supply ships that may need them. It has a very commodious market held on Tuesday and Wednesday, which is well supplied with every kind of provision, &c. It lies seven miles south by east of Sandwich, and seventy-four east by south of London. DEALBATION, n. s. Lat. dealbatio. The act of bleaching or making white. All seed is white in viviparous animals, and such as have preparing vessels, wherein it receives a manifold dealbation. Browne's Vulgar Errours. DEAMBULATION, n. s. Lat. deambulaDEA'MBULATORY, adj. Stio. The act, or relating to the practice, of walking abroad. See AMBULATION. DEAMENA, in the mythology, the goddess who was supposed to preside over women during their menses. DEAN, n. s. ર Fr. doyen; Lat. decanus DEAN'ERY.n.s. From the Greek word dexa,' says Ayliffe, in English, ten, because he was anciently set over ten canons or prebendaries at least in some cathedral church.' The dean and canons, or prebends, of cathedral churches, were of great use in the church; they were not only to be of counsel with the bishop for his revenue, but chiefly for government in causes ecclesiastical. Use your best means to prefer such to those places who are nt for that Bacon. purpose. DEAN. As there are two foundations of cathedral churches in England, the old and the new (the new are those which Henry VIII., upon suppression of abbeys, transformed from abbot or prior, and convent, to dean and chapter), so there are two means of creating deans; those of the old foundation are appointed to their dignity, much like bishops, the king first issuing his congé d'elire to the chapter, the chapter then choosing, and the bishop confirming, and giving his mandate to install them. Those of the new foundation are, by a shorter course, installed by virtue of the king's letters patent, without election or confirmation. This word is also applied to the chief officers of certain peculiar churches or chapels; as the dean of the king's chapel, the dean of the arches, the dean of St. George's chapel at Windsor, and the dean of Bocking in Essex. The dean and chapter are the council of the bishop, to assist him with their advice in affairs of religion, as well as in the temporal concerns of his see. When the rest of the clergy were settled in the several parishes of each diocese, these were reserved for the celebration of divine service in the bishop's own cathedral; and the chief of them, who presided over the rest, obtained the name of decanus, or dean, being, probably, at first appointed to superintend ten canons or prebendaries. The chapter, consisting of canons or prebendaries, are sometimes appointed by the king, sometimes by the bishop, and sometimes elected by each other. The dean and chapter are the nominal electors of a bishop. The bishop is their ordinary and immediate superior; and has, generally speaking, the power of visiting them, and correcting their excesses and enormities. They had also a check on the bishop at common law; for, till the stat. 32, Hen. VIII. cap. 28, his grant, or lease, would not have bound his successors, unless confirmed by the dean and chapter. DEAN, in geography, a forest of England, in Gloucestershire, between the Severn and the county of Monmouth. The forest once contained 30,000 acres of land, in which were twenty-three parishes, and four market towns, with great abundance of fine timber. It was reckoned the chief support of the English navy; and the Spanish armada, it is said, was expressly commissioned to destroy it. The iron forges have lessened the quantity of wood, but not consumed it, as care is said to be taken in cutting it. The hills abound in iron ore DEAN, GREAT DEAN, or MICHAEL DEAN, a town in the above forest, with an elegant church and handsome spire. Cloth and pins are its chief manufactures. It has a market on Mon day, and fairs Easter Monday and October 10th. It lies twelve miles west of Gloucester, fifteen of Monmouth, and 120 south-west of London. DEAN OF GUILD, in Scottish law, the coef judge of a guild-court. The dean of guild in Edinburgh, and most of the royal boroughs of Scotland, is a member of, and elected by, the town-council; ranks next to the bailies, and continues two years in office. They do feed on nectar, heavenly wise, With Hercules and Hebe, and the rest Of Venus' dearlings, through her bounty blest. Spenser. The whole senate dedicated an altar to Friendship, as to a goddess, in respect of the great dearness of Bacon. friendship between them two. It is rarely bought, and then also bought dearly enough with such a fine. Id. Your brother Glo'ster hates you. Shakspeare. My brother holds you well, and in dearness of heart Id. hath holp to effect your ensuing harriage. Turnus shall dearly pay for faith forsworn; And corps, and swords, and shields, on Tyber born. Id. Id. Such dearbought blessings happen every day, Because we know not for what things to pray. These are the pleasing moments, in absence my dearest blessing, either to read something from you, or be writing something to you; yet I never do it but I am touched with a sensible regret, that I cannot pour out in words what my heart is so big with, which is much more just to your dear self (in a passionate return of love and gratitude) than I can tell you. Lady Russel's Letters. Landlords prohibit tenants from plowing, which is seen in the dearness of corn. Swift. DEAR, adj. Sax. dere, from depian, to injure. See DARE. Bitter; hateful; grievous. An obsolete word, but frequently used in this sense by Shakspeare. Three yere in this wise his lif he ledde, And bare him so in pees and eke in werre, Ther n' as no man that Theseus hath derre. Chaucer. Cant. Tales. What foolish boldness brought thee to their mercies, Whom thou in terms so bloody, and so dear, Hlast made thine enemies? Shakspeare. Twelfth Night. In times of dearth, it drained much coin out of the kingdom, to furnish us with corn from foreign parts. Of every tree that in the garden grows, Eat freely with glad heart; fear here no dearth, Milton. The French have brought on themselves that dearth of plot, and narrowness of imagination, which may be Dryden. observed in all their plays. There have been terrible years dearths of corn, and every place is strewed with beggars; but dearths are common in better climates, and our evils here lie much deeper. Swift. Sax. dead; Belg. dood; Teut. tod, todt, thot; from Gr. θανατος, says Minshen DEATH, n. s. DEATH-BED, DEATH'FUL, adj. DEATH LESS, adj. DEATH-LIKE, DEATH'S-DOOR, DEATH'S-HEAD, DEATH'S-MAN, DEATH'-WATCH. or the Heb. n, doth. >The cessation or extinction of life; the state of the dead; the immediate cause or causer of death; the final perdition of wicked men. A death's man is a public executioner: death's door, a near approach to death. A deathwatch is an insect making a ticking noise, like a watch, and supposed to presage death. The other compounds seem to require no explana tion. For the sorrowe that is aftir God worchith penaunce into stidefast heelthe, but sorrow of the worlde worchith Wiclif. 2 Cor. vii. deeth. They cried out, and said, O thou man of God, there is death in the pot. 2 Kings iv. 40. He is the mediator of the New Testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. Heb. ix. 15. Thou shalt die the deaths of them that are slain in the midst of the seas. Ezekiel xxviii. 8. We pray that God will keep us from all sin and wickedness, from our ghostly enemy, and from everChurch Catechism. lasting death. They were adradde of him as of the deth. His wanning was ful fayre upon an heth. Chaucer. Prol. to Cant. Tales. He answered naught, but in a traunce still lay, And on those guileful dazed eyes of his The cloude of death did sit. Spenser. Faerie Queene. As in manifesting the sweet influence of his mercy, on the severe stroke of his justice; so in this, not to Bacon. suffer a man of death to live. Time itself, under the deathful shade of whose wings all things wither, bath wasted that lively virtue of nature in man, and beasts, and plants. Raleigh. In swinish sleep Their drenched natures lie, as in a death. I had rather be married to a death's head, with a Id. bone in his mouth, than to either of these. He's dead; I'm only sorry Id. Id. Julius Cæsar. Sweet soal, take heed, take heed of perjury; Life, by this death abled, shall controll Donne. Divine Poems. There was a poor young woman, that had brought herself even to death's door with grief for her sick husband. L'Estrange. No blacks, nor soul-bells, nor death's-heads on our rings, nor funeral sermons, nor tombs, nor epitaphs, can fix our hearts enough upon our frail and miserable condition. Bishop Hall. Sermon 30. On seas, on earth, and all that in them dwell, A deathlike quiet and deep silence fell. A deathlike sleep! Waller. Milton. Id. A gentle wafting to immortal life! man souls be deathless. I myself knew a person of great sanctity, who was afflicted to death's-door with a vomiting. Taylor's Worthy Communicant. These are such things as a man shall remember uncertain. Blood, death, and deathful deeds, are in that noise, consequent thereon, as respiration, sensation, Ruin, destruction at the utmost point. &c. The signs of death are in many cases very If we consult what Winslow or Bruchier have said on this subject, we shall be convinced, that between life and death the shade is so very undistinguishable, that all the powers of art can scarcely determine where the one ends and the other begins. The color of the visage, the warmth of the body, and the suppleness of the joints, are but uncertain signs of life still subsisting; while, on the contrary, the paleness of the complexion, the coldness of the body, the stiffness of the extremities, the cessation of all motion, and the total insensibility of the parts, are but uncertain marks of death begun. In the same manner also, with regard to the pulse and breathing; these motions are often so small, that it is impossible to perceive them. This ought to be a caution against hasty burials, especially in cases of sudden death, drowning, &c. See DROWNING. with joy upon his death-bcd; such as shall cheer and warm his heart, even in that last and bitter agony. South's Sermons. He must his acts reveal, From the first moment of his vital breath, Faith and hope themselves shall die, Prior. DEATH, in law. The law makes a distinction between natural and civil death. 1. Civil death takes place, where a person is not actually dead, but adjudged so by law. Thus, if any person, for whose life an estate is granted, remains beyond sea, or is otherwise absent, seven years, and no proof of his being alive, he shall be accounted naturally dead. 2. Natural death means a person actually dead. DEATH-WATCH, in natural history, a species of fermes, so called on account of an old tradition, that its beating or ticking in a sick room, is a sure sign of death. See FERMES. DEAURATE, v. a. & part. pass. Į Lat.deau- gilded. And while the twilight and the rowis rede Chaucer. Comp. of Black Knight. A raging; a madness. DEBAR, v. a. From de and bar. See BAR. To exclude; to preclude; to shut out from any thing; to hinder. The same boats and the same buildings are found in countries debarred from all commerce by unpassable mountains, lakes, and deserts. Raleigh's Essays. Not so strictly hath our Lord imposed Milton. Homer intended to teach, that pleasure and sensuality debase men into beasts. Broome on the Odyssey. It is a wretched debasement of that sprightly faculty, the tongue, thus to be made the interpreter to a goat Government of the Tongue. or boar. A man of large possessions has not leisure to consiand will not debase himder of every slight expense, Dryden. self to the management of every trifle. Restraining others, yet himself not free; Made impotent by power, debased by dignity. they are in the condition of two things put in opposite As much as you raise silver, you debase gold; for scales; as much as the one rises, the other falls. Id. Loche. He ought to be careful of not letting his subjects debase his style, and betray him into a meanness of expression. DEBATE', v. a., v. n. & n. s. DEBATER, Addison. Fr. debattre ; Ital. debatire, from Lat. ba DEBATEFUL, tuo, to beat. To controvert, DEBATE MENT. dispute, contend for: as a neuter verb to deliberate (taking on or upon); to dispute. Debateable is disputable; liable or likely to be contended for: a debate, a formal and personal dis pute, or controversy. But God tempride the bodi ghyuynge more worshipe to it to whom it failide, that debate be not in the Wiclif. 1 Cor 12. bodi. Chaucer. Cant. Tales. Have been considered and debated on. Shakspeare. Now, lords, if heaven doth give successful end To this debate that bleedeth at our doors, We will our youth lead on to higher fields, And draw no swords but what are sanctified. Id. It is to diffuse a light over the understanding, in our enquiries after truth, and not to furnish the tongue Watts's Logick. with debate and controversy. It is knowledge and experience that make a debater. DEBAUCH', v. a. & n. s.` DEBAUCH'MENT. chor, to offer sacrifice to Bacchus : Janciently written in our language deboise and debosh. To corrupt; to violate; to vitiate, whether by lewdness or intemperance: a fit or habit of intemperance or lewdness. Debauchery, the constant practice of them. A debauchee is one who is himself devoted to lewdness or excess; a debaucher, one Men so disordered, so debauched, and bold, who corrupts others, or seduces them into vice. Here do you keep a hundred knights and squires That this our court, infected with their manners, Shews like a riotous inn. Shakspeare. King Lear. Reason once debauched, is worse than brutishness. Bp. Hall. Contemplations. They told them ancient stories of, the ravishment of chaste maidens, or the debauchment of nations, or the extreme poverty of learned persons. Taylor's Rule of Holy Living. This it is to counsel things that are unjust; first, to debauch a king to break his laws, and then to seek protection. Dryden's Spanish Friar. The first physicians by debauch were made; Excess began, and sloth sustains, the trade. Dryden. A man must have got his conscience thoroughly debauched and hardened, before he can arrive to the South. height of gin. Could we but prevail with the greatest debauchees among us to change their lives, we should find it no Id. very hard matter to change their judgments. Oppose vices by their contrary virtues; hypocrisy by sober piety, and debauchery by temperance. Spratt. He will for some time contain himself within the bounds of sobriety; till within a little while he recovers his former debauch, and is well again, and then Calamy. his appetite returns. No man's reason did ever dictate to him, that it is reasonable for him to debauch himself by intemperance Tillotson. and brutish sensuality. DEBENTURE, n. s. Į Lat. debentur, of DEBENTURED, part. debeo, to owe. note of debt, generally now used respecting goods entitled to an allowance at tne customhouse. You modern wits, should each man bring his claim, Have desperate debentures on your fame; And little would be left I'm afraid, If all your debts to Greece and Rome were paid. you, Swift. DEBENTURE is used at the custom-house for a kind of certificate, signed by the officers of the customs, which entitles a merchant, exporting goods, to the receipt of a bounty or draw back. The forms of debentures vary according to the merchandise exported. DEBILITATE, v. a.) Lat. debilito, of de DEBI LE, adj. and habilis, fit, proDEBILITA'TION, n. s. per. To weaken; make DEBILITY. n. s. unfit for exertion; to emasculate. Debile is weak, enfeebled. The substantives express a confirmed or habitual state of weakness. DEBIR, in ancient geography, a sacerdotal city of Palestine, in the southern part of the tribe of Judah, not far from Hebron. It is also called Kirjath-sepher, and Kirjath-sannah. See Josh. xv. 15, 49. DE-BOIS-BLANC, an island of the United Of a most mighty king, most rich and sage; Spenser. Faerie Queene. DEBORAH, 7, Heb.; i.e. a bee; the nurse of Rebecca, whom she accompanied from Padanaram, and survived. She lived in Jacob's where she was buried under an oak. Gen. family to an advanced age, and died near Bethel, xxiv. 59. xxxv. 8. DEBORAH, a prophetess, poetess, and judge of Israel, who excited Barak to deliver his country from the oppressions of Jabin. See BARAK. Her message to Barak, her reproof for his cowardice, and her song upon the victory, are recorded in Judges iv. & v. She flourished about A. M. 2651. DEBRUISED, in heraldry, a term peculiar to the English, by which is intimated the restraint of any animal, debarred of its natural freedom, by any of the ordinaries being laid pant; or debruised by a fesse; gules, name over it. Argent, a lion ram Charleston. DEBT, n. s. Old Fr. debte; Lat. debitum, of debeo, to owe. DEBTOR, n. s. & adj. (That which is owed or DEBT-ROLL, n. s. due to another; obligamodern word indebted. A debtor is he who tion. Debted is used by Shakspeare for our owes money or any other obligation. I am debtor both to the Greeks and to the Barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise. Rom. i. 14. This worthy man ful wel his wit besette; Ther wiste no wight that he was in dette, So stedfastly dide he his governance With his bargeines and with his cheersance. Chaucer. Prol. Cant. Tules. |