EFFORT. Fr. effort; most probably from the Latin fortis, strong, bold. Struggle; earnest endeavour; vehement action. It is accented by good writers on either syllable. If, after having gained victories, we had made the same efforts as if we had lost them, France could not have withstood us. Addison. On the State of the War. Though the same sun, with all diffusive rays, Blush in the rose, and in the diamond blaze, We prize the stronger effort of his power, And always set the gem above the flower. Blackmore himself for any grand effort. Pope. Id. He set apart annual sums for the recovery of manuscripts, the effosion of coins, and the procuring of Arbuthnot. mummies. EFFRA'IABLE, adj. Fr. effroyable. Dreadful; frightful; terrible. A word not used. Pestilential symptoms declare nothing a proportionate efficient of their effraiable nature but arsenical fumes. Harvey. EFFRONTERY. Fr. effronterie; Lat. effrons, shameless; from frons, frontis, the forehead, often put for impudence or assurance (from modest females wearing it veiled). Shamelessness; immodesty; contempt of reproach. They could hardly contain themselves within one unworthy act, who had effrontery enough to commit o countenance it. King Charles. A bold man's effrontery, in company with women, must be owing to his low opinion of them, and his Clarissa. high one of himself. Others with ignorance and insufficiency have selfadmiration and effrontery to set up themselves. Watts. EFFUSE', v. a. & n. s. Fr. effusion, Ital. EFFU'SION, n. s. Span. and Portug. EFFU'SIVE, adj. ffusione; Lat. effusio, from effundo, to pour out, i. e. e, out, and fundo, to pour. To pour out; shed; spill. Shakspeare uses effuse for effusion. The act of pouring out words or things; the thing poured out. Shakspeare. The air hath got into my deadly wounds, Id. Henry VI. He fell, and, deadly pale, Groaned out his soul, with gushing blood effused. Taylor's Worthy Communicant. Dryden's Homer. If the flood-gates of heaven were any thing distinct from the forty days rain, their effusion, 'tis likely, was at this same time when the abyss was broken open. Burnet's Theory. At last emerging from his nostrils wide, And gushing mouth, effused the briny tide. Pope's Odyssey. The North-east spends its rage; the effusive South Warms the wide air. Thomson's Spring. The several irruptions of Arabs, Tartars, and Persians, into India were, for the greater part, ferocious, bloody, and wasteful in the extreme: our entrance into the dominion of that country was as generally, with small comparative effusion of blood; being introduced by various frauds and delusions, and by taking advantage of the incurable, blind, and senseless animosity, which the several country powers bear towards each other, rather than by open force. Burke. Darwin. Your myriad trains o'er stagnant oceans tow, Harnessed with gossamer, the loitering prow; Or with fine films, suspended o'er the deep, Or oil effusive lull the waves asleep. EFFUSION, or FUSION, in astronomy, denotes that part of the sign Aquarius, represented on celestial globes and planispheres, by the water issuing out of the urn of the water-bearer. EFT, n. s. Sax. efeta, from Goth. vate, water. A water-lizard. Peacocks are beneficial to the places where they are kept, by clearing of them from snakes, adders, and efts, upon which they will live. Mortimer's Husbandry. The crocodile of Egypt is the lizard of Italy, and the eft in our country. Nicholas. EFT, in zoology. See LACERTA. EFT, adv. Sax. eft, and estrona, from Sax. eftan, to hasten. Soon; quickly; following soon. fies behind; and our naval word aft, as well as The Goth. eft signiafter, afterwards, &c., are of the same family. See AFT. But sithen thynges passed cannot be gaine called, Eft through the thick they heard one rudely rush, Faerie Queene. Eftsoones he gan apply relief Of salves and medicines. He in their stead eftsoones placed Englishmen, who possessed all their lands. Spenser's State of Ireland. The Germans deadly hated the Turks, whereof it was to be thought that new wars should eftiones Knolles's History. ensue. Quite consumed with flame, Fairfax. Eftsoons, O sweetheart kind, my love repay, Gay's Pastorals. EGALITE', Fr. i.e. equality; the surname assumed by Philip Bourbon Capet, the last duke of Orleans, to ingratiate himself with the republicans, upon the abolition of monarchy in France, in August, 1792. Neither this piece of policy, however, nor his voting for the death of his unfrom being denounced as a conspirator against fortunate relation, Louis XVI., could save him the liberty of the republic, on the 12th April, 1793, and condemned to be guillotined on the 6th November following. He was executed accordingly at five P. M., three hours after his condemnation. EGBERT, the first king of all England, and the last of the Saxon heptarchy. He was a descendant of the royal family of Wessex, and a prince of great accomplishments; but, while where he lived at the court of Charlemagne, till young, he was obliged to withdraw to France, Brithric, the then king of Wessex, from whose jealousy he had fled, became obnoxious to the nobility, through the conduct of his queen. Egbert, who, during his exile, had acquired both the arts of war and government, was recalled to take possession of the kingdom, to which he was legal heir; was proclaimed king of Wessex in 800, and in 802 he united all the other kingdoms under him, giving the whole the name of England. In about five years after, his dominions were twice invaded by the Danes, with great force, but he defeated them in both their attempts. He died in 838, and was succeeded by Ethelwolf. See ENGLAND. EGEDE (Hans), a Danish missionary, who went to Greenland in 1721. He became the founder of an establishment there, over which he presided for fifteen years, and was the author of a work on the topography and natural history of Greenland, published in Danish in 1729, and afterwards translated into French and Dutch. He died in 1758, aged seventy-one, in the isle of EGEDE (Paul), son of the preceding, was his assistant in the above mission; and published a journal of his own residence in Greenland, from 1721 to 1788. He died at the age of eighty-one, June 3d, 1789. EGENOTISO, an island in the Eastern Indian, Sea, about twenty miles in circumference, fifty miles from the north-east coast of Sumatra. Long. 104° 45′ E., lat. 0° 27′ S. E'GER, n. s. See EAGRE. An impetuous or irregular flood or tide. From the peculiar disposition of the earth at the bottom, wherein quick excitations are made, may arise those egers and flows in some estuaries and rivers; as is observable about Trent and Homber in England. Browne's Vulgar Errours. EGER, a river rising in Suabia, which passes by Nordlingen, and runs into the Wernitz, six miles north of Donauwert. EGER, a large river of Franconia, which flows eastward to Bohemia, and falls into the Elbe. EGER, an old fortified town of Bohemia, on the above river. It contains some manufactures; has three annual fairs; and in the neighbourhood is a well-known chalybeate spring. It was occupied by the French in 1742, but retaken the following year. It suffered greatly by fire in 1809. Population about 8000. Seventy-six miles from Prague. Brackley, but died the year following. His Privileges and Prerogatives of the High Court of Chancery, and his Observations concerning the Office of Lord Chancellor, were published after his death. EGELTON (Francis), duke of Bridgewater, descended from the above nobleman, was born in 1736, being the fifth son of the first duke, and the third who held that title. He succeeded his elder brother in 1748. This nobleman exhibited a most enlightened and persevering spirit in his various schemes for making navigable canals for the advantage of his estates in Lancashire and Cheshire, and in his patronage of the celebrated Brindley, by whom his plans were executed. The duke had the satisfaction of witnessing the entire success of his undertakings, prior to his death, which took place in 1803. EGEST', v. a. Lat. egero, egestum, from EGESTION, n. s. Se, out, and gero, to bear: to carry forth. To evacuate food naturally. Divers creatures sleep all the Winter; as the bear, these all wax the hedge-hog, the bat, and the bee; fat when they sleep, and egest not. Bacon's Natural History. The animal soul or spirits manage as well their spontaneous actions, as the natural or involuntary exertions of digestion, egestion, and circulation. Hale's Origin of Mankind. EGG. Isl. eggia, to incite; Sax. eggian; Dan. egge: according to Minsheu all derived from Lat. ago, to compel, do, &c. Study becomes pleasant to him who is pursuing his genius, and whose ardour of inclination eggs him forward, and carrieth him through every obstacle. Durham's Physico-Theology. EGERIA, or ÆGERIA, a nymph held in great veneration by the Romans. She was courted by Numa Pompilius; and, according to Ovid, became his wife. This prince, to give his laws the greater authority, solemnly declared, before the Roman people, that they were previously sanctified and approved by the nymph Egeria. Ovid says, that Egeria was so disconsolate at the death of Numa, that she melted into tears, and was changed into a fountain by Diana. She was ranked as a goddess who presided over the pregnancy of women, whence some reckoned her This toye and that, and all not worth an egge: the same with Lucina. EGERTON (John), an eminent prelate, born in London in 1721, was the son of Henry Egerton, bishop of Hereford. He received the first part of his education at Eton, after which he was sent to Oriel College, Oxford. In 1745 he obtained the living of Ross in Herefordshire, and the next year a prebend in the cathedral of Hereford. He was preferred to the deanery of Hereford in 1750, and afterwards successively to the bishoprics of Bangor, Litchfield, and Durham. He was a liberal contributor to several important public works in his diocese, and his charities were extensive. He published several sermons on public occasions; and died in 1787. EGERTON (Thomas), lord chancellor of England, under James I., was the natural son of Sir Richard Egerton, in Cheshire, and was born about 1540. He was educated at Oxford, whence he removed to Lincoln's Inn. He received the honor of knighthood, and was made attorney-general in 1592; and not long after, master of the rolls, which was followed by the office of lord-keeper. In 1603 he was appointed lord chancellor, with the title of baron Ellesmere; and in 1616 he was created viscount EGG, n. s. Goth. and Swed. egg; Sax. œg; He would in loue prosper aboue all thyng. Sir T. More. And now the day of woe drew on apace, A day of woe to all the pigmy race, When dwarfs were doomed, but penitence was vain, To rue each broken egg, and chicken slain. Beattie. She and her maid, had promised by day-break To pay him a fresh visit, with a dish For breakfast, of eggs, coffee, bread, and fish. Byron. EGG, in physiology, a body formed in certain females, in which is contained an embryo, or fœtus of the same species, under a cortical surface or shell. The exterior part of an egg is the shell; which in a hen, for instance, is a white, thin, and friable cortex, including all the other parts. It is lined every where with a very thin, but a pretty tough membrane, which dividing at, or very near, the obtuse end of the egg, forms a small bag, where nothing but air is contained. In new-laid eggs this follicle appears very little, but becomes larger when the egg is kept. Within this are contained the albumen, or white, and the vitellus, or yolk; each of which have their different virtues. The albumen is a cold, viscous, white liquor in the egg, different in consistence in its different parts. It is observed, that there are two distinct albumens, each of which is enclosed in its proper membrane. Of these one is very thin and liquid; the other is more dense and viscous, and of a somewhat whiter color; but in old and stale eggs, after some days incubation, inclining to a yellow. As this second albumen covers the yolk on all sides, so it is itself surrounded by the other external liquid. The albumen of a fecundated egg, is as sweet and free from corruption, during all the time of incubation, as it is in new laid eggs; as is also the vitellus. As the eggs of hens consist of two liquors separated one from another, and distinguished by two branches of umbilical veins, one of which goes to the vitellus, and the other to the albumen; so it is very probable, that they are of different natures, and consequently appointed for different purposes. When the vitellus grows warm with incubation, it becomes more humid, and like melting wax or fat, whence it takes up more space. For as the fœtus increases, the albumen insensibly wastes away and condenses; the vitellus, on the contrary, seems to lose little or nothing of its bulk when the fœtus is perfected, and only appears more liquid and humid when the abdomen of the foetus begins to be formed. The chick in the egg is first nourished by the albumen, and when this is consumed, by the vitellus, as with milk. If we compare the chalaze to the extremities of an axis passing through the vitellus, which is of a spherical form, this sphere will be composed of two unequal portions, its axis not passing through its centre; consequently, since it is heavier than the white, its smaller portion must always be uppermost in all positions of the egg. The yellowish white round spot, called cicatri cula, is placed on the middle of the smaller portion, and therefore always appears on the superior part of the vitellus. Not long before the exclusion of the chick, the whole yolk is taken into its abdomen; and the shell, at the obtuse end of the egg, frequently appears cracked some time before the exclusion of the chick. The chick is sometimes observed to perforate the shell with its beak. After exclusion, the yolk is gradually wasted, being conveyed into the small guts by a small duct. Eggs differ very much according to the birds that lay them, as to their color, form, bigness, age, and the different way of dressing them; those most used in food are hens' eggs; of which, such as are new-laid are best. As to the preservation of eggs, it is observed, that the egg is always quite full when it is first laid by the hen; but from that time it gradually becomes less and less so, to its decay; and, however compact and close its shell may appear, it is nevertheless perforated with a multitude of small holes, though too minute for the discernment of our eyes, the effect of which is a daily decrease of matter within the egg, from the time of its being laid; and the perspiration is much quicker in hot weather than in cold. To preserve eggs fresh, there needs no more than to preserve then full, and stop the transpiration: the method of doing which is, by stopping up those pores with matter which is not soluble in watery fluids; and on this principle it is, that all kinds of varnish, prepared with spirit of wine, will preserve eggs fresh for a long time, if they are carefully rubbed all over the shell; tallow, mutton fat, and even fresh butter, are also good for this purpose; for such as are rubbed over with any of these will keep as long as those coated over with varnish. M. Reaumur observes, that hens' eggs are properly a sort of chrysalis of the animal; their germ, after they are impregnated by the cock, containing the young animal alive, and waiting only a due degree of warmth to be hatched, and appear in its proper form. When eggs have been long kept, there is a road found near one of their ends, between the shell and the internal membrane; this is a mark of their being stale, and is the effect of an evaporation of part of their humidity: the varnish which M. Reaumur used to the chrysalis, being tried on eggs, was found to preserve them for two years, as fresh as if laid but the same day, and such as the nicest palate could not distinguish from those that were so. The art of hatching chickens by means of ovens has long been practised in Egypt, chiefly in a village named Berme, and its environs. About the beginning of autumn, the natives scatter themselves all over the country; where each undertakes the management of an oven. These ovens are of different sizes, but, in general, they contain from 40,000 to 80,000 eggs, and they usually keep them working for about six months: as, therefore, each brood takes up in an oven, as under a hen, only twenty-one days, it is easy in every one of them to hatch eight different broods of chickens. Every Bermean is under the obligation of delivering to the person who trusts him with an oven, only twothirds of as many chickens as there have been eggs put under his care; and he is a gainer by this bargain, as more than two-thirds of the eggs usually produce chickens. This useful and advantageous method of hatching eggs was discovered in France by the ingenious M. Reaumur; who, by a number of experiments, reduced the art to fixed principles. He found that the heat necessary for this purpose is nearly the same with that marked 320 on his thermometer, or 96° on Fahrenheit's. The degree of heat which brings about the development of the cygnet, the gosling, and the Turkey pout, is the same as that which fits for hatching the Canary songster, and, in all probability, the smallest humming-bird: the difference is only in the time during which this heat ought to be communicated to the eggs of different birds. After many experiments, M. Reaumur found, that stoves heated by means of a baker's oven, succeeded better than those made hot by layers of dung: and the furnaces of glass-houses, and those of the melters of metals, by means of pipes to convey heat into a room, might, no doubt, be made to answer the same purpose. As to the form of the stoves, no great nicety is required. Nothing more is necessary but to ascertain the degree of heat, by melting a lump of butter of the size of a walnut, with half as much tallow, and putting it into a phial. This serves to indicate the heat with sufficient exactness: for when it is too great, this mixture will become as liquid as oil; and when the heat is too small, it will remain fixed in a lump: but it will flow like a thick syrup, upon inclining the bottle, if the stove be of a right temper. Great attention therefore should be given to keep the heat always at this degree, and that all the eggs in the stove may equally share the irregularities of the heat, M. Reaumur has invented a sort of low boxes, without bottoms, and lined with furs. These, which he calls artificial parents, not only shelter the chickens from the injuries of the air, but afford a kindly warmth, so that they take the benefit of their shelter as readily as they would have done under the wings of a hen. After hatching, it will be necessary to keep the chickeus for some time in a room artfully heated, and furnished with these boxes; but afterwards they may be safely exposed to the air in the courtyard, in which it may not be amiss to place one of these artificial parents to shelter them, if there should be occasion for it. They are generally a whole day after being hatched, before they take any food at all. A few crumbs of bread may then be given them for a day or two, after which they will pick up insects and grass for themselves. But, to save the trouble of attending them, capons may be taught to watch them in the same manner as hens do. EGG HARBOUR, LITTLE, a township of New Jersey, in Burlington county, consisting of 23,000 acres. The compact part of the township is called Clam Town. It has a small trade to the West Indies. EGG HARBOUR RIVER, GREAT, a river of New Jersey, which rises between Gloucester and Cumberland counties. After running E. S. E. a few miles, it becomes the divisional line between Cape May and Gloucester counties, and falls into the bay of its own name. The inlet from the Atlantic Ocean lies in 39° 22′. The river abounds with sheepshead, rock-fish, perch, oysters, clams, &c., which find a ready market at Philadelphia. This river is navigable twenty miles for vessels of 200 tons. EGG HARBOUR RIVER, LITTLE, or Little Inlet, lies about seventeen miles north-east of Great Egg Harbour Inlet. It receives Mulicus River which rises in Gloucester and Burlington counties, and forms part of the divisional line a few miles from the bay. It is navigable twenty miles for vessels of sixty tons. EGG ISLAND, a small island on the west coast of Virginia, at the mouth of York River. 2. A small island in the Straits of Magellan, seven miles north-east of York Minster. 3. Á small island on the north-east side of Delaware Bay, in Cumberland county. Long. 75° 12′ W., lat. 39° 16′ N. EGINHART, or EGINHARD, secretary to Charles the Great, and the most ancient of the German historians. It is said, that he insinuated himself into the favor of Imma, daughter of Charles the Great, and that Charles, having discovered the intrigue, married the two lovers, and gave them an estate in land. See EGINHARD. Fr. eglantier. A spe E'GLANTINE, n. s. cies of rose; sweet-briar. Sweet is the rose, but grows upon a brere; The leaf of eglantine, not to slander, Spenser. Shakspeare. Cymbeline. O blessed within the enclosure of your rocks, EGLANTINE, in botany. See ROSA. EGMONT, NEW GUERNSEY, or SANTA CRUZ ISLAND, one of Queen Charlotte's islands, in the South Pacific Ocean, discovered in 1595, by the Spanish navigator Mandana. He bestowed upon it the name of Santa Cruz, which was changed to Egmont by captain Carteret in 1767. It is high and mountainous throughout, being about |