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Phemius! let acts of gods, and heroes old, What ancient bards in hall and bower have told, Attempered to the lyre, your voice employ; Such the pleased ear will drink with silent joy.

Pope. I drink delicious poison from thy eye. Id. Brush not thy sweeping skirt too near the wall; Thy heedless sleeve will drink the coloured oil. Gay. Amongst drinks, austere wines are apt to occasion foul eruptions. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

Peg's servants were always asking for drink-money. Arbuthnot.

the wit of drunkenness.

Do we

The Lacedemonians trained up their children to hate drunkenness, by bringing a drunken man into their company. Watts on the Mind. It is not necessary to be drunk one's self, to relish not judge of the drunken wit of the dialogue between Iago and Cassio (the most excellent in its kind), when we are quite sober? Wit is wit, by whatever means it is produced; and, if good, will appear so at all times. I admit that the spirits are raised by drinking, as by the common participation of any pleasure: cock-fighting or bear-baiting will raise the spirits of a company, as drinking does, though surely they will not improve conversation. I also admit, that there are some sluggish

men who are improved by drinking, as there are fruits which are not good till they are rotten: there are such men, but they are medlars.

Johnson.

No eyes But mine now drink this sight of loveliness; I should be sole in this sweet solitude, And with the Spirit of the place divide The homage of these waters.

Would that I had died

Ere such a monster's victim I had been! What may this midnight violence betide,

Byron.

Id.

A sudden fit of drunkenness or spleen? DRINK is an essential part of our ordinary food in a liquid form. See FooD. The general use of drink is, to supply fluid; facilitate solution; of course to assist the evacuation of the stomach, and promote the progress of the aliment through the intestines; for, by the contraction of the longitudinal fibres of the stomach, the pylorus is drawn up, and nothing but fluid can pass; which, by its bulk, makes a hurried progress through the intestines, and so determines a greater excretion by stool, as less than can be absorbed by the lacteals. Hence, a large quantity of common water has been found purgative; and, ceteris paribus, that aliment which is accompanied with the largest proportion of drink, makes the largest evacuation by stool. Here a question has arisen, about where the feculent part of the aliment is first remarkably

collected. It is commonly thought to be in the great gut; but, undoubtedly, it often begins in the ilium, especially when the drink is in a small proportion, and when the progress of the aliment is slow; for when the contents of the guts are very fluid, they are quickly pushed on, and reach the great guts before they deposit their feculency. Another effect of drink is, to facilitate the mixture of the lymph, refluent from every part of the system, with the chyle. In the blood-vessels, where all must be kept fluid in order to proper mixture, drink increases the fluidity, and gives tension, by its bulk. Hence, drink contributes to sanguification, as sometimes food gives too dense a nutriment to be acted upon by the solids; and hence, also, drink promotes the secretions. These are the effects of drink in general; but the more liquid the food is, it is the sooner evacuated, and less nourishment is extracted. Hence, drink is, in some degree, opposed to nourishment; and so, ceteris paribus, those who use least drink are most nourished. All these effects may be produced by simple water; and it is said, that other liquors are fit for drink in proportion to the water they contain. Water, however, when used as drink, is mest commonly impregnated with vegetable and farinaceous substances, which thus both operate as drink and contribute to nourishment. Sometimes we impregnate water with the subacid fruits; and thus it acquires other qualities, of considerable use in the animal economy. All drinks may be reduced to two heads: first, pure water, or where the additional substance gives no additional yirtue; second, fermented liquors. The latter have not only the qualities of the first, but also qualities peculiar to themselves. Fermented liquors are more or less poignant to the taste, and better calculated to quench thirst. They are peculiarly adapted for stimulating the mouth, fauces, and stomech, to throw out the saliva and gastric liquor. By their acescency they are fitted for some beneficial purposes in certain states of the system; by their fluidity they dilate viscid food; though in this respect they answer no better than common water. Carried into the blood-vessels, in so far as they retain any saline property, they stimulate the excretories, and promote urine and sweat. Many physicians, in treating of fermented liquors, have rejected their nutritious virtues, which certainly ought to be taken into the account, though, by expediting the evacuation by stool, they cause less of the nutritious parts of the aliment to be taken up, and, by stimulating the excretories, make these nutritious parts to rest for a shorter time in the system. All these and many other effects arise from fermented liquors. Their acescency sometimes promotes the disease of acescency, by increasing that of vegetables, acting as a ferment, and so producing flatulency, purging, cholera, &c. So that, with vegetable aliment, as little drink is necessary, the most innocent is pure water; and it is only with animal food that fermented liquors are necessary. In warmer climates, fermented liquors would seem requisite to obviate alkalescency and heat. But it should be considered, that, though fermented liquors contain an acid, yet they also contain al

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DROP. To fall in drops, or let drops fall; in a
particular sense, to let fat drop in roasting; that
which falls in drops or small quantities. In teis
last sense drip is synonymous with dripping.
Let what was put into his belly, and what he drips,
Walton's Angler.
be his sauce.

His offered entrails shall his crime reproach,
And drip their fatness from the hazle broach.
Dryden's Virgil.

The soil, with fattening moisture filled,
Is cloathed with grass, and fruitful to be tilled;
Such as in fruitful vales we view from high,
Which dripping rocks, not rolling streams, supply.
Dryden.

The finest sparks, and cleanest beaux,
Drip from the shoulders to the toes.
Her flood of tears

Prior.

Swift.

Seem like the lofty barn of some rich swain,
Which from the thatch drips fast a shower of rain.
Shews all her secrets of house-keeping;
Id.
For candles how she trucks her dripping.
When the cook turns her back, throw smoaking
Id.
coals into the drippingpan.
Water may
be procured for necessary occasions

cohol; which, though it adds stimulus to the stomach, yet is extremely hurtful in the warmer climates, and wherever alkalescency prevails in the system. Nature in these climates has given men an inclination for water impregnated with acid fruits, e. g. sherbet: but this needs to be cautiously used, as in these countries they are apt to shun animal food, using too much of the vegetable, and often thus causing dangerous refrigerations, choleras, diarrheas, &c. It may be proper here to mention the chief heads on which the varieties of fermented liquors depend. 1st. They are owing to the quality of the subject, as more or less viscid; and to its capacity also of undergoing an active fermentation, although perhaps the more viscid are more nutritious. Hence the difference between ales and wines; by the first, meaning fermented liquors from farinacea, by the second, from the fruits of plants. It depends, 2dly, On the acerbity, acidity, nature, and maturation, of the fruit. 3dly. The variety depends on the conduct of the fermentation. In general, fermentation is progressive, being at first active and rapid, detaching the fixed air or gas sylvestre, from the heavens, by preserving the drips of the at the same time acquiring more acid than before. These qualities of flatulency and acidity remain for some time: but, as the fermentation goes on, the liquor becomes more perfect, no air is detached, and alcohol is produced; so that fermented liquors differ according to the progress of the fermentation, and have different effects on the system. When fermentation is stopped before it comes to maturity, though naturally it proceeds in this way, yet, by addition of new ferment, it may again be renewed with a turbid intestine motion. In the inordinate quantities in which fermented liquors are occasionally drunk with a view of conviviality, they have a tendency to undermine the health, while they appear to fatten the body; occasioning dropsy and other fatal diseases. The strong ale so much drunk in the country certainly has had many victims, as well as fermented liquors of other kinds; but those beverages generally drunk at our meals under the name of beer and porter are certainly most wholesome, when free of acidity, and answer every salutary purpose in the animal economy. See DIGESTION.

DRINO, a river of European Turkey, in Albania, formed of the White Drino, which falls from Mount Boras, on the frontiers of Dalmatia and Servia, and the Black Drino, a much larger stream, which takes its rise on the northern declivity of the mountains of Sagori, and after passing through the lake of Ochrida, flows in a northerly direction till it meets the former.. The united stream now runs due west, separating Albania from Dalmatia, and finally empties itself by seven mouths into the Adriatic, below Alessio, forming several islands, and the Gulf of Drino. It is navigable for large rafts for nearly 100 miles. On the banks are noble forests. DRINO is also the name of another large river of European Turkey, which separates Bosnia from Servia, and falls into the Save below Dri

novar.

DRIP, v. n., v. a. & n.s.
DRIPPING, n. s.

DRIPPINGPAN, n. s.

houses.

Mortimer.
Though thy clime
Be fickle, and thy year most part deformed
With dripping rains, or withered by a frost,
I would not yet exchange thy sullen skies,
And fields without a flower, for warmer France,
Couper.

With all her vines.

There breathes a living fragrance from the shore,
Of flowers yet fresh with childhood; on the ear
Drops the light drip of the suspended oar,
Or chirps the grasshopper one good-night carol more.
Byron. Childe Harold.
And thou, ghastly Beldame !
Dripping with dusky gore, and trampling on
The carcases of Inde-away! away!

Byron.

DRISSA, a town of the government of Witepsk, European Russia, situated on the right bank of the Dwina, at the influx of the Drissa. Here was situated the entrenched camp, constructed by the Russians in 1812, to oppose the progress of the French, but abandoned on the approach of the latter. It is twenty miles W.N. W. of Polotzk, and 272 south of St. Petersburgh.

DRIVE, v. a. & n. s.)
DRIV'ER,
DRIVING, n. s.
DROVE, n. s.

DROV'EN, part.
DROV'ER, n. s.

force;

Sax. driven; Swedo-Goth. drifwa; Teut treiben; from Greek, τρειβω. To chase; to push or impel with overcoming opposed to draw or drag, in which that which draws or drags goes before; that which drives goes behind or follows the thing driven : hence to force or compel, generally; to aim at; to urge to greater speed; to regulate a carriage, or rather the horses, perhaps; to hurry on; to distress. A drove, from the preterite of drive, is a collective number of things or animals driven: hence a crowd or tumult of persons. Droven, the old past participle of drive. A drover, one who habitually drives animals, or feeds them to be driven to market. Spenser uses it for a boat driven along the stream.'

this

Dutch, drippen; For the charite of Crist dryueth us, gessynge
Teuton. dripelen; thing, that if oon diede for alle, thanne alle weren
Dan. dryppe. See. deede,
Wiclif. 2 Cor. v.

But if questions ben of the word, and of names of ghoure lawe bise ghousilff, I will not be domesman of these thingis, and he droof hem fro the doom place. Id. Dedis. 18.

And the watchman told, saying, the driving is like the driving of Jehu, the sou of Nimshi, for he driveth furiously. Bible, 2 Kings ix. 20. They were driven forth from among men. Job xxx. 5. He stood and measured the earth: he beheld, and drove asunder the nations. Hab. iii. 6. And fro the benche he drove away the cat, And laid adoun his potent and his hat, And eke his scrip, and set himself adoun.

Chaucer. Cant. Tales. For the metre sake, some words in him sometime be driven awry, which require straighter placing in plain prose. This kind of speech is in the manner of desperate men far driven. Spenser's State of Ireland.

To drive the deer with hound and horn Earl Percy took his way.

Ascham.

Chery Chase.

The Romans did not think that tyranny was thoroughly extinguished, till they had driven one of their consuls to depart the city, against whom they' found not in the world what to object, saving only that his name was Tarquin. Hooker.

He from the many-peopled city flies; Contemns their labours, and the driver's cries.

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The prince hath got your Hero.

I wish him joy of her.

Id.

Why, that's spoken like an honest drover; so they sell bullocks. Id. Much Ado About Nothing.

As a farmer cannot husband his ground so well, if he sit at a great rent; so the merchant cannot drive his trade so well, if he sit at great usury. Bacon. The experiment of wood that shineth in the dark, we have diligently driven and pursued; the rather for that, of all things that give light here below, it is the most durable, and hath least apparent motion.

Id. Natural History." They brought to their stations many droves of cattle; and within a few days were brought out of the country two thousand muttons. Hayward.

Discontents drave men into slidings.
King Charles.

We have thus the proper notions of the four elements, and both them and their qualities driven up and resolved into their most simple principles. Digby on Bodies.

He drave them beyond Amon's flood, And their sad bounds marked deep in their own blood. Cowley.

fost miserable if such unskilfulness make them drive on their time by the periods of sin and death. Taylor.

Lord Cottington, being master of temper, and of the most profound dissimulation, knew too well how to

lead him into a mistake, and then drive him into cho ler. Clarendon.

Thy flaming chariot-wheels, that shook Heaven's everlasting frame, while o'er the necks Thou drov'st of warring angels disarrayed. Milton. The sounds and seas, with all their finny drove, Now to the moon in wavering n.orrice move. Id. A Spaniard is unacquainted with our northern droves. Browne. Authors drive at these, as the highest elegancies, which are but the frigidities of wit.

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Id. Vulgar Errours. He taught the gospel rather than the law, And forced himself to drive, but loved to draw. Dryden

Love, fixt to one, still safe at anchor rides, And dares the fury of the winds and tides; But losing once that hold, to the wide ocean born, It drives away at will, to every wave a scorn. Id. Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails, And rent the sheets. d. Eneid. Perithous' dart drove on, and nailed him to the wood. Dryden.

Your Pasimond a lawless bargain drove, The parent could not sell the daughter's love. Id. Fate has driven 'em all

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Id.

The drover, who his fellow drover meets In narrow passages of winding streets. The wolves scampered away, however, as hard as they could drive. L'Estrange.

The one's in the plot, let him be never so innocent; and the other is as white as the driven snow, let him be never so criminal. Id. He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not the like, to do as much for my horse as fortune had done for his. Sidney.

It is better to marry than to burn, says St. Paul; where we may see what drives men into a conjugal life a little burning pushes us more powerfully than Locke. greater pleasures in prospect.

The multitude or common rout, like a drove of sheep, or an herd of oxen, may be managed by any noise or cry which their driver shall accustom them to. South.

There find a herd of heifers, wandering o'er The neighbouring hill, and drive 'em to the shore. Addison. We have done our work, and are come within view of the end that we have been driving at.

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Burns.

May He who gives the rain to pour, And wings the blast to blaw, Protect thee frae the driving shower," The bitter frost and snaw! DRIVING, among sportsmen, a method of taking pheasant powts. The sportsman having found out the haunts of these birds, and fixed his nets there, he calls upon them together by a pheasant call, imitating the voice of the dam; after this he makes a noise with his driver, which will make them run a little way forward in a cluster; and this he repeats till he has made sure of them, by driving them into his nets.

DRIVING, in metallurgy, is said of silver, wnen, in the operation of refining, the lead being burnt away, the remaining copper rises upon its surface in red fiery bubbles.

DRIVING, in the sea language, is said of a ship, when an anchor being let fall will not hold her fast, nor prevent her falling away with the wind or tide. The best help in this case is to let fall more anchors, or to veer out more cable; for the more cable she has out, the safer she rides. When a ship is a-hull or a-try, they say she drives to leeward.

DRIV'EL, v. n. & n. s. Goth. drafla; Icel. DRIVʼeller, n. s. S drafa, to talk wildly, whence Teut. ravelen, to dote. To be weak; foolish hence to slaver like a child or idiot.

the verb.

The substantive, drivel, saliva, is derived from A driveller is a dastard; fool; idiot. This driveling love is like a great natural, that runs lolling up and down to hide his bauble.

Shakspeare. Romeo and Juliet. No man could spit from him, but would be forced to drivel like some paralytick, or a fool.

Grew.

Besides the' eternal drivel, that supplies The dropping beard, from nostrils, mouth, and eyes. Dryden.

I hate to see a brave bold fellow sotted, Made sour and senseless, turned to whey, by love A driveling hero, fit for a romance.

Id.

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Lat. ros; Gr. poros, dew.
small drops: drizzly is shedding small rain.
And drizzling drops, that often do redound,
The firmest flint doth in continuance wear.

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The neighbouring mountains, by reason of their height, are more exposed to the dews and drizzling rains than any of the adjacent parts. Addison on Italy.

But if perchance on some dull drizzling day A thought intrude, that says, or seems to say, If thus the' important cause is to be tried, Suppose the beam should dip on the wrong side; I soon recover from these needless frights, And God is merciful-sets all to rights. Cowper. DROGDEN CHANNEL, a channel between

the islands of Amak and Saltholm, and the only safe passage for ships of the line into the Baltic. It is about five miles in length, commencing opposite the road of Copenhagen, and there consisting of two channels, divided by a sand-bank. The inner, which is called Kongedyl (the royal passage), is commanded by the cannon of Copenhagen, and was the scene of the engagement 2d of April, 1801, between the Danes and English.

DROGHEDA, anciently called Tredagh, is a post, market, and fair town in Ireland, distant twenty-nine miles from Dublin. It is situated on the river Boyne, the natural boundary of the counties of Meath and Louth, and is in the county of the town of Drogheda; it is governed by a recorder, a mayor, two sheriffs, twenty-four sentatives from the guilds. Drogheda was foraldermen, the sheriffs' peers, and fourteen repretown of much consideration; the merly a privilege of coinage was once granted to it, and in the reign of Edward IV. an act passed the Irish parliament, for the foundation of an university here, with like privileges as Oxford, which act remains still unrepealed. In 1641

this place was besieged by the rebels, but after suffering considerably, was at length gallantly relieved by Sir Henry Tichbourne. Cromwell afterwards stormed and captured it, and left an everlasting remembrance of his sanguinary character here, in the massacre of its unarmed inhabitants St. Lawrence's gate and tower are the chief remains of the ancient fortifications. About four miles from Drogheda, on the river Boyne, is the passage of Oldbridge, celebrated as being the scene of the memorable engagement between William III. and James in 1690, usually called the battle of the Boyne. A handsome obelisk is erected on the spot.

Drogheda returns one member to the imperial parliament. The principal public buildings are the Tholsel, a very elegant structure: the churches of St. Peter's and St. Mary's; five Roman Catholic chapels, and two meeting-houses. There are also large assembly-rooms, and a public reading-room. The gaol is a fine building, lately erected at an expense of £12,000. There is an infantry barrack in the town, and a magazine on a hill called Millmount, on the Meath side of the river. The principal trade of this place consists in the sale of dowlass, from twenty-six to thirty inches wide: sheeting of a superior quality was once the staple, but it has lost the reputation of manufacturing the best description of that article. Much corn is exported, and coal imported, which latter is conveyed by means of the Boyne navigation to Navan, whence the interior of Meath is conveniently supplied. The harbour of Drogheda is capable of much improvement: the great obstruction to the navigation is a bank called Tickel's Bed; by cutting through this, which could be done for a small sum, four feet water would be gained over the bar and up to the quay. There is but one bridge in Drogheda, and this is dangerously narrow. Amongst the valuable institutions are the classical school (one of very high character), founded by Sir Erasmus Smith; the blue school, supported by the corporation; an alms-house, affording shelter and partial support to twenty-four widows; an asylum for thirty-six clergymen's widows, to each of whom £26 annually are allowed this is sup ported by bequests of primates Marsh and Bolter. There are many other valuable charities and institutions in this town. The export trade is tolerably flourishing, and to the establishment of steam-packets, which has already taken place, the harbour improvement above-mentioned only requires to be added, to make it the medium of importation to the midland counties.

DROIL, n. s. & v. n. A contraction of drivel. A drone; a sluggard: hence to work sluggishly or slowly; to plod.

Let such vile vassals, born to base vocation,
Drudge in the world, and for their living droil,
Which have no wit to live withouten toyle.

Spenser. Desuetude does contract and narrow our faculties, so that we can apprehend only those things in which we are conversant; the droiling peasant scarce thinks there is any world beyond the neighbouring markets. Government of the Tongue.

VOL. VII.

DROITWICH, a town of England, in the county of Worcester, containing three churches, and about 400 houses. It is noted for excellent white salt, made from the salt-springs in its neighbourhood; amounting to about 700,000 bushels a year. This town, anciently called Diertwich, from its wet dirty appearance, is seated on the navigable river Salwarp. It appears to have been a populous place in the reign of William the Conqueror, and has always been particularly celebrated for its immense saltsprings, whereof mention is made in DomesdayBook. A canal has been made from this town to the Severn, about three miles from Worcester, for the purpose of conveying the salt. It has a weekly market on Friday, and sends two members to parliament. The right of election is in two bailiffs, the recorder, and eleven burgesses, who are styled the corporation of the salt-springs of Droitwich. The bailiffs are the returning officers, and justices of the quorum: the recorder is also a justice of the peace. It is seven miles E. N. E. of Worcester, and 118 W. N.W. of London.

DROLL, n. s., v. n., v. a. & adj.-
DROLLER, n.s.
DROL'LERY,
DROL'LING,
DROLL'HOUSE.

Fr. drôle ; Arm. drew. A jester; buffoon: hence

to play the

buffoon, or jester; to cheat; trick: and, as an adjective, ridiculous; odd.

There is nothing so disagreeable in works of humour, as an insipid, unsupported vivacity, the very husks of drollery, bottled small beer, a man out-riding his horse, lewdness and impotence, a fiery actor in a phlegmatic scene, an illiterate and stupid preacher discoursing upon Urim and Thummim, and beating the pulpit cushion in such a manner, as though he would make the dust and the truth fly out of it at once.

Shenstone.

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Men that will not be reasoned into their senses, Id. Let virtuosos insult and despise on, yet they never shall be able to droll away nature. South.

may yet be laughed or drolled into them.

The vulgar may swallow any sordid jest; any mere drollery or buffoonery; but it must be a finer and truer wit which takes with men of sense and good breeding. Shaftesbury.

Italy may have the preference of all other nations for history painting; Holland for drolls and a neat finished manner of working; France for gay, jaunty, fluttering pictures; and England for portraits.

Spectator.

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