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sions when the military break loose or want of pay, or to avenge themselves of some grievance. Of the information upon Egypt, afforded to us by the intelligent Dr. Clarke, the following is a summary:-In his passage from Acre to Aboukir, he witnessed a phenomenon, formerly noticed, but also by some writers strenuously disputed. As we were sitting down to dinner, the voice of a sailor employed in heaving the lead, was suddenly heard calling half four!' The captain, starting up, reached the deck in an instant; and almost as quickly putting the ship in stays, she went about. Every seaman on board thought she would be stranded. As she came about, all the surface of the water exhibited a thick black mud: this extended so widely, that the appearance resembled an island. At the same time no land was really visible, not even from the mast-head, nor was there any notice of such a shallow in any chart on board. The fact is, as we learned afterwards, that a stratum of mud, extending for many leagues off the mouths of the Nile, exists in a moveable deposit near the coast of Egypt, and, when recently shifted by currents, it sometimes reaches quite to the surface, so as to alarm mariners with sudden shallows, where the charts of the Mediterranean promise a considerable depth of water. These, however, are not, in the slightest degree, dangerous. Vessels no sooner touch them than they become dispersed; and a frigate may ride secure, where the soundings would induce an inexperienced pilot to believe her nearly aground.' -Vol. iii. p. 13.

He left Rosetta on the morning of August 10th, and proceeded up the Nile to Cairo, then occupied by the English and their Turkish allies. A vessel leaving Rosetta, is driven by the wind,' he says, ' with extraordinary velocity against the whole force of the torrent to Cairo, or into any part of Upper Egypt. For the purpose of her return, with even greater rapidity, it is only necessary to take down the mast and sails, and leave her to be carried against the wind by the powerful current of the river. It is thus possible to perform the whole voyage from Rosetta to Bulac, the quay of Cairo, and back again, with certainty, in about seventy hours, a distance equal to 400 miles.'-p. 32.

Of the population, fertility, and beautiful groves of Lower Egypt, our traveller speaks with his usual eloquence.

Throughout the Delta irrigation is carried to a vast extent, but it is effected, for the most part, by artificial means; and an exaggerated idea of the effects of the Nile is conveyed by the beautiful description of Gray. Extensive canals on each side of the river conduct its waters to the utmost extent of their level, but the fields are many of them supplied by water-wheels, or the still simpler process of lading. The soil thus treated produces three crops in the year-clover, corn, and rice, of which the last is sown while the field is actually under water, a practice which, as Dr. Clarke observes, is alluded to by Solomon (Eccles. ii. 1). The eastern sycamore attains an enormous size, and its boughs are so bent by the prevalent winds as to make them resemble a peacock's tail. The fruit resembles

in shape the common fig, but is smaller, dry and insipid. The thermometer stood at 90° in the shade, and the inhabitants of the country were walking about or engaged in the avocations of husbandry, in a state of perfect nakedness, and displaying a complexion of the darkest tawny. They arrived at Bulac at midnight, and were aroused the next morning with intelligence that the pyramids were in sight. What follows is in Dr. Clarke's best style.

'Never will the impression made by their appearance be obliterated. By reflecting the sun's rays, they appeared as white as snow, and of such surprising magnitude, that nothing we had previously conceived in our imagination had prepared us for the spectacle we beheld. The sight instantly convinced us that no power of description, no delineation can convey ideas adequate to the effect produced in viewing these stupendous monuments. The formality of their structure is lost in their prodigious magnitude: the mind, elevated by wonder, feels at once the force of an axiom, which, however disputed, experience confirms,—that in vastness, whatever be its nature, there dwells sublimity. Another proof of their indescribable power is, that no one ever approached them under other emotions than those of terror; which is another principal source of the sublime. In certain instances of irritable feeling, this impression of awe and fear has been so great, as to cause pain rather than pleasure; of which we shall have to record a very striking instance in the sequel. Hence, perhaps, have originated descriptions of the pyramids, which represent them as deformed and gloomy masses, without taste or beauty. Persons who have derived no satisfaction from the contemplation of them, may not have been conscious that the uneasiness they experienced was a result of their own sensibility. Others have acknowledged ideas widely different, excited by every wonderful circumstance of character and situation; ideas of duration, almost endless; of power, inconceivable; of majesty, supreme; of solitude, most awful; of grandeur, of desolation, and of repose.'-Vol. ii. pp. 44-46.

Dr. Clarke's description of Cairo is short, but very curious and interesting. He was sufficiently disgusted with it as the dirtiest metropolis in the world; but the picturesque crowd in its streets, and on its canals, and the foliage of its gardens, no less than the splendid panorama seen from the heights of the citadel, had sufficient beauty and novelty to repay this inconvenience. Here, as in South America, the lizard is the harmless inhabitant of all the gardens, and is seen hanging on the walls and ceilings of the best apartments. Swarms of flies filled every dish and every drinking vessel, and the climate, though extolled as delightful by the British officers who had arrived from India, appeared to Dr. Clarke only tolerable to those who could reconcile themselves to the listless and sordid inactivity of the natives and settled Franks. Dr. Clarke recognised in the funeral cries of Egypt the same mournful notes, and the repetition of the same syllables which are used, on similar occasions, by the Russians and the Irish. In his observations on the mummy-pits, he is led to

animadvert on the falsehood of the common opinion, that the mummies were placed upright in these cemeteries, and supposes that the words of Herodotus, which have been generally quoted to this effect, relate only to those particular mummies which were kept in the houses of their descendants. The horses of our author's Arab guides were the finest he had seen in the whole course of his travels; and the Arab grooms were regarded by the English officers as superior to those even of their own country. These horses do not lie down at night, but sleep standing, with one foot fastened to the piquet.

Dr. Clarke supposes, from the decay of the obelisks at Alexandria, and from similar appear ances on other ancient buildings, that granite, namely, from the decomposition of its feldspar by exposure to the atmosphere, is less calculated for works of duration than pure homogeneous marble, or even than common limestone. Of the two obelisks known by the name of Cleopatra's Needles, one only is now standing. A subscription was raised by several officers of our army and navy to remove to Great Britain its fallen companion, which, as it now lies on the sand, measures seven feet square at the base, and sixty-six feet in length. Lord Cavan presided in this undertaking, which was worthy of the ancient Romans, and would, probably, have been attended with complete success, had not, for some unexplained reason, the sailors of our fleet been forbidden to assist in the labor. Dr. Clarke gives some probable reasons why the emperor named in the inscription on the base of Pompey's Pillar is not, as is generally supposed, Dioclesian but Hadrian, and attempts also to prove that this magnificent monument was really erected to the unfortunate general whose name tradition has assigned to it. The Arabs, it seems, call it the ruins of Julius Cæsar's palace.' Our author is among the first who has done sufficient justice to the regularity of the plan of the catacombs of Alexandria; the chaste and awful simplicity of their ornaments, and the long and gloomy arcades of this subterranean city of death. Twelve large halls, besides many smaller apartments, surrounded with places adapted to receive bodies in a recumbent posture, are disposed in a form not very dissimilar from the ancient symbol of the trident, and conclude with a circular sanctuary covered with a simple dome, which is hewn, like all the rest, in the solid rock. In this part of the excavation an ornament appears, which colonel Squire took for a crescent, but which Dr. Clarke more probably apprehended to be the winged globe, which, according to Macrobius, was the Egyptian symbol of Serapis, the lord of the dead. With this visit to Alexandria, Dr. Clarke's Egyptian travels concluded. See ALEXANDRIA.

The splendid antiquities and ancient literature of Egypt have been abundantly illustrated by recent travellers and writers. The labors of the French Institute at Cairo are entitled, perhaps, to our first notice, for their stupendous and magnificent Description de l'Egypte. We may next mention Mr. William Hamilton's Egyptiaca, 4to. Lond. 1809, originating with the first British expedition. In October, 1801, captain Leake

and lieutenant Hayes were appointed by general Hutchinson, to make a survey of Egypt, and of the country beyond it, if it should be found practicable; and Mr. Hamilton joined these gentlemen in their expedition. Partly, however, on account of the disturbed state of the country, they were unable to proceed further south than a few hours' journey beyond Syene, to a village called Debôd, opposite to which they observed the ruins of Barembre, the Parembole of the ancients; here also they found a Greek dedication of a temple to Isis, by Ptolemy Philometor and his queen. But they collected a variety of inscriptions from other parts of Egypt, to which they added drawings and descriptions of the architectural remains to which they belonged. At Alexandria Mr. Hamilton was enabled, in company with some other gentlemen, by examining the inscription on Pompey's pillar, in different positions of the sun, to ascertain the name Dioclesian, as that of the emperor to whom it was dedicated; and to find some traces of the name of Pompeius, a prefect of Egypt under that emperor.

Mr. Legh visited Egypt in 1812, and extended his observations as far as Itrim, within about three days' journey of the second cataract of the Nile. Accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Smelt, he engaged as an interpreter, on leaving Cairo for Upper Egypt, an American, of the name of Barthow, who had resided many years in the country. They sailed on the 13th January, and their first landing was at the ruined village of Benihassen, where they visited the excavations which Norden ascribes to holy hermits, who made their abodes there.' The principal chamber is sixty feet in length, and forty in height; to the south of it are seventeen smaller chambers, and probably the like number to the north. Mr. Legh says, they found it difficult to follow Mr. Hamilton's descriptions of the paintings which cover the walls of the chambers. At Ashmounien, the site of the ancient Hermopolis, they partook of the enthusiasm with which Denon speaks of its splendid ruins; but Mr. Legh observes, that his delineation of them denotes the haste with which he travelled, for that the winged globe, represented by him on the frieze, does not exist in the original. Indeed, he found that Denon is very little to be depended on, where he does not copy from preceding travellers, or from the actual fragments carried away by the French. By his own account, he has drawn and described objects seen only in galloping past them; and, at the best, laboring under the horror of a hostile visit from the Arabs or Mamelukes. At Siout, which has succeeded to Girgeh, as the capital of Upper Egypt, they fell in with Burckhardt, travelling as Shekh Ibrahim, on his way to the Great Oasis, where a tribe of Bedouins had lately established themselves. Ibrahim Bey, the eldest son of the pacha, here received them with considerable civility. Reaching Gaw-el-Kebir, the ancient Antropolis, on the 28th, they found the portico of the temple still standing, in the midst of a thick grove of dates, and consisting of three ows, each of six columns; they are eight feet in diameter, and, with their entablature, sixty-two feet high. Mr.

Legh thinks this venerable and gigantic ruin the most picturesque in Egypt; the columns, architraves, and every part of the building, are covered with hieroglyphics. At the farthest extremity of the temple is an immense block of granite, of a pyramidal form, twelve feet high, and nine feet square at the base, in which is cut a niche, seven feet high, four feet wide, and three feet deep.

Our travellers were forcibly struck with the luxuriant fertility of the soil along the banks of the Nile, as contrasted with the wretched state of poverty and misery of the inhabitants. The fields, enriched by the Nile, teem with plenty; the date-trees here are loaded with fruit; cattle of every kind, poultry, and milk, abound in every village; but the wretched Arab is compelled to live on a few lentils, and a small portion of bread and water, while he sees his fields plundered and his cattle driven away, to gratify the insatiable wants of a mercenary soldier, and the inordinate claims of a rapacious governor. After having paid the various contributions, and answered the numerous demands made upon him, not a twentieth of the produce of his labor falls to his own share; and without the prospect of enjoying the fruits of his toil, the Fellah, naturally indolent himself, allows his fields to remain uncultivated, conscious that his industry would be but an additional temptation to the extortion of tyranny.' p. 42.

Between Cafr Saide, supposed to be the site of Chenoboscia, and Diospolis Parva, the modern How, they observed, for the first time, some crocodiles basking on the sand-banks in the river, the largest apparently about twentyfive feet long. Mr. Legh thinks Girgeh the limit below which they do not descend; and they appear to be most numerous between this place and the cataracts. The superstitious natives, we are told, attribute the circumstance of crocodiles not being observed in the lower parts of the Nile, to the talismanic influence of the Mikkias, or Nilometer, at Cairo.

A fair wind wafted the travellers past Dendera, Koptos, and Kous, and on the 7th February they landed on the plain of Thebes, the city of a hundred gates, the theme and admiration of ancient poets and historians, and the wonder of every traveller in every age. The ruins extend from each bank of the Nile to the sides of the enclosing mountains. The objects which most powerfully attract the attention on the eastern side, are the magnificent temple of Karnac, and the remains of the temple of Luxor; the latter of which, Mr. Legh says, mark the southern extremity of the walls of the city on that side of the river. On the opposite, or western bank, are the Memnonium, the two colossal statues, and the remains of Médinet-Abou. The Necropolis, or celebrated caverns, known as the sepulchres of the ancient kings of Thebes, are excavations in the mountains, covered with sculptures and paintings, still in the highest degree of preservation. Of these, Mr. Legh gives no description, which indeed, without engravings, would have been of little use. For the most ample, laborious, and accurate details of these ancient ruins, says the Quarterly Reviewer,

we must still consult the learned and indefatigable Pococke.

The time passed by Mr. Legh at Essouan was employed in visiting the islands of Elephantina, Phile, and the cataracts. 'Elephantina,' he says, is celebrated for its beauty, and certainly contains within itself every thing to make it one of the most enchanting spots in the world: woods, gardens, canals, mills, rivers, and rocks, combine to make it picturesque.' Eight temples, or sanctuaries, are crowded together on the island of Phile, though its whole length does not exceed 1000 feet, nor its breadth 400. Mr. Legh thinks, from the present state of these temples, that the system of building among the ancient Egyptians, was first to construct great masses, and afterwards to labor for ages in finishing the details of the decorations, beginning with the sculpture of the hieroglyphics, and then passing to the stucco and painting. He tells us also, that the granite quarries, at the foot of the mountains, still bear the marks of the chisel and the wedge; and that the unfinished obelisks, columns, and sarcophagi, which are to be seen in great profusion, show the unwearied labor and mighty schemes of the ancient inhabitants.'

The cataracts of the Nile have been represented by former writers in exaggerated colors. This barrier, however, placed by nature between Nubia and Egypt, is in the highest degree magnificent.

'Passing upwards from Egypt, you leave the delicious gardens of the island of Elephantina, which divides the Nile into nearly two equal streams; and, on the left, the romantic and ruined town of Essouan strongly reminded us of the old gothic castles in England. Beyond, the two chains of primitive mountains, lying on each side the Nile, cross the bed of the river, and form innumerable rocky points or islands to impede its course. The wild disorder of the granite rocks, which present every variety of grotesque shape, the absence of all cultivation, the murmur of the water, and the savage and desolate character of the whole scene, form a picture which exceeds all power of description. p. 54.

The boundary of the French expedition in Egypt was marked on a granite rock a little above the cataracts; and our travellers were earnestly exhorted by the Arab shekh at Essouan, not to think of proceeding further. But, as the Mamelukes were at a considerable distance, and the Barâbras at peace with the pacha of Egypt, they proceeded, and found a population of a character totally distinct from that of Egypt, its low sandy banks, its Copts, Arabs, Turks, and Jews. The natives are Barâbras, or Berebbers, or Berberins, the same who inhabit Mount Atlas and the interior parts of Barbary, to which they have given their name; a frugal, harmless, and honest people, subsisting chiefly on dates, millet, and a few leguminous plants; and rigid Mahonmedans. For the first eighteen miles, the mountains are described as hemming in the Nile, leaving but few small patches that could possibly be cultivated, and these were generally plar ted with dates. But we must here leave our travellers, referring the reader to Mr. Legh's Narrative for their further route. Returning

down the Nile, they again visited the neighbourhood of Thebes, and landed at Manfalout, to examine some mummy-pits in the desert, near the village of Amabdi, of which they had heard an extraordinary account from a Greek, of the name of Demetrius. He told them, that in pursuing some fugitives, they were suddenly observed to disappear. On coming to the place,, they found a pit, which he and some others descended; at the bottom were fragments of mummies of crocodiles scattered about, but no fugitives to be seen. This story raised the curiosity of our travellers, and they determined to visit those subterraneous chambers, in which the sacred crocodiles had been interred, and which ie od tus was not permitted to see.

Th party was composed of Mr. Legh, Mr. Smelt, the American interpreter, an Abyssinian merchant of the name of Fadlallah, and three of their boat's crew, Barabras, whom they had brought from the Cataracts. Having wandered about four hours in search of Amabdi, they at length observed four Arabs cutting wood. These people showed an unwillingness to give them any information-talked of danger-and were heard to mutter that-if one must die all must die':this, however, did not deter the party from proceeding. The story of this adventure is so well told, and so interesting, that, though rather long, we give it in Mr. Legh's own words.

"We were bent on going, and the Arabs at last undertook to be our guides for a reward of twenty-five piastres. After an hour's march in the desert, we arrived at the spot, which we found to be a pit or circular hole of ten feet in diameter and about eighteen feet deep. We descended without difficulty, and the Arabs began to strip, and proposed to us to do the same: we partly followed their example, but kept on our trowsers and shirts. I had by me a brace of pocket pistols, which I concealed in my trowsers, to be prepared against any treacherous attempt of our guides. It was now decided that three of the four Arabs should go with us, while the other remained on the outside of the cavern. The Abyssinian merchant declined going any farther. The sailors remained also on the outside to take care of our clothes. We formed therefore a party of six: each was to be preceded by a guide-our torches were lighted-one of the Arabs led the way,-and I followed him.

"We crept for seven or eight yards through an opening at the bottom of the pit, which was partly choked up, with the drifted sand of the desert, and found ourselves in a large chamber about fifteen feet high.

This was probably the place into which the Greek, Demetrius, had penetrated, and here we observed what he had described, the fragments of the mummies of crocodiles. We saw also great numbers of bats flying about, and hanging from the roof of the chamber. Whilst holding up my torch to examine the vault, I accidentally scorched one of them. I mention this trivial circumstance, because afterwards it gave occasion to a most ridiculous, though to us a very important, discussion. So far the story of the Greek was true, and it remained only to explore the galleries where the Arabs had formerly taken refuge, and where, without doubt, were deposited

the mummies we were searching for. We had all of us torches, and our guides insisted upon our placing ourselves in such a way, that an Arab was before each of us. Though there appeared something mysterious in this order of march, we did not dispute with them, but proceeded. We now entered a low gallery, in which we continued for more than an hour, stooping or creeping as was necessary, and following its windings, till at last it opened into a large chamber, which, after some time, we recognised as the one we had first entered, and from which we had set out. Our conductors, however, denied that it was the same, but on our persisting in the assertion, agreed at last that it was, and confessed they had missed their way the first time, but if we would make another attempt they would undertake to conduct us to the mummies. Our curiosity was still unsatisfied; we had been wandering for more than an hour in low subterranean passages, and felt considerably fatigued by the irksomeness of the posture in which we had been obliged to move, and the heat of our torches in those narrow and low galleries, But the Arabs spoke so confidently of succeeding in this second trial, that we were induced once more to attend them. We found the opening of the chamber which we now approached guarded by a trench of unknown depth, and wide enough to require a good leap. The first Arab jumped the ditch and we all followed him. The passage we entered was extremely small, and so low in some places as to oblige us to crawl flat on the ground, and almost always on our hands and knees. The intricacies of its windings resembled a labyrinth, and it terminated at length in a chamber much smaller than that which we had left, but, like it, contained nothing to satisfy our curiosity. Our search had hitherto been fruitless, but the mummies might not be far distant; another effort, and we might still be successful.

'The Arab whom I followed and who led the way, now entered another gallery, and we all continued to move in the same manner as before, each preceded by a guide. We had not gone far before the heat became excessive; for my own part, I found my breathing extremely difficult, my head began to ache most violently, and I had a most distressing sensation of fulness about the heart.

'We felt we had gone too far, and yet were almost deprived of the power of returning. At this moment the torch of the first Arab went out; I was close to him and saw him fall on his sidehe uttered a groan-his legs were strongly convulsed, and I heard a rattling noise in his throathe was dead. The Arab behind me, seeing the torch of his companion extinguished, and conceiving he had stumbled, past me, advanced to his assistance, and stooped. I observed him appear faint, totter, and fall in a moment-he also was dead. The third Arab came forward, and made an effort to approach the bodies, but stopped short. We looked at each other in silent horror. The danger increased every instant; our torches burnt faintly; our breathing became more difficult; our knees tottered under us, and we felt our strength nearly gone.

"There was no time to be lost-the American, Barthow, cried to us take courage,' and wo

began to move back as fast as we could. We heard the remaining Arab shouting after us, calling us Caffres, imploring our assistance, and upbraiding us with deserting him. But we were obliged to leave him to his fate, expecting every moment to share it with him. The windings of the passages through which we had come increased the difficulty of our escape; we might take a wrong turn, and never reach the great chamber we had first entered. Even supposing we took the shortest road, it was but too probable our strength would fail us before we arrived. We had each of us separately and unknown to one another observed attentively the different shapes of the stones which projected into the galleries we had passed, so that each had an imperfect clue to the labyrinth we had now to retrace. We compared notes, and only on one occasion had a dispute, the American differing from my friend and myself; in this dilemma we were determined by the majority, and fortunately were right. Exhausted with fatigue and terror, we reached the edge of the deep trench which remained to be crossed before we got into the great chamber. Mustering all my strength, I leaped, and was followed by the American. Smelt stood on the brink, ready to drop with fatigue. He called to us for God's sake to help him over the fosse, or at least to stop, if only for five minutes, to allow him time to recover his strength.' It was impossible to stay was death, and we could not resist the desire to push on and reach the open air. We encouraged him to summon all his force, and he cleared the trench. When we reached the open air it was one o'clock, and the heat of the sun about 160°. Our sailors, who were waiting for us, had luckily a bardak full of water, which they sprinkled upon us, but, though a little refreshed, it was not possible to climb the sides of the pit; they unfolded their turbans, and slinging them round our bodies, drew us to the top.'

The Arab who remained at the entrance an xiously enquired for his hahabebas, or friends; he was told they were employed in bringing out the mummies; the travellers then mounted their asses, and rode forward towards the boats with all speed, but were pursued; and being brought back to Manafalout, found great difficulty in escaping the vengeance of its inhabitants.

The accomplished, but unfortunate, Mr. Burckhardt left England on the 2d of March, 1809, for Malta, whence he set out for Aleppo, which he reached on the 6th of July. At this place and Damascus, he spent the principal part of the next three years; during which he made a variety of excursions into the Hauran and the Lesge, visited the ruins of Palmyra and Balbec, and perfected himself in the knowledge of the religion, manners, and language of the Mahommedan Arabs. On the 18th of June, 1812, he set out from Damascus for Cairo, avoiding the usual route of the sea coast and desert between El Arish and the borders of Egypt, and directing his course, in the disguise of the poorest of the Bedouins, from the Holy Land, east of the Jordan, by Szalt, into Arabia Petræa, and across the great desert El Ty; he reached Cairo on the 4th September, with the intention of availing

himself of the first opportunity of penetrating into Africa, which the departure of a Fezzan or a Darfur caravan might afford him. Finding, however, that this was not likely soon to take place, he determined to pass the intermediate time in exploring Egypt, and the country above the Cataracts, and was thus enabled to perform two very arduous and interesting journeys into the ancient Ethiopia; one of them along the banks of the Nile from Assouan to Dar El Mahass on the frontiers of Dongola, in the months of February and March 1813, during which he discovered many remains of ancient Egyptian and Nubian architecture, with Greek inscriptions, such as are found in the temples of Phila:-the other between March and July in the following year, through Nubia to Souakim and Djedda. The details of this journey, contained in his Travels, are said to be the best notices ever received in Europe of the actual state of society, trade, ・ manufactures, and government in what was the cradle of all the knowledge of the ancient Egyptians.

Captain Light's Travels were published in 1818, and are chiefly valuable for the ill-executed but tolerably accurate prints of Egyptian antiquities which they contain. He had previously contributed to Mr. Walpole's Memoirs, relating to European and Asiatic Turkey, several curious decorations in the remains of the churches of Nubia. These Memoirs,contain also some papers of the late Mr. Davison, who was British consul at Algiers, and accompanied Mr. Wortley Montague to Egypt in 1763. In the great pyramid, Mr. Davison discovered a room, before unknown, immediately over the chamber which contains the sarcophagus; and descended the three successive wells, to the depth of 155 feet. He also well describes the catacombs of Alexandria. This volume likewise comprises an account of the customs and manners of modern Egypt by Dr. Hume. Nor should we forget the obligations which every writer on the geography of Egypt must in future owe colonel Leake's elegant two-chart map of that country, comprehending also a sketch of Nubia, as far as the southern cataract; the limit of all the existing antiquities.

The 'Memnon' or head of a colossal statue found at Thebes, now in the British Museum, was brought from that place to Alexandria at the joint expense of poor Burckhardt, and Mr. Salt, our consul in Egypt. It is considered the finest specimen of ancient Egyptian sculpture which has yet been discovered, and is formed of a single block of granite about ten tons in weight. Under the direction of M. Belzoni, it was moved by the sheer labor of the Arab peasantry two miles, and, without the aid of any kind of machinery, embarked on the Nile. The French, unable to remove it, attempted to blow off with gunpowder the large mass of hair behind, forming that bushy coeffure so common on Egyptian statues, and part of the Bust; fortunately the face has sustained no injury.

'By the indefatigable labor of (the late) M. Belzoni and Mr. Salt, the British Museum,' says the Quarterly Reviewer, is likely to become the richest depository in the world of Egyptian antiquities. They uncovered the front of the great sphynx, when numerous pieces of antiquity, as

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