugged and precipitous at its extremity and particularly so on its western side. The headland rises almost vertically at the water line with a few detached rocks including Priest Rock, but no beaches. The area about the extremity is foul and marked by kelp, and a dangerous ledge, usually marked by breakers and bare 1 foot (0.3 m) at mean lower low water lies nearly 3%-mile northward from the cape. The ledge is roughly in line with the pinnacle of Priest Rock and the western parts of the low islets northward of Priest Rock. Broken bottom extends about 200 yards farther out. The northern end of the cape should be given a berth of at least 114 miles to avoid being carried toward the dangers by strong currents. There are pronounced tide rips.

The cascade southward of Cape Cheerful (p. 345) is visible off Cape Kalekta.

The point on the eastern shore of Unalaska Bay, about 13% miles southward of Priest Rock, presents a smooth rounded profile and is grass covered. The shore on either side of the point has little or no irregularity. The land about the point rises somewhat abruptly at the shore to an elevation of about 150 feet (46 m) then_rounds to assume a more or less flat area. This area has a gentle slope toward the steeper slopes leading up to a series of jagged peaks 12-mile inland from the point. The peaks have no particular distinctiveness. The 10-fathom (18.2 m) depth curve is almost 1/2 mile off the point and broken bottom with a 12-fathom (2.7 m) spot lies inside of the curve.

Princess Head, on the east side of Unalaska Bay, about 1 miles from Priest Rock, is a wall-like rock formation extending out for a

EAST SHORE UNALASKA BAY

337 distance of 200 yards from the shore cliff of that locality. The outer 200-foot length forms the highest part or head of the feature. The head has a fairly level top about 200 feet (61 m) high. The side facing the southwest presents the surface of a rough square, distinguished from the remainder of the rock formation by its lighter shade. Small knobs on the top of the head mark the upper corners of the square. The head is an important and distinctive landmark especially when in close to the east shore of Unalaska Bay in thick weather or when fog closes out the peaks. Two low detached rocks lie off the end of Princess Head.

The rounded shore in the vicinity of Princess Head is the base of a mountain rising to a peak 1,729 feet (527 m) high. The southern slope of this mountain descends gradually to the lagoon in a low gap which bisects the Cape Kalekta Peninsula. The point on the rounded shore is a spur from the base of the mountain. The spur parallels Princess Head and is 1/4 mile southwestward of it. There is a smaller projection from the shore close northward of the point. A group of bare rocks lies off the point; about 100 yards off the outer one of this group is a rock that bares 2 feet (0.6 m) at m. 1. 1. w.

Constantine Bay, on the east side of Unalaska Bay, has shoal and irregular depths less than 10 fathoms (18.2 m) and its use as an anchorage, except by small craft under favorable conditions, is not recommended. The shore at the head of the bay is sandy. The southwest shore is fringed with rocky ledges. On the east side of the bay is a gap in the land extending eastnortheasterly to Kalekta Bay. This gap is filled with a lagoon which is not connected with either bay.

The headland west of Constantine Bay is rugged and precipitous and the area near and around its extremity is foul with rocks and kelp. The bluffs along the 111⁄2 mile stretch of shore southward of the extremity, facing Unalaska Bay, are especially high. They are very rugged and have gray, rocky knobs and deep vertical scars giving the appearance of vertical stratification. Split Top Mountain marks the south end of this formation; the bluffs reach a maximum elevation of over 1,600 feet (488 m) near the peak of this mountain. Summer Bay, a wide opening in the eastern shore of Unalaska Bay, opposite Ulakta Head, is composed of several coves, the heads of which are low and sandy. Morris Cove, on the east side just northward of a prominent headland has depths less than 4 fathoms (7.3 m), and the bottom is somewhat irregular. In the small cove between the southern cove and the headland, the depths decrease uniformly from 4 fathoms (7.3 m) in mid-entrance to the sand shore at the head. The depths in the southern cove are shallow and irregular.

A pinnacle, 75 feet (22.9 m) high, lies close to the north side of the headland between Summer and Iliuliuk Bays. The pinnaclestands on the reef bordering the shore of the headland. It has been called "Second Priest" in connection with Priest Rock considered as the first. A dangerous rocky shoal extends nearly 1/4 mile northwestward from the headland. Two rocks, one on the shoal and the other about 1 mile northward of the headland, bare 2 feet (0.6 m) at m. 1. 1. W.

ULAKTA HEAD, the north end of Amaknak Island, is 900 feet (274 m) high. It has a flat top, and in clear weather it is one of the best landmarks for fixing the position of Unalaska Bay. Looking into the bay, its flat top breaking off abruptly to sloping sides, presents an appearance unlike any other in the vicinity, and shows up well against the background of mountains. From its northwest point a reef extends 1⁄4 mile, marked by Needle Rock, similar in appearance to Priest Rock, but not so large.

Ulakta Head Light, elevation 61 feet (18.6 m), is a gray skeleton tower with concrete pier built on a rock on the reef bordering the shore of Ulakta Head. The light is obscured to the southward of the lines bearing 331° and 122° true to the light. A pinnacle rock, 30 feet (9.1 m) high, adjacent to the shore lies about 200 yards westward of the light. Another rock lies about 300 yards northwestward of the light.

A yellow cross is painted on the bluff 3 mile southeastward of Ulakta Head Light, at an elevation of 325 feet (99 m), to identify the head during low visibility.

A prominent round knoll, 18 feet (5.5 m), marks the shore end of the long sand spit, separating Iliuliuk Bay from Dutch Harbor.

ILIULIUK BAY (chart 9008) has its northern entrance eastward of Ulakta Head and extends southward to the village of Unalaska. Northward of Spithead there is an under-water ridge extending across the bay, on which the least depths found are 7 to 8 fathoms (12.8 to 14.6 m) near the middle of the bay; kelp has been seen on this ridge in about mid-channel. South of this ridge the depths increase to 16 to 19 fathoms (28.3 to 34.7 m). There is anchorage almost anywhere in the bay. The usual anchorage is at the head in 14 to 16 fathoms (25.6 to 29.3 m), muddy bottom, where, even with northerly winds, the force of the sea does not seem to reach home.

At the head of Iliuliuk Bay, behind the village, there is a.ravine or break in the mountains, which extends through to the water southward. This is sometimes useful as a guide in entering the bay. The Greek church and the buildings of the Alaska Commercial Co., at Unalaska, built on low land at the head of the bay, show up prominently in approaching. A conspicuous landmark in entering the bay is the 80-foot steel radio mast of the United States Coast Guard at Unalaska. Two radio towers (each showing a red light) back of Rocky Point are conspicuous as a landmark for entering the bay.

Shore observations indicate that there is a magnetic variation ranging from about 15° E. to 17° E. in Iliuliuk Bay and Dutch Harbor (1936). The mariner is cautioned not to place too much dependence on compass deviations determined in this region.

Spithead is the end of the long, low sand spit which forms the eastern side of Dutch Harbor. It is marked by an unwatched light at its extremity. Spithead Light is obscured westward of the bearing 2152° true to the light. Shoal water, less than 6 fathoms (11.0 m), marked prominently by kelp, extends 3⁄4 mile into Iliuliuk Bay from the middle part of the sand spit.

The west shore of Iliuliuk Bay south of the sand spit is fringed with rocks and should not be approached closer than 1/4 mile.

DUTCH HARBOR

339 Rocky Point has a kelp-marked reef which extends toward Spithead about 400 yards with a depth of 34 fathom (1.2 m) 250 yards from the point. The northeastern extremity of the reef is marked by a black can buoy in 8 fathoms (14.6 m). Along the east side of Rocky Point the reef is extensive; the 10-fathom (18.3 m) curve, which marks the outer limit of broken bottom in this part of Iliuliuk Bay, roughly parallels the side of the point at a distance of nearly 400 yards.

DUTCH HARBOR (chart 9008) is on the west side of Iliuliuk Bay. Its entrance is between Spithead and Rocky Point. The water is deep close to the shores and in all parts of the harbor, except off Rocky Point, where there is a reef making off a little less than 1⁄4 mile, marked at its end by a black can buoy. The entrance between Spithead and the end of the reef off Rocky Point is about 11⁄2 mile wide, with a depth of 18 fathoms (32.9 m). Anchorage may be had throughout the harbor in 14 to 22 fathoms (25.6 to 40 m). Violent williwaws are experienced during gales, especially from southwest, and the best shelter will be found under the high part of the island well northward of the wharf. The southwest gales practically have a clear sweep across the wharf because of the lowland westward.

There is a T-shaped wharf with a loading face of 360 feet and a least depth of 32 feet (9.7 m). Near the southeast end depths of 30 feet (9.1 m) are found slightly beyond the line of the face of the wharf and there is abrupt shoaling toward the shore. At the northwest end the 30-foot (9.1 m) depth curve is 30 feet inside the outer corner but meets the line of the face of the wharf 130 feet away.

Large vessels should drop an anchor well offshore and warp in to enable them to get away at once in case of a sudden onshore wind. One of the largest vessels to moor at Dutch Harbor wharf was the U. S. S. Patoka in 1933. The tanker is 463 feet long and has an average draft of 26 feet (7.9 m).

Facilities. Fuel oil storage of 40,000 barrels, and Diesel oil storage of 7,500 barrels, are maintained by the Alaska Commercial Co. Sufficient quantity of gasoline in barrels is available. Coal storage now amounts to about 250 tons. Fresh water is available at the wharf but during a dry season the quantity may be limited. Dry stores in quantity and fresh provisions are kept on hand. Meats can be obtained on short notice. See also facilities for Unalaska. The numerous buildings of the former Northern Commercial Co. are kept in repair. No machine shop facilities are available.

A naval radio station, call letters NPR, is operated at Dutch Harbor. Broadcasts of local weather conditions are made twice daily. This station handles commercial messages. Night effects in radio bearings on Dutch Harbor have been noted, estimated error being plus or minus 5°. The radio station has a small wharf on Iliuliuk Bay 0.4 mile southward of Rocky Point.

Tides.-Daily tide predictions for Dutch Harbor are given in the tide tables. The mean range of tide is about 2 feet (0.6 m) and the range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 312 feet (1.1 m). The tidal current in Dutch Harbor is inappreciable, and in Iliuliuk Harbor the velocity does not exceed 1 knot.