- With dauntless step she seeks the winding shore, Hears unappalled the glimmering torrents roar; With paper-flags a floating cradle weaves, And hides the smiling boy in Lotus-leaves. Darwin.

DAUPHIN, a title given by the court of France to the presumptive heir of the crown, on account of the province of Dauphiné, which in 1349 was given to Philip VI. on this condition, by Hubert II. dauphin of Vien

nois. He is styled the eldest son of France. His crown is a circle of gold set round with eight fleur-de-lis, closed at the top with four dolphins whose tails conjoin under a fleur-de-lis. DAUPHIN, in geography, a county of Pennsylvania, formerly contained in that of LancasIts form is triangular; and it is surrounded by the counties of Mifflin, Cumberland, York, Berks, and Northumberland.

ter.

DAUPHINE', an extensive south-east province of France, containing the three depart

ments of

Its entire area is about 6700 square miles, the surface being very mountainous, and the lower division intersected by a ridge of the Alps. The pasture is universally good, except where the hills are covered with forests. They contain mines of copper, iron, and lead. The principal rivers are the Isere, the Durance, and the Drome, which rise in the Alps, and terminate in the Rhone. In the higher mountains it is cold and sharp, but on the banks of the Rhone the climate is warm. The valleys produce corn, flax, and olives; and the sides of the hills are covered with vines. The culture of silk is also prosecuted with success, particularly in Valence, Romans, Pierrelatte, and Montelimart. Cheese is a principal article of export. The ecclesiastical dignitaries are one archbishop (of Vienne), and three bishops (Grenoble, Valence, and Gap).

DAVY (William), a clergyman, who was educated at Baliol College, Oxford, where he took the degree of B.D. was curate of Lustleigh, in

Devonshire, and the editor, printer, and pub lisher of a work entitled, 'A System of Divinity, in a course of Sermons on the First Institutes of Religion; on some of the most important articles of the Christian Religion in connexion; and on the several Virtues and Vices of Mankind; with occasional Discourses: being a compilation from the best sentiments of the polite writers and eminent sound divines, both ancient and modern, on the same subjects, properly connected, with improvements; particularly adapted for the use churches, and for the benefit of mankind in geneof chiefs of families and students in divinity, for ral,' 26 vols. 8vo, 1785-1807. The singular history of this production is said to be this :- Mr. Davy, having completed his preliminary arrangements, issued proposals for publishing his work by subscription; but, being unpatronised and unknown, he had no success. Undaunted by his disappointment, he determined to become his own printer. With a press which he constructed himself, and as many worn and cast-off types (purchased from a country printing-office) as sufficed to set up two pages, he fell to work. Performing every operation with the assistance of his feinale domestic only, and working off a page at a time, he finished forty copies of the first 300 pages. Twenty-six copies he distributed among the universities, the bishops, the royal society, and the reviews, expecting to derive from some quarter or other that patronage and assistance to which he fancied himself entitled. A second time disappointed, he would not abandon his project, but contracted his views, resolving in future to spare his expenses in paper. He had reserved only fourteen copies, and to that number he limited the impression of his entire work. After years of unremitting toil, he saw it completed in 26 volumes. Disdaining to get assistance, for which he could ill afford to pay, he put the books in boards with his own nands, and then took a journey to London for the express purpose of depositing a copy in each of the principal public libraries of the metropolis.' Quarterly Review

DAW, n. s. Supposed by Skinner so named from its note; by Junius to be corrupted from dawl, the Germ. tul, and dol in the Bavarian dialect, having the same signification. The

name of a bird.

I will wear my heart upon my sleeve,
For daws to peck at.

Shakspeure. Othello. If death do quench us quite, we have great wrong, That daws, and trees, and rocks should last so long, When we must in an instant pass to nought. Davies.

The loud daw, his throat displaying, draws The whole assembly of his fellow daws. Waller.

DAWES (Richard), a learned critic of the last century, was born in 1708, in Leicestershire. He was educated at Market Bosworth, and admitted a sizer of Emanuel College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow in 1731, and in 1733 took the degree of M. A. He distinguished himself by his violent asperity towards Bentley, and in 1736 published a proposal for printing by subscription a translation into Greek verse of Milton's Paradise Lost; but the plan did not

proceed. In 1738 he was appointed master of the free grammar-school at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1745 he published his Miscellanea Critica, intended as a specimen of an intended emendatory edition of all the Attic poets. But neither was this design ever completed; the Miscellanea, however, gained the author great reputation, and a second edition of it, with additions, was published in 1781, by Dr. Burgess, bishop of Salisbury. He resigned his schools in 1749, and retired to Heworth, where he died in 1766. DAWK, v. a. & n. s. Scot. dalk. To mark with an incision. A word among workmen for a hollow, rupture, or incision, in their stuff.

Should they apply that side of the tool the edge lies on, the swift coming about of the work would, where a small irregularity of stuff should happen, jobb the edge into the stuff, and so dawk it. Moron.

Observe if any hollow or dawks be in the length.

Id.

In such an enterprise to die is rather The dawn of an eternal day, than death. Byron. DAX, an old town of France, in Gascony, situated on a plain on the left bank of the Adour, a bridge across which unites it to the suburb, Sablar. It has a wall flanked with towers, and a castle. The place has been long celebrated for its mineral waters. In the middle of the town is a large and deep spring which throws out warm water in large quantities. rounding country is flat and sandy, but productive. To the north-west is an immense forest. Population 4400. It is twenty-five miles northeast of Bayonne, and eighty-five south by west of Bourdeaux.

The sur

æg; Goth. Swed, and Belg. dag; Tent. DAILY,adj.&ado | tag; Icel. dagur ; Lat. dies ;

TO-DAY, adv.

DAY-BED, n. s.

DAY-BOOK,

DAY-BREAK

DAY-DREAM, DAY-LABOR, DAY-LABORER,

DAY-LIGHT,

DAY-LILY,

The dawn, or

DAWN, v. n. & n. s. ) The past particiDAWNING, n. s. Sple, according to Mr. Tooke (Diversions of Purley, v. ii.), of AngloSaxon, agian, to grow light. To become day; to grow luminous. Hence to glimmer; to appear obscurely; to commence. dawning is used for the time between the first appearance of the sun's light and sun-rise.

As it began to dawn towards the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene to see the sepulchre.

Matthew.

DAYSMAN, DAY-SPRING, DAY-STAR, DAY-TIME, DAY-WOMAN

DAY-WORK.

all probably from Gr. dan, light. Minsheu says from Heb. 8, to fly; or from the Belg. dacht, i. e. de acht (of aught, or some value), as Belg. nacht, night, is from nie acht, no value. The last conjecture is curious, and the coincidence remarkable. We leave the decision of these conflicting etymologies with the learned reader. The time jbetween sun-rise and sunset; from noon to noon; from one evening to another; or from midnight to midnight; or between any two points marking an artificial division of time of this kind; light, sunshine; any specified or appointed time; particularly a time appointed to give judgment, and therefore that judgment given; the period of human life; any remarkable period; time in general. To-day appears simply to signify on this day. The meaning o the compounds is obvious, except perhaps tha of daysman, which signifies an umpire or judge Dr. Johnson says, a surety.' But the instances from Job ix. and Spenser seem to confirm the former meaning, which is what Ainsworth gives. Wiclif clearly uses it for judgment,' in 1 Cor. iv.

And to me it is for the leeste thing that I be deemed of ghou or of mannys dai, but neither I deme mysilf. Wiclif. 1 Cor. iv.

I worche a werk in ghoure daies, a werk that ghe schulen not bileeue if ony man schal telle it ghou. Id. And God called the light day, and the darkness he called night, And the evening and the morning were the first day. Bible. Gen. i. 5.

For he is not a man, as I am, that I should answer him, and we should come together in judgment. Neither is there any daysman betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon upon us both. Id. Job. ix. 32, 33. To-day, if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts. Psalm xcv. 7.

Upon a day he got him more moneie Than that the persone gat in monethes twice; And thus with fained flattering and gapes, He made the persone and the people his apes. Chaucer. Prol. to Cant. Tales.

I think, in these days, one honest man is obliged to acquaint another who are his friends. Pope.

If bodies be illuminated by the ordinary prismatick colours, they will appear neither of their own daylight colours, nor of the colour of the light cast on them, but of some middle colour between both. Newton's Opticks.

Of night impatient, we demand the day; The day arrives, then for the night we pray. The night and day successive come and go, Our lasting pains no interruption know.

DAYS OF GRACE, in commerce, are a customary number of days allowed for the payment of a bill of exchange, &c., after the same becomes due. Three days of grace are allowed in Britain; ten in France and Dantzic; eight at Naples; six at Venice, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Antwerp; four at Francfort; five in Leipsic; twelve at Hamburg, &c. In Britain the days of grace are given and taken as a matter of course, the bill being only paid on the last day but in other countries, where the time is much longer, it would be thought dishonorable for a merchant to take advantage of it; bills are therefore paid on the very day they fall due.

DAYS OF GRACE, in law, are those granted by the court at the prayer of the defendant or plaintiff.

DAY (Thomas), a benevolent English writer, born in the metropolis, in 1748. While an infant, he was left heir to a fortune of £1200 a year by the death of his father, who was a collector of the customs. He received the first part of his education at the Charter-house, and was afterwards sent to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Leaving Oxford he entered of the Middle Temple, and, having been disappointed in an

early affection, took two foundling girls, with the intention of modelling their minds and manners. The former he placed with a milliner, but the latter he took under his own instruction, till, finding his scheme fruitless, he gave it up, and sent her to a school. He is principally known as the author of the History of Sandford and Merton, a tale for youth, bearing no small similarity to Rousseau's Emilius. Mr. Day's opinions were more theoretical and sentimentai than adapted to the world as he found it: an instance of which occasioned his death. Having a foal which he wished to ride, he would not suffer it to be previously broke in, by those usually employed in the task, but, undertaking the management of it himself, was thrown from. its back, and received a severe kick on the head, of which he died, September 8th, 1789.

DAY-COAL, in natural history, a name given by the miners of England, and the people who live in coal countries, to that seam or stratum of the coal which lies uppermost in the earth. See COAL.

DAZE, v. a.

Sax. dægian, to shine. Mæs.-Goth. dagsian; Goth, and Swed. dusa.

DAZZLE, v. a. & v. n. DAZZLEMENT, n. s. To overpower with light, so as to confuse or stupify for both daze and dazzle may be regarded as the same active verb. Hence to dazzle is also to strike with surprise; to astonish; and 'a dazed person,' in the North of England, is one of a vacant, staring countenance. As a neuter verb, to dazzle, is to be overpowered with light; to become blind.

Proud of such glory and advancement vayne, While flashing beames do daze his feeble eyen, He leaves the welkin way most beaten playne; And, wrapt with whirling wheeles, inflames the skyers With fire not made to burne, but fayrely for to shyne. Spenser. Faerie Queene.

The crystall glass, which lent mine eyes their light, Doth now waxe dym, and dazeled all with dread; My senses all, wyll now forsake me quite,

And hope of health abandoneth my head.

When a contemptuous bold deacon had abused his bishop, he complained to S. Cyprian, who was an arch-bishop, and indeed S. Cyprian tells him he did honour him in the business that he would complain to him. Bp. Taylor.

Timothy was to prefer those who formerly had been employed by the church as deaconesses, and had discharged that office with faithfulness and propriety. Macknight on 1 Tim. v. 10. There were fourteen of these deaconries or hospitals, at Rome, which wore reserved to the cardinals. Du Cange gives in their names. Chambers.

DEACON, in civil polity, the præses of a corporation, in the royal boroughs of Scotland.

DEACON, in ecclesiastical polity, diakovos, a servant, one whose business is to baptize, read in the church, and assist at the celebrations of the eucharist. Seven deacons were instituted by the apostles, Acts vi., which number was retained a long time in several churches. Their office was to serve in the Agape, and to distribute the bread and wine to the communicants. Another part of their office was to be a sort of directors to the people in the exercise of their public devotions in the church; for which purpose they used certain forms of words, to give notice when each part of the service began. Whence they are sometimes called eirokerukes, or holy criers of the church. Deacons had, by license from the bishop, a power to preach, to reconcile penitents, to grant absolution, and to represent their bishops in general councils. Their office out of the church was to take care of orphans, widows, prisoners, and all the poor and sick who had any title to be maintained out of the revenues of the church; to enquire into the morals of the people, and to make their report to the bishop. Whence, on account of the variety of business, it was usual to have several deacons in the same church. In the Romish church, it is the deacon's office to

G